CN - II - EX-1 - NOS INTRO

8/3/2019 CN - II - EX-1 - NOS INTRO

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INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK

OPERATING

SYSTEMS

(NOS)Characteristics of a Network

Operating System

Assignment Topics:

Windows - OS

Linux OS


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OVERVIEW OF NOS CHARACTERISTICS

Network operating systems (NOSs)distribute their functions over anumber of networked computers.

It allow access to sharedresources by a number of usersconcurrently.

Client systems contain specialized

software that allows them torequest shared resources that arecontrolled by server systems

responding to a client request.


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CHARACTERISTICS OFANOS


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CHARACTERISTICS OFANOS


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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PC AND A NOS

The NOS enhances the reach of theclient PC by making remote servicesavailable as extensions of the localnative operating system.

Although a number of users may haveaccounts on a PC, only a single accountis active on the system at any given time.

NOS supports multiple user accounts atthe same time and enables concurrentaccess to shared resources by multipleclients.


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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PC AND A NOS


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MULTIUSER, MULTITASKING, AND

MULTIPROCESSORSYSTEMS

A NOS server is a multitasking system.Internally, the OS must be capable of executingmultiple tasks or processes at the same time.

Some systems are equipped with more than oneprocessor, called multiprocessing systems.

They are capable of executing multiple tasksin parallel by assigning each task to a different

processor.The aggregate amount of work that the server

can perform in a given time is greatly enhancedin multiprocessor systems.


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MULTIUSER, MULTITASKING, AND

MULTIPROCESSORSYSTEMS


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NOS SERVERHARDWARE

NOS servers are large systems with

additional memory to supportmultiple tasks that are all active, orresident, in memory at the same time.

Additional disk space is also required

on servers to hold shared files and tofunction as an extension to the internalmemory on the system.

Because a NOS depends on thecontinuous operation of its servers, theextra hardware components justify theadditional expense.


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CHOOSING A NOS

The main features to considerwhen selecting a NOS include:

Performance

Management and monitoring tools

Security

ScalabilityRobustness/fault tolerance


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CHOOSING A NOS


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TYPES OF NOS

Popular NOS families.

Many networks nowinclude more than oneserver type, and

knowing how to getthese diverse systemsto interoperate is animportant skill for a

network administrator.Operating systems on

the network have theirown language.


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ASSIGNMENT TOPICS

WINDOWS - OS

LINUX - OS


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WINDOWS TERMINOLOGY

Windows server-basednetworks that run Windows NTServer or Windows 2000 Serverare based on the concept of thedomain.

A domain is a group ofcomputers and users thatserves as a boundary ofadministrative authority.

Windows NT domains andWindows 2000 domains,although similar in function,interact with one anotherdifferently.


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WINDOWSNT 4.0

The Domain Structure ofWindows NT was entirelydifferent from the DomainStructure in Windows 2000.

Instead of Active Directory,

Windows NT provides anadministrative tool called theUser Manager for Domains.

It is accessed from the domaincontroller and is used to create,

manage, and remove domainuser accounts.


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WINDOWSNT 4.0

Each NT domain requires one Primary Domain

Controller (PDC).

This is a "master" server that contains the Security

Accounts Management Database (SAM).

A domain can also have one or more Backup Domain

Controllers (BDCs), each of which contains a read-

only copy of the SAM.

The SAM is what controls the authentication process

when a user logs onto the domain.


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WINDOWS 2000 AND XP OPERATING SYSTEM

The offline folders feature enables usersto copy and synchronize documents from

the network to the local system so that

they can be accessed when the computer

is not connected to the network.

The Internet Printing Protocol (IPP)

enables users to print to a URL andmanage printers through a web browser

interface.

Built-in disk defragmenters and other

tools and utilities help users maintain

and manage the operating system.

It supports Kerberos security (developing

standard for authenticating network

users), and the features of a Windows

2000 domain as an Active Directory

client.


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WINDOWS 2000 AND XP OPERATING SYSTEM

XP also offers: More extensive hardware and driver support.

More user-friendly file-sharing and network

configuration for setting up home networks. Enhanced wireless network features

Increased security

Remote Desktop control

Overall improvements to the GUI,

including the welcome screen additions,start menu improvements.

Enhanced multimedia support for digital video,audio, and pictures.


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WINDOWS 2000 AND 2003 FAMILY OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

The Windows 2000 family of operating

systems includes:

y Windows 2000 Professional

y Windows 2000 Server

y Windows 2000 Advanced Server

The specific needs of the network willdetermine the best version ofWindows 2000

for the installation.

The Windows 2003 family of operating

systems includes:

y Standard Edition

y Enterprise

Edition

y Datacenter Edition

y Web Edition

y Small Business Server Edition

2003 Server release is the available support

for 64-bit systems in order to compete in the

enterprise level server arena.


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LINUX


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HISTORY OF LINUX

Linux is an operating system similar to UNIX. Itruns on many different computers and was firstreleased in 1991.

Linux is portable, which means versions can befound running on name brand or clone PCs.

Linux offers many features adopted from otherversions of UNIX.


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WHAT IS UNIX?

The UNIX NOS wasdeveloped in 1969, and it hasevolved into many varieties.

The source code is opened,that is, available at no cost toanyone who wants to modifyit.

It is written in Cprogramming language sobusinesses, academicinstitutions, and evenindividuals can develop theirown versions.

There are hundreds ofdifferent versions of UNIX.


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LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

Linux is sometimes referred to as "UNIX Lite", andit is designed to run on Intel-compatible PCs.

However, Linux will run on other machines as well.

Linux brings the advantages of UNIX to home andsmall business computers.

The following are a few of the most popular types:y Red Hat Linux

y Linux Mandrake

y Caldera eDesktop and eServer

y Debian GNU/Linux

y Corel Linux

y Turbo Linux


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LINUX CLIENTS

Windows clients canaccess Linux serverswithout client software ifthe UNIX servers runSamba, which is a

program that uses theServer Message Block(SMB) application layerprotocol.

Windows computers useSMB for file access acrossthe network.

Samba permits them tosee the Linux file system.


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DETERMINING SOFTWARE

REQUIREMENTS FOR A LINUXNOS


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WORKSTATION SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMS

The XWindow System iswhat comprises the LinuxGUI environment.

Corels WordPerfect andSun StarOffice are the top

two office suites capable ofrunning on Linux.

There also single packagesrather than full office suitsthat come shipped with

Linux and some areinstalled by default duringthe installation process.

Some examples of these areLyX and AbiWord.


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WORKSTATION SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMS

Some of the popular audio

and visual programs

available for Linux include

tools for viewing and

editing graphics like XVand GIMP.


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SERVERSOFTWARE AND PROGRAMS

A popular use of a Linux system is a web server.

Web server software uses Hypertext TransferProtocol (HTTP) to deliver files to users thatrequest them, using a web browser from theirworkstation.

A Mail Server is a system that is configured withthe proper programs and services that enablehandling the exchange of e-mail sent from oneclient to another.

The Linux operating system provides file server

either in a Linux environment or in a cross-platform environment consisting ofWindows,Macintosh, UNIX, or OS/2 workstation.


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ADDITIONAL SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMS

There are some programs andsoftware that are essential toadd to a Linux systemregardless of whether it isconfigured as a workstationor a server.

Text editors are essential forperforming any type ofmaintenance tasks that auser or an administrator mayneed to do.

Some examples of text editorsavailable in Linux are vi, jed,pico, or Emacs.


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ADDITIONAL SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMS Programming tools are helpful Linux servers as well to

specific users at workstations if they are programmers.

These programming tools are also referred to as compilersor interpreters.

A complier converts the program source code, which is

written by the programmer into binary form the computercan read.

Common scripting languages include Javascript, Python,and Perl.

Every Linux system relies on a library called the C library

(libc). Linux systems rely on the C library for the routinesthat are necessary for C programs to run in Linux.


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VERIFYING SOFTWARE COMPATIBILITY

When installing a package, the first step should be

to always check and make sure that the operating

system supports the package.

Generally, any Linux software and package can be

installed on any UNIX-like operating system. Check CPU requirements, library requirements,

and development tools.

CN - II - EX-1 - NOS INTRO

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