CMS ESL Praxis PrepApproaches and Strategies

Some Common ESL Approaches

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

Content-based Instruction

Cooperative (Collaborative) Learning

Multiple Intelligences

Natural Approach

Task-based language teaching

Whole Language Approach

What is an approach?

1.learning theories2.theoretical and philosophical

foundations3.principles used for the development

of methods and strategies

Some Common ESL MethodsAudiolingual

Direct Method

Grammar Translation

Silent Way

Suggestopedia

Total Physical Response (TPR)

Teaching Method

• the actual implementation of the learning theories

Teaching Strategy

• specific techniques and activities to implement a methodo graphic organizerso interviewso K-W-L chartso think, pair, share

What theories have shaped ESL teaching?1.Behaviorism2.Contrastive analysis (first language

interference- prediction of errors in L2=second language)

3.Error Analysis (CA, improved to include developmental language features)

4.Cognitive-Generative-Transformational (Piaget, Lenneberg, Chomsky; language acquisition device= LAD)

What other theories have shaped ESL teaching?• Critical period hypothesis (Chomsky,

Lenneberg)= once lateralization of brain occurs (in puberty) L2 acquisition becomes more difficult• Humanistic psychology= a reaction

to behaviorism (Mazlow, Rogers' student-centered approach)