Clusters and Cluster Policy in Europe Orjan Solvell
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Transcript of Clusters and Cluster Policy in Europe Orjan Solvell
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Clusters and Cluster Policy inEurope
Lisbon 2010: Challenges for EuropeanRegional Innovation Strategies
Pamplona 20-21 November 2008
Professor Örjan Sölvell
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1.EU and Cluster Policy
2.Science – Innovation – Clusters
33.The European Cluster Observatorry
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http://europa.eu/index_en.htm
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http://europa.eu/index_en.htm
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“The most dynamic and competitiveknowledge-
based economy in the world capable of
sustainable economic growth with moreand
better jobs and greater social cohesion,and
The Lisbon Strategy
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Competitiveness
Enterprise &Industry
Clusters
EU and Clusters – Three PolicyAreas
Competitiveness
Regions
Clusters
Competitiveness
Research
Clusters
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Critical Parts of the Lisbon Strategy:
•Research (ERA, 3% of GDP 2010, FP 7,European Research Council)
•Intellectual Property (EU Patent)•Competition (Internal market)•Public-private cooperation (European TechnologyPlatforms)•Innovation (EIT, Lead market, CIP)•Supporting SMEs
EU and Lisbon StrategyCompetitiveness
Innovation
Clusters
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First meeting by DG Enterprise in Luxembourg in2003 – Focus on clusters
Several studies around the time of accession of EU-10 countries: Phase I = map clusters of EasternEurope, 2004/2005
Competitiveness
Innovation
Clusters
EEU and Clusters2003-
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22.4. Promoting cooperation between stakeholdersBeing part of a cluster is an important competitive strength forbusiness. Clusters help toclose the gap between business, research and resources,thereby bringing knowledge faster tothe market. Successful clusters promote intense competitionalong with co-operation. Theyenhance productivity, attract investment, promote research,strengthen the industrial base, anddevelop specific products or services and become a focus fordeveloping skills. World-classclusters attract brilliant minds that sustain innovation – SiliconValley is the best-known example.
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSIONTO THE COUNCIL, THEEUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEANECONOMIC AND SOCIALCOMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THEREGIONS
Putting knowledge into practice: A broad-based innovation strategy for the EU
Innovation Strategy2006
Innovation + Clusters = True
The Aho Report
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Database part of Europe INNOVA/PROINNO/Cluster Alliance: Phase II = EuropeanCluster Observatory, 2007
Stockholm January 2008 (Chair:Slovenia/Sweden)
Sophia Antipolis November 2008 (Chair France)
Need for better informed policies – number ofcluster programs and cluster initiatives growingrapidly - European Cluster Memorandum 4 x 5Principles, 2008
New call in 20099-2012 under CIP: Phase III
EU and Clusters 2008CCentral to Lisbon Strategy
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• Europe is not narrowing the innovationgap to the U.S.
• Innovation takes place in clusters.• Europe can build world-class clusters
througha) pushing the internal market,b) strengthening the generalenvironment for research andinnovationc) strengthen cluster programs andinitiativesd) and forming European-wideprograms for transnational clusterinteraction.
• Many EU initiatives have beenlaunched:DG Enterprise, DG Science, DG Regio,and
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• Now we need an innovationand cluster strategy!
• We need better and deeperinformation through theCluster Observatory!
• And we need a Europeanhigh-level Advisory andMonitoring Group forInnovation and Clusters!
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CCluster policy group
-AAround 20 peoplePolicy, industry, experts
-SSecretariat
EEuropean Cluster Observatory-NNew data and analysis-PPlatform for SMEs
CCluster Academy-Training of cluster
managers-Cert i f icat ion
CCluster Networks-EEnergy-EECO-innovation-BBiotech
EEuropean Cluster Alliance-IINNO-Net-TThink tank
-PPolicy learning-CContinue to promote the Memorandum
EU (DG Entr) and Clusters2009-
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Cluster Construction – TopDown
EU
Nations
Regions
Local Communities
The EU RoleThe EU RolePolicy forClusters1. Single Market2. Trade3. Competition4. Science5. InnovationCluster Policy1. Inspire clusterinitiatives2. Fact-basedpolicy/evaluation3. Cluster networking4. Cluster managertraining5. Policy learning
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Cluster Construction – Bottom-upOrganic Clusters Planned Cluster
Public bodies
Industry
Research andEducationOrg. for
collaboration
Clusterinitiatives
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Cluster Initiatives
IIntelligent VehicleSafety Systems – IVSS:
SaabVolvoVolvo CarsScaniaVägverketScandinavian AutomotiveSuppliersInvest in Sweden AgencyVinnova
AAutomotiveCrash Research – SAFER:
Chalmers UniversityVinnovaAutomotive firms
Public-Private-Academic Organized Efforts:
1 . Human Resources2 . Cluster expansion3 . Commercial cooperation4 . Business development5 . Innovation & technology6 . Business environment
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17Moskva City - ______-____Wall Street
Organic Clusters Planned Clusters
?
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ClustersBalancing Evolutionary and Constructive Forces
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1.EU and Clusters
2.Science – Innovation – Clusters
33.The European Cluster Observatorry
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Clusters = Innovation
R2 = 0.357
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 1 2 3 4
Region's cluster strength
Region'spatenting
level
Each region�s number of cluster stars (log) vs its number of patents (log), adjusting for country-level differences other than cluster strength.Source: The European Cluster Observatory
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Clusters
SLACSLACStanforStanfordd
CupertinoCupertino
Palo AltoPalo AltoMenloMenloParkPark
Industry:• Buyers• Suppliers• Related industries• SMEs• Services
Industry:• Buyers• Suppliers•• SMEs• Services
Finance:• Banks• Venture Capital• Business angels
Finance:• Banks• Venture Capital• Business angels
Public bodies:Regional authorities
• AgenciesUniversity:• Colleges
Tech transfer offices• Laboratories
•
Public bodies:•Regional authorities
• AgenciesUniversity:• Colleges
Tech transfer offices• Laboratories
Organisations for Collaboration:Formal and informal networks
Trade associationsCluster organisations
Media
••
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CERN and Geneva SLAC and Silicon Valley
CERNCERN GenevGenevaa SLACSLACStanfordStanford
CupertinoCupertino
Palo AltoPalo Alto
Menlo ParkMenlo Park
GenevGenevaa
PregnyPregny
GenthoGenthodd
AnnemasseAnnemasse
R&D R&DInnovation &
Clusters
+
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2323
xxxx
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR):18 members (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czec
Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, North Korea, Poland, RomanSlovakia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam)
Founded 1956
8 laboratories and university centers
5,500 staff + 1,200 researchers (>1,000 PhDs)
Free Economic Zone:Registered 2,000 start-ups in 2 years – no international success so farNew state corporation for nano-technology (5.5 billion USD)
JINRJINR
JINR and Dubna
ScienceR&D
Innovationand Clusters
?
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R&D andScience
Innovationand Clusters
CompetitiveFirms
Europe needs to shift focus fromR&D and Science to
Innovation and Clusters
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1.EU and Clusters
2.Science – Innovation – Clusters
33.The European Cluster Observatorry
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Clust
erpolic
y
Clust
erpolic
y
Cluster data
Cluster data
Cluster
maps
Cluster
maps
Clust
erorg
anisa
tions
Clust
erorg
anisa
tions
European Cluster Observatorywww.clusterobservatory.eu
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Statistical Cluster MappingStar Map
Clustermapping
Clusterpolicy
Clusterlibrary
Clusterorgs
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Star ClustersSize
Specialisation
Focus
Out of ~ 10,000 potential clusters inEurope:
~ 1.300 One-star clusters
~ 500 Two-star clusters
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Cluster Organisation MapClustermapping
Clusterpolicy
Clusterlibrary
Clusterorgs
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Karlstad – Pulp and Paper
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Cluster Organisation Table
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Innovation and Clusters 32
Adding New Members….Clustermapping
Clusterpolicy
Clusterlibrary
Clusterorgs
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Thank you!
www.clusterobservatory.eu