Cnidaria & Ctenophora. Cnidaria Radially symmetrical Tentacles contain nematocysts (stinging cells)
Cnidaria
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Transcript of Cnidaria
![Page 1: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CnidariaCnidariaHydra, Jellyfish, Coral, & Sea Hydra, Jellyfish, Coral, & Sea
AnemonesAnemones
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Phylum CnidariaPhylum CnidariaSomeSome examples of Cnidaria are:examples of Cnidaria are:
• Sea anemones and Corals -Sea anemones and Corals - Anthozoa Anthozoa
• Hydra -Hydra - Hydrozoa Hydrozoa
• Jelly fish -Jelly fish - Scyphozoa Scyphozoa
• Box jellyfish - Box jellyfish - CubozoaCubozoa
![Page 3: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
AnatomyAnatomyA. A. PolymorphismPolymorphism- Cnidarians - Cnidarians
have more than one body have more than one body form:form:
1. 1. PolypPolyp
2. 2. MedusaMedusa
![Page 4: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Polyp FormPolyp Form• Tube with tentacles Tube with tentacles
around the moutharound the mouth
• SessileSessile
Coral polyp
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Polyp (sea anemone)Polyp (sea anemone)
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Polyp (Hydra)Polyp (Hydra)
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Medusa FormMedusa Form• Umbrella shapeUmbrella shape
• Tentacles around mouthTentacles around mouth
• Motile, Free-swimmingMotile, Free-swimming
![Page 8: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
TentaclesTentacles• Have Have
nematocysts nematocysts
(stinging cells)(stinging cells)
• Coiled thread Coiled thread discharges discharges
like a harpoonlike a harpoon
• Contains Contains neurotoxinneurotoxin
• Paralyzes preyParalyzes prey Discharged nematocyst
![Page 9: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Level of Level of OrganizationOrganization
A. Cnidarians have tissuesA. Cnidarians have tissues
B. No organsB. No organs
C. Most Cnidarians have C. Most Cnidarians have Radial SymmetryRadial Symmetry
![Page 10: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Radial SymmetryRadial Symmetry
Compass jellyfish
RadialRadial
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HabitatHabitatAquatic:Aquatic:
1. Most 1. Most MarineMarine
2. Few 2. Few fresh-waterfresh-water
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FeedingFeeding
A. Carnivores A. Carnivores
(predators)(predators)
B. Process of feedingB. Process of feeding
1. Tentacles sting prey with1. Tentacles sting prey with
nematocystsnematocysts
2. Tentacles grab prey2. Tentacles grab prey
3. Prey pulled into mouth3. Prey pulled into mouth
Lion’s mane eats another jelly
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Process of feedingProcess of feeding
4. Prey stuffed into 4. Prey stuffed into gastro-gastro-vascularvascular cavitycavity (GVC)* (GVC)*
5. GVC makes 5. GVC makes enzymesenzymes, extra-, extra-cellular digestioncellular digestion
6. Undigested food back out 6. Undigested food back out mouthmouth
**incomplete digestive tract (no incomplete digestive tract (no anus)anus)
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Lion’s mane jellyfish eating Lion’s mane jellyfish eating
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RespirationRespiration• Via diffusion Via diffusion
• Body is two cell layers Body is two cell layers
thickthick
![Page 16: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Internal TransportInternal Transport• Via diffusionVia diffusion
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ExcretionExcretion
• Via diffusionVia diffusion
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ResponseResponseA.A. No nervous systemNo nervous system
B.B. Nerve net around mouthNerve net around mouth
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LocomotionLocomotion
A.A. Medusa- Medusa- motilemotile, free-swimming, free-swimming
B.B. Polyps- Polyps- sessilesessile,, attached to hard attached to hard substratesubstrate
Exceptions: Exceptions:
1. Hydra tumbles on tentacles1. Hydra tumbles on tentacles
2. Sea anemones glide on pedal 2. Sea anemones glide on pedal discdisc
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ReproductionReproduction
1. 1. Asexual Asexual buddingbudding2. 2. SexualSexual
a. Medusae release sperm & eggsa. Medusae release sperm & eggs b. Larvae are free-swimmingb. Larvae are free-swimming
![Page 21: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ecological RoleEcological RoleA.A. Predators and preyPredators and prey
B.B. Neurotoxins in medical researchNeurotoxins in medical research
C.C. Coral – jewelry, building, reefs Coral – jewelry, building, reefs (surfing!)(surfing!)
D.D. Coral reefs - habitat for manyCoral reefs - habitat for many
-great biodiversity-great biodiversity
- protect coastline- protect coastline
E.E. Symbiosis with other organisms Symbiosis with other organisms
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Class Anthozoa: Sea Class Anthozoa: Sea AnemonesAnemones
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Sea Anemones (with sea Sea Anemones (with sea urchins)urchins)
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Sea Anemones Clown fish with Sea Anemones Clown fish with sea anemonesea anemone
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Clown fish & eggs with sea Clown fish & eggs with sea anemone anemone
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Clown fish with sea Clown fish with sea anemoneanemone
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Giant Sea AnemoneGiant Sea Anemone
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Rosy Sea AnemoneRosy Sea Anemone
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Class Anthozoa: CoralsClass Anthozoa: Corals
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Brain CoralBrain Coral
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CoralCoral
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Colt CoralColt Coral
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Elkhorn CoralElkhorn Coral
![Page 34: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cabbage CoralCabbage Coral
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Flower CoralFlower Coral
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Feather CoralFeather Coral
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Gorgonian Fan CoralGorgonian Fan Coral
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Lamellina CoralLamellina Coral
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Sun CoralSun Coral
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Subergorgia CoralSubergorgia Coral
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Soft CoralSoft Coral
![Page 42: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Sea PenSea Pen
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Sea FanSea Fan
![Page 44: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Sea PlumeSea Plume
![Page 45: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Class Hydrozoa: Green Class Hydrozoa: Green HydraHydra
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HydraHydra
![Page 47: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Brown Hydra with budsBrown Hydra with buds
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Brown Hydra eatingBrown Hydra eating
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Hydra eating DaphniaHydra eating Daphnia
•Hydra eats Daphnia
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Class Scyphozoa: True Class Scyphozoa: True JellyfishJellyfish
Fried egg jelly
![Page 51: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
JellyfishJellyfish
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JellyfishJellyfish
Red-eyed medusa
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JellyfishJellyfish
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JellyfishJellyfish
![Page 55: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
JellyfishJellyfish
Lion’s mane
![Page 56: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
JellyfishJellyfish
Purple lion’s mane
![Page 57: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Upside down Jelly fishUpside down Jelly fish
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Upside down Jelly fishUpside down Jelly fish
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Sea NettleSea Nettle
![Page 60: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Jelly and diverJelly and diver
![Page 61: Cnidaria](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070401/5681360a550346895d9d7eaa/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Giant Jelly off Coast of JapanGiant Jelly off Coast of Japan
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Beached Jelly fishBeached Jelly fish
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Jelly fish HumorJelly fish Humor
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Portuguese Portuguese Man 0’ WarMan 0’ War
(a (a Hydrozoan), Hydrozoan), NOT a true NOT a true
jelly fishjelly fish
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Portuguese Man 0’ WarPortuguese Man 0’ War
Tentacles of Physalia physalis
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Portuguese Man o’ War Portuguese Man o’ War vs. Box Jelly fishvs. Box Jelly fish
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Class Cubozoa: Box JellyfishClass Cubozoa: Box Jellyfish
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Chironex fleckeriChironex fleckerithe Box jelly fishthe Box jelly fish
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Comb Comb JelliesJellies
• These are not These are not jellyfish. They belong jellyfish. They belong to a different animal to a different animal phylum – Ctenophora.phylum – Ctenophora.