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Cng ngh XML v WEB ng ngha

The Semantic WEB

1Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012

Gio vin

Trn Nguyn Ngc Ni cng tc: b mn Khoa hc my tnh, Khoa

CNTT, HVKTQS Hng nghin cu: X l tn hiu hnh nh, Tr

tu nhn to, L thuyt iu khin ti u, Khaiph d liu

Lin h: email [email protected] cell. 0948435163; tng 2 nh A1

Lch gp sinh vin: Th 4 hng tun 14h15 n14h45 ti nh A1

Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 2
mailto:[email protected]

Mn hc

Cng ngh XML v Web ng ngha- XML Technologies and the Semantic Web thucnhm chuyn ngnh Khoa hc my tnh

S bui hc: 15

Thi: Vn p trn bi tp ln

Cc mn hc lin quan: CTDL&GT, Multimedia, Tr tu nhn to, Lp trnh mng, Khai ph dliu


Cc ni dung chnh ca mn hc

Lch s hnh thnh v nhu cu pht trin web ng ngha.

Ontology nn tng xy dng Web ng ngha

Gii thiu Ngn ng truy vn SPARQL

Cng ngh XML v cc xu hng pht trin

Bi ton Xy dng h thng web ng ngha

Webcrawler v khai thc thng tin t Web ng ngha


Ti liu c bn

Google Semantic Web

Michael C. Daconta,Leo J. Obrst, Kevin T. Smith. The Semantic Web - A Guide to the Future of XML, Web Services, and Knowledge Management , Wiley 2003.

T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, O. Lassila, The Semantic

Web, Scientific American, May 2001.

D. Brickley, R.V. Guha, Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schema Specification, World Wide Web Consortium, Proposed recommendation 2001.


Ti liu c thm

http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/ SPARQL Query Language for RDF -

http://www.w3schools.com/rdf/default.asp. http://razor.occams.info/semweb. (Th vin

semweb) RDF Resource Description Framework http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/ OWL Web Ontology Language http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ http://protege.stanford.edu/

http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/http://www.w3schools.com/rdf/default.asphttp://razor.occams.info/semwebhttp://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/http://protege.stanford.edu/

Mt s yu cu

Chun b ti liu tham kho

Trang b k nng tm ti liu vi Google

Ci t th vin v chun b mi trng lptrnh

C im chuyn cn >5, im thng xuyn>4

Tch cc trao i, lm vic theo nhm


Gii thiu XML

Extensible Markup Language

Mc tiu

Gii thiu tng quan v ngn ng XML

Lm quen vi mt s mi trng son tho

XML n gin

Gii thiu

XML(Extensible Markup Language): ngn ng nh dng m rng.

XML l ngn ng c nh ngha bi t chc mng ton cu(World Wide Web Consortium) thng c vit tt W3C.

XML l mt ngn ng tng qut dng nh ngha d liu thng qua cc th.

XML l mt chun khng ph thuc vo bt k mt h iu hnh no.

Ngn ng nh dng

(markup Language)

Ngn ng nh dng l tt c nhng g dng m t ni dung mt ti liu.

V d

Cho cc bn n vi th gii ca HTML

Cho cc bn n vi th gii ca HTML

Ngn ng nh dng

(Markup Language)

Kt qu ca trang HTML trn trnh duyt IE.

Ngn ng nh dng

(Markup Language)

HTML thc hin nh dng bng cc th(

tags) nh ,

Th ch cho trnh duyt bit cch hin th ni

dung ti liu.

Tt c nhng g m ngn ng nh dng th

hin l cung cp thng tin v cch thc trnh

by ni dung ti liu.

HTML v XML

C hai u l ngn ng nh dng(nh dng

theo ngha cch quy nh x l v cha

ni dung ti liu).

HTML s dng cc th c nh ngha v

quy nh sn.

XML a ra mt s quy tc cho php ngi

dng t nh ngha cc th.

Ngn ng XML

V d:

Chao Cac Ban

Chao cac ban den voi the gioi cua XML

Ngn ng XML

Tt c cc ch th ca XML u c bt u bng .

Cc th do ngi dng t nh ngha chng hn nh , , .

Th lun bt u bng < v kt thc bng >.

Phi c th m v ng duy nht cho ton b ti liu (root).

Hin th ti liu XML

Trnh duyt ch c th hin th file XML bng cch d ton b ni dung file XML ln mn hnh.

nh kiu XML

nh dng file XML bng CSS(Stylesheet).

nh dng file XML bng XSLT.

CSS v XSLT dng nh kiu v bin i

XML hin th d liu pha ngi dng

khng khc g HTML.

Dng DOM, SAX rt trch d liu t file

XML kt hp vi cc th nh dng ca

HTML hin th pha ngi dng.

nh kiu XML

V d: vi file XML nh v d trc, kt hp vi XSLT nh kiu nh sau:

nh kiu XML

V d(tt):

Chao Cac Ban

Chao cac ban den voi the gioi cua XML

nh kiu XML

Hin th ti liu XML trong trnh duyt IE

Trnh duyt XML

InternetExplorer (IE)

Vn l trnh duyt XML mnh nht hin nay.

Cho php dng Javascript lp trnh v truy xut d liu

XML.

Ngoi ra cn h tr c Jscript, Vbscript.

H tr CSS.

Netscape Navigation 6

Phin bn 6.0 h tr XML kh chun.

H tr CSS

H tr cc ngn ng XML m rng.

Trnh son tho XMLWriter

ng dng XML

XML c th to ra tp cc ngn ng con

khc.

ng dng XML mang ngha cho bit mt

tp cc th hay tp con XML hot ng ring

trong mt lnh vc no .

MathML: nh dng cc biu thc, k hiu

ton hc.

CML: Ngn ng nh dng ha hc.

ng dng XML

CDF: khun dng nh ngha knh(Channel

Definition Format).

SMIL: ngn ng tch hp multimedia ng

b.

XHTML: dng m rng v nh ngha li

ngn ng nh dng HTML.

XUL: ngn ng cu hnh giao din ngi

dng

ng dng XML

VML: ngn ng nh dng Vector(Vecter

markyp Language).

WML: Ngn ng nh dng mng khng dy.

SOAP: Giao thc truy cp i tng n

gin(Simple Object Access Protocol)

Kt lun

Tng quan v XML

ng dng m XML t c hin nay.

Lc XML

(XML Schema)

Mc tiu

c v to XML Schema

Lm th no s dng c XML Schema

trong ng dng.

V sao XML Schema mnh hn DTD

Gii thiu

V s phc tp ca khai bo DTD, t chc W3C a ra mt gii php tng qut hn DTD l khai bo v nh ngha cc phn t trong ti liu XML theo lc XML (XML Schema).

kim tra tnh hp l ca ti liu XML bng lc XML Schema, ta dng cc b kim tra c php lc (Schema Checker).

Gii thiu

nh ngha nhng phn t xut hin trong ti liu XML.

nh ngha nhng thuc tnh xut hin trong ti liu.

nh ngha quan h phn t cha con

nh ngha th t cc phn t con

nh ngha s phn t con

nh ngha phn t rng hay cha d liu text

nh ngha kiu d liu ca phn t v thuc tnh

nh ngha gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh v phn t

Ti sao XML s dng XML Schema?

D dng m t ni dung ti liu v dng

chnh c php XML nh ngha

D kim tra tnh hp l ca ti liu

D nh ngha v mt d liu (data facet)

D dng nh ngha d liu mu (data

patterns)

D chuyn i kiu d liu ny sang kiu d

liu khc

V d

Note.xml

Tove

Jani

Reminder

Don't forget me this weekend!

V d (tt)

Note.dtd

V d (tt) Note.xsd

V d (tt)

Ti liu XML c tham chiu file DTD

Tove

Jani

Reminder


V d (tt)

Ti liu XML tham chiu lc XML

Tove

Jani

Reminder


Lc XML Phn t

l phn t gc ca mi lc XML Schema.

...

...

Trong lc XML Schema cha mt vi thuc tnh nh sau:

...

...

Lc XML Phn t

xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema ch

ra cc phn t v kiu d liu dng trong lc t

http://www.w3.org/2001/XML. Ch nh ny bo cho

b kim tra c php lc rng tt c cc phn t

dng trong ti liu XML u c khai bo trong

namespace "http://www.w3schools.com.

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3schools.com

note.xsd"

nh ngha phn t n

Phn t n l phn t ch cha d liu text,

khng cha cc phn t khc hay thuc tnh.

Kiu text trong XML Schema c th l kiu

boolean, string, date

C php nh ngha mt phn t n:

nh ngha phn t n

Trong xxx l tn ca phn t v yyy l kiu d

liu ca phn t.

XML schema xy dng sn nhiu kiu d liu.

Mt vi kiu d liu ph bin:

xs:string

xs:decimal

xs:integer

xs:boolean

xs:date

xs:time

V d

Trong ti liu XML c cc phn t sau:

Refsnes 36

1970-03-27

nh ngha trong XML Schema nh sau:

t gi tr mc nh cho phn t n

Gi tr mc nh:

Dng Default: phn t s c t ng gn gi tr mc nh

nu n khng c gn bi gi tr khc c.

Dng Fixed: gi tr ca phn t s c gn bng gi tr mc

nh v khng thay i.

V d:

To cc kiu d liu n gin

Restriction: dng nh ngha cc gi tr cho phn t hay thuc tnh trong ti liu XML.

Restriction trn gi tr:

V d: mun nh ngha mt phn t tn l AGE v gi tr ca n ch nm t 0 n 120.


Restriction trn mt tp cc gi tr:

V d: nh ngha mt phn t CAR m gi tr ca n nm trong tp cc gi tr sau: BMW, TOYOTA, FORD


Restriction trn mt tp cc gi tr:

Vi v d trn c cch vit tng t:


Restriction trn mt chui cc gi tr:

V d: nh ngha mt phn t LETTER m gi tr ca n ch l mt trong cc k t thng t a n z:



V d: nh ngha mt phn t initials m gi tr ca n l 3 k t ch hoa a n z:



V d: nh ngha mt phn t initials m gi tr ca n l 3 k t ch hoa a n z hoc ch thng t a n z:



V d: nh ngha mt phn t choice m gi tr ca n l 3 k t ch thng t x, y hoc z:



V d: nh ngha mt phn t prodid m gi tr ca n l mt s 5 ch s t 0 n 9:



V d: nh ngha mt phn t letter m gi tr ca n l khng c hoc l mt chui gm nhiu k t thng t a-z:



V d: nh ngha mt phn t letter m gi tr ca n l mt hoc nhiu cp k t m mi cp l mt k t thng km theo mt k t hoa sau n: (sToP, khng c l STOP hay StOp):



V d: nh ngha mt phn t gender m gi tr ca n l mt trong hai gi tr male hoc female:



V d: nh ngha mt phn t password m gi tr ca n bt buc phi l 8 k t, cc k t c th l hoa hoc thng t a n z v ch s t 0 n 9:


Restriction trn chiu di:

V d: nh ngha mt phn t password m gi tr ca n l mt chui 8 k t


Restriction trn chiu di:

V d: nh ngha mt phn t password m gi tr ca n l mt chui >= 5 v

Bi tp

Bi 1:

Mt chng trnh qun l thng tin sinh vin, v im cc mn hc m h ng k lu cc thng tin sau: sinh vin gm m s sinh vin, h tn sinh vin, lp. Mt mn hc m sinh vin ng k hc gm c thng tin m mn hc, tn mn hc, s tn ch, vi mi mn hc m sinh vin ng k hc th s c kt qu cui k chnh l im thi m sinh vin t c trong mn .

Yu cu: nh ngha lc XML Schema vi yu cu nh sau:

Bi tp

MSSV: l mt chui cc k t s c chiu di 7 k

t.

Lp ca sinh vin l mt trong nhng gi tr ca

tp hp gm cc lp {CTK28, CTK28CD, CTK29,

CTK29CD, CTK30, CTK30CD, CTK31,

CTK31CD}.

M mn hc l mt chui 4 k t, hai k t u l

ch ci, hai k t sau l s.

S tn ch ca mn hc >= 1 v =0 v

Bi tp

Bi 4

Mi n hng, ngi ta cn lu cc thng tin

sau: M khch hng, tn khch hng, a ch lin

lc v mt danh sch nhng mt hng ngi

mua. Danh sch mt hng gm c nhiu mt

hng khc nhau, mi mt hng gm nhng thng

tin sau: M mt hng, tn mt hng, s lng,

n gi.

nh ngha XMl Schema vi yu cu nh sau:

Bi tp

MaKH v MaMH: l mt chui 4 k t trong hai

k t u l ch ci, hai k t sau l k s.

DiaChi: l mt chui cc k t vi nh dng nh

sau: bt u phi l s nh, sau n tn ng.

S lng v n gi l kiu s v phi l s

dng.

Bi tp

Bi 5:

Cho cu trc XML lu tr thng tin nhng cun sch

c xut bn theo tng lnh vc. Mi lnh vc c tn v

c th cha c sch xut bn hoc cng c th c nhiu

cun. Mi cun sch c thng tin mt ta duy nht, mt

hay nhiu tc gi, mi tc gi li c thng tin m tc gi,

tn tc gi, a ch, s in thoi vi m tc gi, tn tc gi

l duy nht cho mi ngi, a ch email, s in thoi c

th khng c hoc ch c mt thng tin c nht cho mi

ngi

Hy nh ngha XML Schema.

Bi tp

M sch v m tc gi l mt chui gm 4 k t

trong hai k t u l ch v hai k t sau l

s.

a ch email l mt chui vi nh dng

##@##.##.

S in thoi l mt chui cc k s vi nh dng

sau: MaVung.SoDT
mailto:#@##.##

nh ngha thuc tnh

Mt phn t n gin th khng c thuc tnh.

C php nh ngha thuc tnh:

Trong : xxx l tn thuc tnh

yyy l kiu d liu ca thuc tnh

V d: vi phn t c thuc tnh nh sau:

Smith th nh ngha thuc tnh nh sau:

nh ngha thuc tnh

Cc kiu d liu ca thuc tnh: xs:string

xs:decimal

xs:integer

xs:boolean

xs:date

xs:time

Ch nh rng buc v tr mc nh cho thuc tnh: Required: yu cu thuc tnh phi c v c gn gi tr trong th

Optional: thuc tnh c th c hoc khng

Fixed: gi tr thuc tnh phi uc gn c nh v khng thay i.

Default: nu thuc tnh khng c gn gi tr th gi tr mc nh trong lc s l gi tr ca thuc tnh.

S dng t kha use ch nh rng buc cho thuc tnh.

nh ngha phn t phc tp

Phn t phc tp l phn t cha cc phn t khc

hay cc thuc tnh.

C 4 loi phn t phc tp:

Nhng phn t rng

Phn t cha cc phn t khc

Phn t cha d liu text

Phn t cha c d liu text v c cc phn t

Mi loi phn t ny c th cha nhiu thuc tnh

Mt v d phn t phc

V d phn t rng:

Phn t Employee cha cc phn t khc

John

Smith

Phn t Food ch cha kiu d liu text

Ice cream

Phn t description cha c text v phn t khc

It happened on 03.03.99 ....


V d, vi phn t employee

John

Smith

ta c nh ngha nh sau:


V d, vi phn t employee

John

Smith

ta c th dng thuc tnh tham chiu n phn t khc:

nh ngha phn t phc tp Ta cng c th nh ngha mt phn t phc tp da trn c s mt phn t phc

tp khc c v thm vo mt s phn t.


Phn t rng:

V d 1:

V d 2:

tng t

nh ngha phn t phc tp Phn t cha cc phn t khc:

V d: nh ngha phn t person nh sau:

John

Smith

ta nh ngha nh sau:

Ch : th t th t xut hin ca cc phn t trong ti liu.


nh ngha phn t cha d liu text

V d:

.... ....

hoc

.... ....


nh ngha phn t cha d liu hn hp

V d: ta nh ngha phn t nh sau:

Dear Mr.John Smith.Your order 1032will be shipped on 2001-07-

13.

Khi ta nh ngha nh sau:

Mt s ch nh

Th t:

All: cc phn t con c th xut hin theo th t bt k

Choice: ch nh hoc iu ny xy ra hoc iu khc xy ra

Mt s ch nh

Th t:

Sequence: yu cu cc phn t con xut hin theo ng th t

Ch nh s ln: maxoccur

v d trn ch nh rng child_name xut hin t nht 1 ln v nhiu nht 10 ln

minoccur

Mt s ch nh

Ch nh nhm: c th nh ngha v gom cc phn t li thnh mt nhm. Nhm ging nh biu thc () trong DTD

nh ngha mt nhm ta dng c php sau:

...

V d mun c gi c th va mn sch va mn tp ch, ta gom phn t books v magazines vo thnh mt nhm

Mt s ch nh

Ta c th kt hp all (cc phn t trong nhm phi xut hin ng thi trong ti liu hoc khng xut hin ln no c), choice, sequence khi nh ngha nhm

Mt s ch nh

Ta c th nh ngha mt nhm, v nh ngha nhm khc tham chiu n n

Khng gian tn min (Namespace)

Thuc tnh

xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation

Khi trong lc XMLSchema khng yu cu

namespace. ch nh v tr cho lc

XMLSchema khng dng target namespace.


V d: sinhvien.xsd


V d(tt): sinhvien.xml

0413213

Nguyen Quang Dung


Thuc tnh xsi:SchemaLocation

Thuc tnh ny c dng trong ti liu

XMLSchema c target namespace. Danh

sch anyURI mi phn t l mt cp gm

namesapce v m t v tr ch nh.


V d: sinhvien.xsd


V d(tt): sinhvien.xml

0413113

Nguyen Van Hung

CSS

(Cascading Style sheet)

Gii thiu

CSS vit tt ca Cacasding Style Sheet.

Ch nh cch hin th ca cc phn t HTML.

CSS l mt s t ph trong thit k web bi v:

N cho php ngi pht trin ng dng web kim sot

c kiu v cch b tr nhiu trang web mt lc.

nh ngha mt ln v p dng cho tt c cc trang khc.

Sa mt ln v tt c cc trang t ng cp nht thay i

C php CSS

selector {property: value}

Trong :

selector l tn th hay phn t mun nh ngha.

Property l thuc tnh bn mun thay i.

Value: l gi tr thuc tnh. Nu gi tr c nhiu t th phi

t trong du nhy kp

V d:

body {color: black}

p {font-family: "sans serif"}

C php CSS

Nu c nhiu thuc tnh mun nh ngha th phi phn cch nhau bng du ;

V d: p {text-align:center;color:red}

nh ngha d c c th t cc thuc tnh nh ngha cc dng khc nhau

V d:

P

{

text-align: center;

color: black;

font-family: arial

}

C php CSS

Chng ta c th nh ngha mt nhm cc phn t v phn cch gia cc phn t bng du,

V d:

h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6

{

color: green

}

nh ngha lp: dng nh ngha kiu khc nhau cho cng mt th

V d:p.right {text-align: right}

p.center {text-align: center}

Trong ti liu HTML s dng thuc tnh nh sau:

This paragraph will be right-aligned.

This paragraph will be center-aligned.

C php CSS

Ta c th p dng mt hoc nhiu lp vo trong mt phn t

V d:

This is a paragraph.
lp center v lp bold cng c p dng cho phn t p
Chng ta cng c th nh ngha lp dng cho mi phn t C php: .tenlop {cc nh ngha}

V d:

.center {text-align: center}

p dng lp center vo cho cc th, v d

This heading will be center-aligned

This paragraph will also be center-aligned.

C php CSS

C th p dng kiu cho phn t c gi tr thuc tnh tha mt gi tr c th no .

V d:

Input[type="text"] {background-color: blue}

v d trn p dng kiu cho phn t Input vi gi tr thuc tnh type phi bng text

C th nh ngha kiu cho phn t bng nh danh

v d:

#green {color: green}

p#para1{text-align: center;color: red}

C php CSS

Ch thch: dng du /* v */ ch thch trong CSS.

/* This is a comment */

p

{

text-align: center;

/* This is another comment */

color: black;

font-family: arial

}

S dng CSS nh th no?

V d1:

This header is 36 pt

This header is blue

This paragraph has a left margin of 50 pixels

S dng CSS nh th no?

V d 1(tt): file ex1.css

body { background-color: yellow }

h1 { font-size: 36pt }

h2 { color: blue }

p { margin-left: 50px }

Hin th:

S dng CSS nh th no

V d 2 (tt):

S dng CSS nh th no? V d 2 (tt): file ex2.css

body {background-color: tan}

h1 {color:maroon; font-size:20pt}

hr {color:navy}

p {font-size:11pt; margin-left: 15px}

a:link {color:green}

a:visited {color:yellow}

a:hover {color:black}

a:active {color:blue}

Hin th:

S dng CSS nh th no?

Khi trnh duyt c mt sheet style, n s nh dng ti liu theo style sheet . C 3 cch a style sheet vo ti liu: Style sheet ngoi: dng khi mun p dng kiu cho nhiu

trang. Mi trang mun link n style sheet th phi dng th

V d:

S dng CSS nh th no?

Style sheet ni: nn s dng khi ch kiu ch dng cho mt trang ring. nh ngha style sheet ni trong th

V d:

hr {color: sienna}

p {margin-left: 20px}

body {background-image: url("images/back40.gif")}

S dng CSS nh th no? Inline style: dng inline style s mt mt s li ch ca style sheet bi v n kt hp ni dung vi

trnh din.

This is a paragraph

Multiple style sheet: c mt vi thuc tnh c t cng tn nhng khc style sheet, gi tr s k tha t nhiu style sheet ch nh.

style sheet ngoi nh ngha h3 nh sau:

h3

{

color: red;

text-align: left;

font-size: 8pt

}

v style sheet ni nh ngha h3 nh sau:

h3

{

text-align: right;

font-size: 20pt

}

Khi trang c style sheet ni trn nu dng style sheet ngoi th kt qu l

color: red;

text-align: right;

font-size: 20pt

CSS Background

Thuc tnh CSS backgound cho php bn iu chnh c mu nn ca mt phn t, cho php t hnh lm nn, t lp li nhiu ln hnh theo chiu ngang hay dc lm nn, t v tr ca hnh trong trang.

Thuc tnh M t Gi tr

Background A shorthand property for

setting all background

properties in one declaration

background-color

background-image

background-repeat

background-attachment

background-position

background-repeat Sets if/how a background

image will be repeated

repeat

repeat-x

repeat-y

no-repeat

Background-attachment Sets whether a background

image is fixed or scrolls with

the rest of the page

scroll

fixed
http://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_background.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_background-repeat.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_background-attachment.asp

CSS BackGround

background-color Sets the background color of an

element

color-rgb

color-hex

color-name

transparent

background-image Sets an image as the background url(URL)

none

background-position Sets the starting position of a

background image

top left

top center

top right

center left

center center

center right

bottom left

bottom center

bottom right

x% y%

xpos ypos
http://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_background-color.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_background-image.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_background-position.asp

CSS Text CSS Text nh ngha cho s xut hin ca Text

CSS Text cho php bn iu khin s xut hin ca text, t

mu, tng gim khong cch gia cc k t, cn l,

CSS Text

CSS Font

CSS Font nh dng font cho text

CSS Font

CSS Border CSS Border: nh ngha ng vin xung quanh phn t.

Cc thuc tnh trong CSS Border cho php nh ngha kiu v mu

ca ng vin bao quanh phn t.

CSS Border

CSS Borber

CSS Border

CSS Margin CSS Margin nh ngha khong cch (l) xung quanh phn t

CSS Margin

CSS Padding

CSS Padding: nh ngha khong cch gia border v ni dung.

CSS List CSS List: cho php t mt danh sch, thay mt danh

sch khc, t hnh cho danh sch

CSS List

nh dng ti liu XML

dng bng nh kiu (CSS)

V d

Ta c mt file data.xml nh sau:

Gio trnh XML

Nguyn Thin Bng

Cho mng cc bn n vi XML. XML l mt ngn ng dng qun l d liu hnh thc ngn gn, d dng cho vic qun

l.

Thut ng nh du ni n cc m hay cc du hiu bn a vo mt ti liu ch ra cch hin th d liu cho ti liu .

V d

Dng trnh duyt hin th ti liu data.xml:

Gii thiu CSS

CSS c chun ha bi W3C, c 3 cp

CSS c sn: CSS1, CSS2, CSS3. CSS1 c

tt c nhng g cn cho hin th ti liu XML.

Cc trnh duyt IE h tr rt tt cho CSS1.

CSS ch yu dng bng nh kiu. Bng nh

kiu l tp hp cc quy tc v kiu ch ra cc

nh dng phn t.

Gii thiu

V d: ch ra quy tc cho phn t l

ch m, c ch 36, canh gia ta nh ngha

CSS nh sau:

title {display:block; font-size: 36pt; font-

weight: bold; text-align: center;}

Trong : title c gi l b chn. Dislpay,

font-size, font-weight,text-align l thuc tnh

CSS

Gii thiu To bng nh kiu cho v d trn nh sau:

title

{

display:block;

font-size: 36pt;

font-weight: bold;

text-align:center;

}

author

{

display:block;

font-size:16pt;

text-align:center;

text-decoration:underline

}

paragraph

{

display:block;

margin-top:10

}

Gii thiu

Hin th trn trnh duyt v d trn khi kt hp vi bng nh kiu CSS:

Kt hp CSS vi ti liu XML

C hai cch a CSS vo ti liu HTML: dng bng nh kiu chung vi ti liu HTML hoc dng bng nh kiu lu thnh mt file ring bit vi HTML.

Vi XML th ch c mt cch a CSS vo ti liu l lu thnh tp tin ring v a vo ti liu XML ch th x l nh sau:

V d trc,ch th x l trong ti liu XML l:

To b chn cho bng nh kiu

Quy tc to b: ch ra phn t no mun nh dng bn dng b chn trong

bng nh kiu CSS. B chn c tn l tn phn t bn mun nh kiu.

V d: c t title nh sau:

title { display:block; font-size: 36pt; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;}

Nu cc phn t c cng c t ging nhau, bn c th nhm chng li v phn cch bng du ,.

V d: gi s title v book c cng c t

title, book { display:block; font-size: 36pt; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;}


To lp nh kiu: C th khng cn ch ra tn phn t hoc cc phn t theo

th t to b chn. Thay vo bn dng nh ngha lp nh kiu. To lp bng cch c du . trc tn lp.

V d: trong file data.css, ta nh ngha lp standout nh sau:

.standout { color:cyan; background-color: coral}

p dng lp vo trong phn t title ca ti liu data.xml nh sau:

Gio trnh XML

Kt qu khi duyt:


nh dng bng ID: ngoi cch to lp nh kiu ta

cn c th chn phn t cn nh dng bng nh

danh ID v s dng gi tr ID cho phn t.

C php: elementName#idValue

V d: trong v d trn, trong file data.css ta nh ngha

paragraph nh sau:

paragraph#first{text-indent:40; margin-top: 30}

trong ti liu data.xml ta sa nhsau:

..

Trn Nguyn Ngc

ng dng c tin nhanh

s dng RSS

Trn Nguyn Ngc

Gii thiu

RSS l g?

RSS l mt nh dng tp tin thuc h XML (ngn

ng nh du m rng, mt chun dng m t

d liu)

c dng trong vic chia s tin tc Web

(Web syndication) c dng bi nhiu

website tin tc v nht k trc tuyn

Trn Nguyn Ngc

M hnh hot ng

Web pagesRSS file

Chy ng

dng c

RSS

Trn Nguyn Ngc

V d

CNN.com

Trn Nguyn Ngc

V d

Vnexpress.net

Trn Nguyn Ngc

Chng trnh minh ha

Trn Nguyn Ngc

Cu trc file RSS

Trn Nguyn Ngc

Version Control System

Ti liu gc

ver1 ver2 ver3 vern

del1 del2 Deln-1

..

Trn Nguyn Ngc

Version Control System

p dng vo cc h thng a ngi dng:

Cc ng dng qun tr ni dung.

Cc ng dng qun l ti liu in t.

Cc ng dng cn c s thay i cu trc

thng xuyn.

Trn Nguyn Ngc

SCORM

Tp cc chun v c t c xy dng nhm cung cp cc quy tc chun ha cho vic trin khai vic dy v hc tp qua mng.

Cc thnh phn ca

Manifest :

Meta-data : Siu d liu

m t v gi ni dung

Organization : m t cu

trc ni dung hoc t chc

cc ti nguyn hc tp

Resources: nh ngha cc

ti nguyn hc tp c

gp vo trong gi ni dung.

Trn Nguyn Ngc

Visualization

Visualization l mt k thut biu din thng

tin mt cch trc quan sinh ng. D liu

c biu din dng XML.


Introduction to The Semantic WEB


Thng tin v internet

World Wide Web (WWW) l mi trng ttcho vic biu din v truy cp thng tin dngs.

Thng tin trn WWW c biu din ch yu di dng ngn ng t nhin (cctrang Web trn ngn ng HTML).

My tnh v ngi hiu khc nhau!

Mong mun: machine-readable & machine analysis


Bi ton tm kim thng tinInformation Retrieval

Information retrieval (IR) l qu trnh tm kim dliu (thng l tm didng mt on vn bn) t mt tp hp ln cci tng khng c cutrc tng minh (thngl text lu tr trong mytnh) nhm p ng mtnhu cu v thng tin


Cng c tm kim trc tuyn


Thc cht google lm g?

Gi i mt yu cu (query) nh sau

http://www.google.com.vn/#sclient=psy-ab&hl=vi&source=hp&q=seantic+web+l%C3%A0+gi%3F&pbx=1&oq=seantic+web+l%C3%A0+gi%3F&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=910l13129l0l14005l24l20l3l0l0l1l827l4892l0.13.3.2.0.1.1l23l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=2b8791cc67af876b&biw=1280&bih=683


Hin nay lm th no my tnh hiuyu cu?

Boolean retrieval: thit k v cu trc d liucho mt h thng thu thp thng tin n gin

Quy trnh Hot ng:

1. Xy dng Boolean model, m hnh logic dng thu thp thng tin.

2. Biu din yu cu di dng biu thc logic

3. Search engine tr v tt c cc ti liu thamn biu thc logic

Kho d liu khng l

Vi 1M ti liu vn bn lu tr, mi vn bn ckhong 1000 t tch ri

Suy ra: tng s 1 t t tch ri (tnh c trngnhau)

Trung bnh k|h|o||n|g| 6 bytes cho mt ttch ri ra (tnh c du cch du biu cm)

Suy ra kho d liu khong 6GB Gi s ch c khong 500K t -> cn lp bng

thng k vi s lng: 500000*1000000=5*10^11

Search engine

Vn cu trc d liu text

HTML (Hyper text markup language)

XML (Extensible Markup language)

SIML (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) http://www.w3.org/Audio

HTML

HTML l ch vit tt ca Hyper Text Markup Language (Ngn ng hin thsiu vn bn).

- Mt file HTML l mt file text bao gm nhng tag nh - Nhng tag hin th ni cho trnh duyt bit n phi hin th trang nh

th no - Mt file HTML phi c phn m rng l .htm hoc .html - Mt file HTML c th c to bi mt trnh son tho n gin.

y l on vn

y l mt on vn khc
Vn ca HTML l n c thit k nh trong ngh ca con ngi. Cho
d thng tin trn HTML khng c th hin trn mt trnh duyt thchng ta vn on bit

Con ngi chng ta u c tr thng minh hiu c ngha v mcch ca hu ht cc vn bn. Tuy nhin mt c my li khng nh th. Khicc th trong ti liu ny ch cho mt trnh duyt cch th hin thng tin, th bn thn cc th li khng ch cho trnh duyt thng tin l g

XML

Lp XML Extensible Markup Language l mt mrng ca ngn ng nh du cho cc cc cu trcti liu bt k

I just got a new pet dog.

I

just got a new pet

dog.

Web c ng ngha

Ngi sng lp: Tim Berners_Lee gim c tchc World Wide Web Consortium (http://www.w3c.org)

http://www.w3c.org/http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/

nh ngha ca Tim Berners Lee

Semantic web nh mt s m rng ca web hin ti m trong thng tin c x l mtcch t ng bng my tnh, lm cho my tnhv con ngi c th hp tc vi nhau.


Semantic l g?

Ti yu em = Tui iu iem = I love you = Ti iuem= Anh yu em = Em yu anh =


CU TRC


CHI TIT

Tng Unicode & URI: Nhm m bo vic s dng tpk t quc t v cung cp phng tin nhm nh danhcc i tng trong Semantic Web.

Tng XML, Namespace & XMLSchema: Tng ny bom rng chng ta c th tch hp cc nh nghaSemantic Web vi cc chun da trn XML khc.

Tng RDF & RDFSchema [RDFS]: Tng ny dng siu dliu m t ti liu trn web m my tnh c th hiuc. y cng l lp m chng ta c th gn cc kiucho cc ti nguyn v lin kt. V cng l lp quantrng nht trong Semantic Web.


CHI TIT Tng Ontology : cung cp t vng chung cho vic

trao i thng tin gia cc ng dng v dch v Web.

Lp Digital Signature: Lp ny c dng cho cctng( tng RDF RSFS, Ontonogy, Logic, Proof) cdng xc nh ch th ca ti liu, nhm m bo tin cy ca ti.

Tng Logic: Tng logic c xem nh l mt c s luttrn Semantic Web.

Tng Proof: dng chng minh cc suy din ca hthng bng cch lin kt cc d kin.

Tng Trust: Trust engine l mt h thng ang angc xy dng da trn nn tng ca ch k in t.


C WEB NG NGHA CN G?

Ontology v cc ngn ng dng biu din ng ngha thng tin.

Cc cng c to nn phn ng ngha cng nh cu trc h tng caWeb c ng ngha.

Cc ng dng s dng Web c ngngha.


SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES V WEB SERVICES


T HC

Nghe bi ging trn youtube

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhgUDGtT2EM&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhgUDGtT2EM&feature=related

RDF n tp & thc hnh


RDF

RDF = Resource Description Framework

http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/

Triples : Subject Predicate Object

Graph model


V d


Resources

URI

Qualified names

rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#

rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#

dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/

Literals


Cc k hiu: hnh oval, ch nht


Blank nodes

exstaff:85740 my:hasAddress _:a1 . _:a1 my:street "Malostranske nam. 25" . _:a1 my:city "Prague" . _:a1 my:zipCode "11800"


RDF/XML ObjectLiteral


Biu din nt trng (blank nodes)


Containers

Dng biu din nhm cc ngun tin hock t din gii ni dung.

rdf:Bag, rdf:Seq, rdf:Alt


Collections


Tm tt cc dng c bn

rdf:type

rdf:Bag, rdf:Seq, rdf:Alt, rdf:_1,

rdf:List, rdf:first, rdf:rest, rdf:nil

rdf:Statement, rdf:subject, rdf:predicate, rdf:object


RDFa Resource Description Framework in attributes Chuyn RDF vo XHTML pages RDF2RDFa Converter RDFa Developer : rdfadev.sourceforge.net/

http://rdfadev.sourceforge.net/

Video lectures

The Semantic Web - An overview


Thc hnh

Thit k RDF graph biu din cc thng tin vsinh vin v cc mi quan h vi gio vin, mn hc

To file RDF

Nghin cu chuyn i RDF->RDFa

Tm hiu RDFa Developer Tool



Khung m t d liu RDF


Ni dung chnh

Nhc li m hnh cu trc web ng ngha

D liu lin kt

Khi nim khung m t d liu RDF

tng xy dng RDF da trn nn tng XML


Nhc li


D liu lin kt - Linked Data

Web ng ngha khng ch n thun a dliu ln web, vn quan trng cn l a racc ng link my hoc con ngi c thtip tc tm kim, truy cp d liu.

D liu lin kt gip m rng phm vi tmkim

Links cn c hiu ngha rng


Cch thc pht trin d liu lin kt

S dng URIs thay cho tn gi

S dng HTTP URIs con ngi c th tracu tn

Khi tm kim mt URI cn cung cp y thm cc thng tin hu ch thng qua ccchun (RDF, SPARQL)

Cho thm ng dn vo cc URIs c thpht hin thm thng tin


4 nguyn l nn tng

Tim Berners- Lee tm tt 4 nguyn l nn tng cho hot ng ca d liu lin kt trong bi vit Design Issues: Linked Data (2006):

- S dng cc URIs xc nh, t tn cc thc th- S dng giao thc HTTP URI con ngi c th tm kim, duyt chng- Cung cp thng tin hu ch ( siu d liu, m t c cu trc) v cc thc th c t tn khi URI ca chng c duyt- Cha cc lin kt n cc URIs khc lin quan trong d liu va c duyt gip c th duyt cc thng tin khc lin quan.


Web look-up

Cch n gin nht l trong mt file thng tin vi tng ny s dng URI tr ti i tng khc(kiu danh sch lin kt)

V d trong http://example.org/smith C thng tin

Bin th - Bn ca bn

Friend-Of-A-Friend (foaf)

foaf:knows [foaf:mbox ;rdfs:seeAlso ].

c l: Ti bit ngi c email [email protected], cn chi tit thng tin cth xem ti a chhttp://example.com/foaf/joe

http://foaf-project.org/mailto:[email protected]://example.com/foaf/joe

Cc chun cho d liu lin kt

RDF, RDFa, RDF/XML, N3, Turtle

RDF - Resource Description Framework, nh dng d liu cho php m t thc th, ti nguyn v quan h ni ti gia chng bng b ba i tng thuc tnh gi tr ( subject predicate object).

RDFa (RDF in attributes) b sung tp cc thuc tnh m rng cho XHTML nhng siu d liu trong vn bn web.

N3 (Notation3): c php phi XML ca RDF, c thit k d c hn so vi cc ch thch RDF/XML.

Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language) nh dng tun t ha cho cc th RDF, tp con ca N3.


RDF & RDFShttp://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/


RDF = Resource Description Framework a ch tham kho : http://www.w3.org/RDF RDF - graphical formalism ( + XML syntax +

semantics) Dng biu din metadata M t ng ngha ca thng tin theo cch my tnh c

th hiu

RDFS = RDF + schema vocabulary, v d: Class, Property type, subClassOf, subPropertyOf range, domain

V d v RDF

Tran Nguyen Ngoc

Dr.


Minh ha v hot ng RDF


M hnh c bn ca RDF

Ti nguyn (Resources): l tt c nhng gc m t bng biu thc RDF.

Thuc tnh (Properties): thuc tnh, c tnh, hoc quan h dng m t tnh cht ca tinguyn.

Tuyn b /pht biu(Statements)


Ti nguyn Resources?

Tt c mi i tng c m t bi RDF u coi l tinguyn, v d: ngi, sch,ni dung trang web, ccphn t XML, cc i tng c th lin kt t trangweb ti

Ti nguyn c nh danh bi Uniform Resource Identifiers(URI) - chui k t c sp xp theo mt cphp nht nh nhn dng cc ti nguyn trn web (gm ti liu, hnh nh, tp tin, dch v, hp th int, v.v.)

Hnh thc ph bin nht ca URI l URL (Uniform Resource Locator), gip cc chng trnh c th truycp n a ch ca cc ti nguyn mt cch n gin.


Thuc tnh

L cc du hiu, c im ca ti nguyn

Dng m t ti nguyn: (bi ht) c biudin bi; (c gi) hai mi tui;

Thuc tnh cng c th c nh danh bicc URIs


Statements

Nhm mc ch khng nh thuc tnh ca tinguyn

Cu trc mt pht biu bao gm

Subject (i tng): chnh l ti nguyn

Predicate (thuc tnh): l thuc tnh ca tinguyn

Object (gi tr) :l gi tr ca thuc tnh ca tinguyn


V d v mt pht biu

Trn Nguyn Ngc ging dy Cng ngh XML v Web ng ngha.


Subject (Resource) Cng ngh XML v Web ngngha

Predicate (Property) ging dy

Object (Literal) Trn Nguyn Ngc

Cng ngh XML v Web ng

ngha

Trn Nguyn Ngcging dy

Ba cch biu din mt Pht biu

Dng b ba (RDF triple) SPO (Subject, Predicate, Object )

Dng th (RDF graph): Cc node trong th c th l cc subject v object , cung (arc) trong thi l cc predicate. Cung lun bt u t subject n object

Dng XML code


V d: v lin kt cc mnh

Trn Nguyn Ngc dy mn Semantic Web

Trn Nguyn Ngc lm vic ti HVKTQS

Semantic Web l mn hc chuyn ngnhKHMT

Trn Nguyn Ngc c cp bc i y


Cu trc file RDF/XML

M hnh RDF th hin mt m hnh mc tru tng nhngha metadata (d liu v d liu).

August 16,1999


Cu trc c bn [1] RDF ::= [''] description* ['']

[2] description ::= '' propertyElt* '' [3] idAboutAttr ::= idAttr | aboutAttr [4] aboutAttr ::= 'about="' URI-reference '"' [5] idAttr ::= 'ID="' IDsymbol '"' [6] propertyElt ::= '' value ''| '' [7] propName ::= Qname [8] value ::= description | string [9] resourceAttr ::= 'resource="'tham chiu URI'"' [10] Qname ::= [ NSprefix ':' ] name [11] URI-reference ::= string, interpreted per [URI] [12] IDsymbol ::= (bt k ID no hp l no ca XML) [13] name ::= (bt k tn hp l no ca XML) [14] NSprefix ::= (bt k tip u ng namespace hp l no) [15] string ::= (bt k chui no)


Khi nim namespace v qualified name

Namespace l mt tp cc tn, c nh danh bi cc URI, c s dng trong cc ti liu XML nh cc element type v attribute name. Mt namespace c khai bo s dng mt tp cc thuc tnh c c nh ngha. Tn ca mt thuc tnh phi c xmlns hay xmlns: nh l mt tip u ng.

Qualified name (QName) bao gm mt tip u ng c gn trc bi mt URI theo sau l du : v tn cc b.


V d khai bo Qname

QName::= (Prefix ':')? LocalPartPrefix::= NCNameLocalPart::= NCName


Th rdf:RDF

Cho bit rng ni dung XML tip theo dng m t RDF. T kha ny xc nh ti liu nyc biu din di dng RDF.

Tip theo l phn khai bo XML namespace c s dng trong ti liu, ty vo nhu cuv mc s dng m ta c th dng ccnamespace khc nhau cho tng ti liu.


Th rdf:Description v rdf:about

M t subject ca pht biu

Th bt u rdf:Description cho bit bt um t v resource, v tip tc nh danhresource ny dng thuc tnh rdf:about chra URI ca subject resource.


RDF container


RDF collection
