CNG vehicles for urban transport · 2013. 11. 6. · Madrid. March 14th, 2008 CNG vehicles for...

CNG vehicles for urban transportAn available solution for cleaner air in cities

BESTUFS Madrid 14-03-08

Pablo CebriánNatural Gas Vehicle Development Iveco Medium and Heavy Development Platform

Madrid. March 14th, 2008 CNG vehicles for urban transport 2

Global Problem: Scarcity of Fossil Fuels

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Total require oil sands deep sea oil conv.oil

CONVENTIONELL OIL

DEEP SEA OIL

OIL SANDSSHORTAGE

2010: necessity of massive exploitation of actual stock.

Fossil Fuels availability

40 years for petrol!40 years for petrol!

60 years for natural gas!60 years for natural gas!


Global Problem: Climate change

� 31% of emissions to the atmosphere come from transportsector

� In Spain, aprox. 22% of CO2-equivalent emissions come fromroad transport

� “In absence of mitigating policy, global transport CO2

emissions could treble by 2050” (World Resources Institute)

Greenhouse gas emission caused by human activity is modifying climate change cyclesby affecting the way the atmosphere reflectsradiation.

GWI = CO2 + 23*CH4 + 296*N2O


Local problem: Air Quality

� Atmospheric pollution has been classed by the EuropeanEnvironmental Agency as the single factor with highest impact onhuman health in Europe.

� From the urban transport point of view, two culprits stand out:

� 50% of NO and NO2 emissions are produced by internal combustionengines . NO2 not decreasing as Diesel becomes more efficient!

� PM: road transport responsible for 50% of particulate matter in suspension.

� Short-term effects: eye, noise and throat irritation, breathingdifficulty, asthma, heart, brain and lung failures leading topremature death

� Long-term effects: Slower lung development in children, chroniclung sickness, lung cancer and even potential damage to the brain.

UE reports estimate of 250.000 premature deaths every year dueto poor air quality. Source: Kunzli and Tager (2005). Air pollution from the Heart. Swiss Med Wkly.


Alternative Transport TechnologiesBattery Electric Vehicle

� Still to come the technological break-through: the BATTERY

� Low capacity and high weight limit range and speed ofelectric cars

� Long recharging hours

� Lifetime & Reliability concerns

Mass production and major market diffusion in the mediumterm are unlikely to happen with current batterytechnologies. Niche applications in the urban context, whereranges of 100-200 km are not a problem, are becomingmore common.


Alternative Transport TechnologiesHybrids

� Serial/Parallel/Mixed architectures

� Electric and Hydraulic Hybrids

� Lower Fuel Consumption: the use of hybrid technology increasesefficiency, reduces fuel consumption and, thus, reduces thepollutant emissions.

� 30% lower CO2 emissions will be possible

Hybrids are here to stay ...but require a consolidated fuel and propulsion technology


Alternative Transport TechnologiesBiofuels

� Recognised Well-To-Wheel CO2 benefits� Biodiesel or bioethanol can be added to conventional fuels

(diesel and petrol respectively) in amounts of 5% withoutrequiring any modifications to the engines, which allowsuncomplicated commercialisation from the technicalperspective.

� Many controversial issues: engine warranty, substitutionrate, cost of land conversion, energy balance taking intoconsideration labour and fertilizers, problems with imports, “fuel from food”, etc

� Biofuels are already an energy alternative and are soldblended with conventional fuels

� No significant improvement on local air quality

� Larger scale implementation requires scrict monitoring andpolicing and its feasibility is yet to be determined.


Alternative Transport TechnologiesHydrogen and Fuel Cells

� Hydrogen does not exist in natural reservoirs, it must be produced

� Transport and Storage (gas: 700 bar, liquid: -253ºC) are also important challenges

� As energy carrier, it can be:� Burned directly in H2 ICE engines requires catalytic

converter to avoid NOX emissions. Low efficiency 55%� Used to power fuel-cells.

� Fuel Cells:� Advantages: high energy conversion efficiency, almost

zero pollutant emission, flexibility in size and power� Disadvantages: still in early stages of development,

lifetime, cost, reliability, fuel for zero emissions must be hydrogen, on-board storage of Hydrogen

Economy of Hydrogen (2050?) will take place, butalternatives are needed that help pave the way


Alternative Transport TechnologiesMethane: Natural Gas and Biogas

� Nearly zero emissions, excellent carbon tohydrogen ratio, emissioncontrol both local (Nox, sulfphur, CO)and global (GHG: CO2, Nox))

� 7 Million vehicles in operation in the world

� Available distributiongrid

� Biogas: Highest fuel substitution rate perhectare of all biofuels

CNG technology is feasible in the transport sector and has thepotential to bring important short and mid term improvementsin terms of energy security, GHG emissions and air quality


DIESEL

CNG & Biogas

Hydrogen (H2)

Improvement of diesel fuelTo enable the exploitation of Diesel engines and their further evolution.

Natural Gas and BiogasNG is the most realistic alternative fuel in short term. Biogas adds benefits in terms of CO2 emissions.

Hydrogen & Hythane (CNG + H2):Long term fuel for fuel cells application (Hythane transition fuel).

GTL (Syndiesel)

Biodiesel (FAME)

BTL (Sundiesel)

NOW 2010 2020 2030 2040

GTL (Gas to Liquid)It will gain importance in the next decade. First as fuel improver, later as fuel for advanced Diesel engines.

BTL (Biomass to Liquid)Derived from biomass. CO2 neutral.

BiodieselLimited availability. It will be used mainly as blend (5 to 30%) in diesel.

Hythane

Fuel Roadmap


Natural Gas Engines


� Iveco´s CNG engines run on stoichiometric mixture, with lambda closed-loop control that ensures no oxygen is present in the exhaust.

� This makes it possible to use a tree-way catalytic converter as exhaust treatment device able to reduce by 95% the amount of all three pollutants (NOx - CO - HC)

� The catalyst is called “three-way” because the noble metals (Platinum - Pt, Palladium - Pd ) operate on three pollutants (NOx -CO - HC);� The platinum helps the reaction of the CO and HC to transform them

into CO2 and H2O;� The palladium helps the reaction to transform NOx into N2

Natural Gas EnginesIveco´́́́s implementation


Iveco CNG Engines

SOFIM F1C 3.000 cm3 136 CV

TECTOR 6 5.900 cm3 200 CV

CURSOR 7.800 cm3 270 / 310 CV

All compliant with 2005/55 CE normative forEnvironmentally Enhanced Vehicles (E.E.V.)


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Diesel engines

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CNG IVECO stoich.

Iveco CNG Engines: NOx, PM, CO2

� Iveco CNG engines generate almost zero local pollution: PM and NOx well below E. E. V. /Euro 6

� CO2 emissions measured 10-15% lower than Diesel


70 dB

100-10000 Hz

Sound levels

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100-10000 Hz

75 dB

100-10000 Hz

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90 dB

100-10000 Hz

95 dB

100-10000 Hz

Diesel engine at 1 m.

CNG engine at 1 m.

Iveco CNG Engines: Noise


IVECO is the major player of CNG in Europeand the clear leader in buses

Daily range (Vans and minibuses) 2,760

Heavy trucks 1,240

Buses 4,400

Engines 2,330

TOTAL Sold 10,730

Iveco CNG Vehicles: Product Range


Iveco Daily CNG: Light Commercial V.


Iveco Daily CNGCustomer Case: DHL Express

DHL: The

expres

s and

logistic

s network

of

Deutsch

e Post W

orld Net

DHL: Impulse to cleanvehicle technologies.Various pilot projects, e.g. CNG vehicles in Regensburg since 1999

No trading of low

emissions against

additional trips

and mileage!!!

Open tender in late 2004. Result: 70 units of Iveco Daily 50C11P CNG From the end of 2006,

170 Iveco CNG vansare in service in DHL


Iveco Eurocargo CNG: Medium trucks


44 x x 2 2

6 x 6 x 2 2

88 x x 2 2

Heavy Trucks: Iveco Stralis CNG


Natural Gas Vehicles: Iveco


Iveco Stralis CNGCustomer Case: FCC

MADRID, 445 units

10,500,000 m3(N) /year

Yearly emission savingsIveco CNG (EEV) vs. Diesel Euro 3 limits

NOx 132.391 kg

CO + HC + PM 703.000 kg

CO2 2.069.440 kg


Iveco Buses: Irisbus CNG Citels and Europolis


Iveco CNG Buses: IrisbusCustomer Case: City of Madrid

MADRID EMT, 400 units

Yearly emission savingsIveco CNG (EEV) vs. Diesel Euro 3 limits

9.500.000 Nm3 NG/year

NOx 119.000 kgCO + HC + PM 632.000 kgCO2 1.860.000 kg


Punto

Punto Van Doblo Cargo

Multipla

Doblo Panorama

FIAT Auto: Natural Power CNG Range


Concluding Remarks

� Natural Gas Vehicles are the cleanest serial produced vehiclestoday

� Practically zero local emissions: ultra-low NOx and PM

� Lower CO2 emissions than gasoline or diesel powered vehicles

� Drastic improvements on local air quaility can be achieved by substituting part of the Diesel fleet operating in cities by CNG vehicles

� Iveco´s comprehensive CNG product portfolio makes this

substitution a feasible option today.

CNG vehicles for urban transport · 2013. 11. 6. · Madrid. March 14th, 2008 CNG vehicles for...

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