Cloud Computing Why is it called the cloud?. Clouds and VM First step to learning about cloud is...
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![Page 1: Cloud Computing Why is it called the cloud?. Clouds and VM First step to learning about cloud is Virtualization Taking VM from your desktop to cloud.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649de75503460f94ae1496/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cloud Computing
Why is it called the cloud?
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![Page 3: Cloud Computing Why is it called the cloud?. Clouds and VM First step to learning about cloud is Virtualization Taking VM from your desktop to cloud.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649de75503460f94ae1496/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Clouds and VM
• First step to learning about cloud is Virtualization
• Taking VM from your desktop to cloud is our goal (which will not be easy, but we will make it happen)
• Scaling and why it matters to have many VM ?
• Connecting VM’s and what is an appliance ?
• Discussion on VM <-> Cloud
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What is a Virtual Machine?
• Classic Definition (Popek and Goldberg ’74)
• VMM Properties
• Fidelity• Performance• Safety and Isolation
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What is a Virtual Machine?• Software Abstraction
– Behaves like hardware– Encapsulates all OS and
application state
• Virtualization Layer– Extra level of indirection– Decouples hardware, OS– Enforces isolation– Multiplexes physical
hardware across VMs
• Host OS and Guest OS
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Virtualization PropertiesIsolation
– Fault isolation– Performance isolation
Encapsulation– Cleanly capture all VM state– Enables VM snapshots, clones
Portability– Independent of physical hardware– Enables migration of live, running VMs
Interposition– Transformations on instructions, memory, I/O– Enables transparent resource overcommitment,
encryption, compression, replication …
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Cloud Concepts•It is critical to build a scalable architecture in order to take advantage of a scalable infrastructure
•Identify the monolithic components and bottlenecks in your architecture
•Identify the areas where you cannot leverage the on-demand provisioning capabilities
•Refactor your application in order to leverage the scalable aspects
•Scalability flavors:
•Vertical Scaling
•Horizontal Scaling
•Elasticity and finding the happy medium
•Think parallel and decoupled!
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Cloud terms
•Image/Appliance: a software image containing a software stack designed to run on a virtual machine.
•Instance: an image/appliance running in a virtual machine
A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consistingof a collection of inter-connected and virtualized computersthat are dynamically provisioned and presented as one ormore unified computing resource(s) based on service-levelagreements established through negotiation between theservice provider and consumers.'
Cloud computing and emerging IT platforms: Vision, hype, and reality for delivering computing as the 5th utility. Buyaa et al. http://goo.gl/BPyCcH
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NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology
• Essential Characteristics
• Service Models
• Deployment Models
• Commercial Terms of Service
US Department of Commerce
http://www.nist.gov/itl/cloud/
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Cloud: Essential Characteristics
• On-demand self-service: Client can provision resources as needed in an automatic fashion without human interaction with provider
• Broad network access: Resources are accessible through the internet
• Resource pooling: Provider’s resources are pooled to serve multiple clients. Resources can be reassigned as needed
• Rapid elasticity: Resources can be provisioned rapidly
• Measured service: Resource usage/allocation is monitored/metered for each client
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Cloud: Service Models
• Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS): Provides software applications through cloud infrastructure for clients to access through thin-clients (e.g. web-browser)
• Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS): Provides infrastructure for applications deployed by the client (e.g. provides an operating system)
• Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software (e.g. client installs an operating system)
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Cloud: Deployment Models
• Private cloud: Cloud infrastructure for exclusive use by a single organization. (e.g., UA’s cloud for IT services)
• Community cloud: Cloud infrastructure for exclusive use by a specific community. (e.g., iPlant’s cloud)
• Public cloud: Cloud infrastructure open for use by the general public (e.g., Amazon)
• Hybrid cloud: Cloud infrastructure that is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures as listed above that remain unique entities
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13http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/13/42
Distributing complete software stacks
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What is inside ?
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Parts of Openstack• Nova: primary computing engine
• Swift: objects store
• Cinder: block storage
• Neutron: networking capability
• Keystone: identity services
• Glance: image mgmt services
• Ceilometer: telemetry services
• Heat: orchestration component
• Horizon: Web UI
http://opensource.com/resources/what-is-openstack
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What are we using ?
• Openstack Havana
• http://futuregrid.github.io/manual/openstackhavana.html
• Learn more about Openstack http://opensource.com/business/14/2/openstack-beginners-guide
• Next class hands on cloud !
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How much does it cost?http://calculator.s3.amazonaws.com/calc5.html
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How much does it cost?
• You have 2 TB of data.
• You make the computational data parallel (Different chunks of data may be processed simultaneously).
• You want to process it, but it takes one core and 4GB of RAM 10h to process 200MB of data (RAM usage scales linearly with data).
• How much will it cost to process all the data in 1 hour?
• Note: the final output is 100MB. How much does cost to transfer the data to AWS and transfer the results back?
• What is the difference between using the East Coast versus the West Coast facilities?
http://calculator.s3.amazonaws.com/calc5.html
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FutureGrid!
• https://portal.futuregrid.org/tutorials
• Do Tutorials:
• Tutorial Topic 0: Accessing FutureGrid Resources
• Tutorial Topic 1: Using OpenStack Grizzly on FutureGrid