Co-evolution of plants and their pollinatorswinn/BSC2011_02/lecture25.pdf · Co-evolution of plants...
Transcript of Co-evolution of plants and their pollinatorswinn/BSC2011_02/lecture25.pdf · Co-evolution of plants...
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Co-evolution of plants and their pollinators
A. Co-evolution
B. Plant reproductive biology
C. The problem of pollen transfer
1. Attractants and rewards
D. Pollen vectors and syndromes
1, Biotic vectors: bees, moths, butterflies, birds, bats, others
2. Abiotic vectors: wind and water
3. Pollination by deceit
4. Reward thieves
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What would your grade be if grades were assigned today?Calculation of percentage of points earned so far:
Total points out of 300 =
Quiz1 + Quiz2 + Quiz3 + Quiz4 + Exam1(3.03) +Exam2(3.03)
Points earned/300 = Percent
Approximate Grades:
78% - 100% A
65% - 77% B
47% - 64% C
less than 47% D
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stamen
pistil
receptacle
petal (corolla)
sepal (calyx)
antherfilament
stigmastyleovary
male
female
Attractants Rewardscolor nectarscent pollen shape shelter
chemicalsheat
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Pollination by bees
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Nectar guides direct pollinators to rewards in the flower.
In wild geranium, the nectar guides are only visible under ultra-violet light
UV light Natural light
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Some flowers provide a landing pad for pollinators
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A honeybee with full pollen baskets
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Pollination by moths
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Pollination by butterflies
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Hummingbird pollination
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A sunbird pollinating a bird-of-paradise flower
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Bat pollination
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Pollination by marsupials and spiders: it’s rare but it happens!
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The generalist pollination syndrome has something for everyone
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Wind pollination
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Wind borne pollen has been found at 19000 ft altitude and as much as 3000 miles from the nearest possible source
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Hydrochory - pollination by water in Vallisneria
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A carrion mimic that is pollinated by carrion flies
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Hugo deVries with a stinking corpse lily
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A flower that mimics the gills of a fungus
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A flower with fake pollen
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1 2
3
Deceit pollination in bucket orchids
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Pseudocopulatory orchids
These are flowers
This is not!
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A nectar robber taking a reward without pollinating