Cloud Computing in Networked Libraries

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Cloud Computing for

Networked Librariesand

Information Centers

DACUNLibrary

Committee


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What is cloud computing?

How does cloud computing work?

Why is cloud computing significant?

What are the downsides of cloud computing?

Where is cloud computing going?

What are the implications of cloud computing for higher

education?

Questions?


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What is Cloud Computing ?- the Fifth Generation of Computing

(after Mainframe, Personal Computer,Client-Server Computing, and the web)

- the biggest thing since the web?


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Worldwide IT Cloud Spending 2012

Source: IDC October 2008


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Forrester Research, October 13, 2009 :

that cloud computingis one of

theTop 15 Techno logy Trendsand that

i t warrants investment now so you can

gain the experience necessary to takeadvantage of i t in i ts m any forms to

t ransform you rorganizat ion in to a

more effic ient and respons ive serviceproviderto the business.


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What is cloud computing?--Wikipedia Definition

Cloud computing is

Internet-based

computing, wherebyshared resources,

software, and

information are

provided to computers

and other devices on

demand through the

Internet

DACUNLibrary

Committee


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"Cloud Computing," to put it simply, means"Internet Computing." The Internet iscommonly visualized as clouds; hence theterm cloud computing for computationdone through the Internet. With CloudComputing users can access databaseresources via the Internet from anywhere, foras long as they need, without worrying aboutany maintenance or management of actualresources.

http://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspx

DACUNLibrary

Committee
http://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspxhttp://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspxhttp://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspxhttp://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspxhttp://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspxhttp://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspxhttp://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspxhttp://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspxhttp://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspxhttp://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspxhttp://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspxhttp://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspx


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What is cloud computing?--Some more serious definitions

means using Web

services for our

computing needs which

could include usingsoftware applications,

storing data, accessing

computing power, orusing a platform to build

applications.

Ellyssa Kroski -- Library

Journal, 09/10/2009

Ellyssa Kroski

Library Journal, 09/10/2009


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Cloud computing is a general

term for anything that involves

delivering hosted services over

the Internet. These services are broadly divided

into three categories: Infrastructure-

as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-

Service (PaaS) andSoftware-as-a-Service (SaaS).
http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,290660,sid201_gci1358983,00.htmlhttp://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid201_gci1332892,00.htmlhttp://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,290660,sid201_gci1170781,00.htmlhttp://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,290660,sid201_gci1170781,00.htmlhttp://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid201_gci1332892,00.htmlhttp://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,290660,sid201_gci1358983,00.html


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McKinsey:

Clouds are hardware-basedservices offering compute,network and storage capacitywhere:

Hardware management is highlyabstractedfrom the buyer,Buyers incur infrastructurecosts as variable OPEX

(operational expenditure),and

Infrastructure capacity is

highly elastic


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is a model for enablingconvenient, on-demandnetwork access to a sharedpool of configurablecomputing resources (for ex.,networks, servers, storage,applications, and services) thatcan be rapidly provisioned and

released with minimalmanagement effort or serviceprovider interaction.

Source: National Institute of Standards and Technology

(NIST)


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FZI (Jens Nimis):

Building on compute andstorage virtualization,cloud computing providesscalable, network-centric,abstractedITinfrastructure, platforms,and applications as on-

demand services that arebilled by consumption.


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Cloud Computing Architecture

- is the systems architectureof the software systemsinvolved in the delivery ofcloud computing, typically

involves multiple cloudcomponentscommunicating with eachother over application

programming interfaces,usuallyweb services.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_architecture


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Components of cloud computing

architecture

the front end - is the part seen by the client,

i.e. the computer user. This includes the

clients network (or computer) and the

applications used to access the cloud via userinterface such as a web browser.

the back end - is the cloud itself, comprising

various computers, servers and data storagedevices.


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Cloud computing types

Public cloudscomputing environment areopen for use to anyone who wants to sign up and

use them. These are run by vendors and

applications from different customers are likely to

be mixed together on the clouds servers, storage

systems, and networks.

Examples of a public cloud: Amazon Web Servicesand Google's AppEngine

Source: Wikipedia


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A private cloud is basicallyan

organization that needs morecontrol over their data than

they can get by using a

vendor hosted service.

A hybrid cloud combine both

public and private cloud

models.


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Major PlayersCloud Computing Services

Google

IBM

Microsoft

AmazonMOSSO

Force.com

Cordys


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Cloud Providers


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Types of Cloud Services

1. IaaS

2. PaaS

3. SaaS

4. Cloud web service web

5. MPS (Management Service

Provider

6. BSP (Business Service Platform)7. Network Integration


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Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

sometimes referred as HaaS or Hardware as a Serviceand it involves both storage services and computingpower.

Provides user computing resources and storage

comprised with many servers as an on-demand andpay per use service: Data Center, Bandwidth,Private Line Access, Servers and Server Room,Firewall, Storage space ..

Examples: AmazonEC2 (ElasticComputeCloud)

Rackspace: cheaper than EC2 www.rackspace.com
http://www.rackspace.com/http://www.rackspace.com/


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Platform as-a-Service(PaaS)

With PaaS, computing platform provides suppliestools and a development environment to helpcompanies build, test, and deploy Web-basedapplications.

Bundles all stack components (hardware, infrastructure,

storage) together with database, security, workflow, userinterface, and other tools that allow users to create and hostpowerful business applications, web sites, and mobile apps.

Examples

Sales force http://www.force.com 800APP http://www.800app.com
http://www.force.com/http://www.800app.com/http://www.800app.com/http://www.force.com/


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Software as a Service (SaaS )

Applications or software is delivered as a

service to the customer who can access the

program from any online device, eliminating

the need to install and run the application on

the customer's own computers andsimplifying maintenance and support.

Some of these Web-based applications are free such

as Hotmail, Google Apps, Skype, and many 2.0applications, while most business-oriented SaaS,

such as Sales Force, is leased on a subscription basis


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SaaS can be defined through five

key ideas:

Services are fully managed and hosted;

have regular recurring payments (Pay-As-

They-Go and Pay-As-They-Grow);

allow for anytime, anywhere access (usually

24/7 services) ;

have multiple tenants on servers; and

dont require installation of specialized

software


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How cloud

computing

works?


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Cloud Computing @ Libraries

With cloud computing, institutions procure ITservices from

remote providers - campus constituents accessthese resources over the Internet.For example: E-mail, long considered a staple of aninstitutions IT operations, can be obtained from arange of sources, and a growing number of campusescontract with outside suppliers for this function.


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Large university or a consortiummight become a provider of cloud

services. Storage and processing needscan also be met by the cloud. Institutions

pay only for the resources used, and users

can access the applications and files theyneed from virtually any Internet-

connected computer.


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A number of universities, vendors andgovernment organizations are investing inresearch around the topic of cloud computing.

In July 2008, HP, Intel Corporation and Yahoo!announced the creation of a global, multi-datacenter, open source test bed, called OpenCirrus designed to encourage research into all

aspects of cloud computing, service and datacenter management.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP


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In July 2010, HP Labs India announced a new cloud-based technology designed to simplify taking contentand making it mobile-enabled, even from low-enddevices.

SiteonMobile, the new technology is designed for

emerging markets where people are more likely toaccess the internet via mobile phones rather thancomputers.

Libraries cooperate with one another to buy IT

equipment, bandwidth and the services of ITprofessionals, libraries may soon cooperate in thebuilding and management of datacenters.

Cloud Computing Development @


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Libraries

Google and IBM have partnered to offer millions ofdollars in resources to universities in order to

promote cloud computing projects.

The goal is to improve students' knowledge of

parallel computing practices and better prepare them

for increasingly popular large-scale computing that

takes place in the "real world," such as searchengines, social networking sites, and scientific

computational needs.


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YAHOO has expanded its partnerships withtop U.S. universities : The University ofCalifornia at Berkeley, Cornell University,

University of Massachusetts at Amherst andthe Carnegie Mellon University to advancecloud computing research through theused of Yahoo!s cloud computingcluster large-scale systems software.

Cloud Computing Development

@Libraries



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Cloud Computing Development @Libraries

IBM established a consortium with theEuropean Union and universities to researchnew cloud-computing models to reduce thecost of hosting and maintaining Internet-based services.

The aim of the consortium is to undertake researchthat could lead to the development of newcomputer science models that bring together

managed Internet-based services from diversehardware and software environments in a flexiblecloud environment.


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The Qatar Cloud Computing Initiative led by Carnegie

Mellon University, Qatar University and Texas A&MUniversity aimed to develop cloud computingtechnology and provide a platform for localorganizations to test applications in the cloud.

The project, is to enable academic research projects thatrequire a large amount of computing power. By sharingresources through a cloud model, academic institutionscan make better use of existing resources, and access

more powerful resources for data intensive projects,in a more cost effective manner than by deploying their owninfrastructure or outsourcing processing.


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Cloud computing adoption and usage incommunity colleges

is gaining popularity in higher education settings,but the costs and benefits of this tool have gonelargely unexplored.

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that leadto technology adoption in a higher education setting.

Specifically, they examined a range of predictors andoutcomes relating to the acceptance of a cloud computingplatform in rural and urban community colleges

l d ll ll


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Cloud Computing in a small college

Small College Reaps Big Benefits From Cloud

Computing

Marian College is a small Indianapolis, Ind., college, with astudent body of 2,100, has dipped into cloud computing. It hasvirtualized its infrastructure, made virtual servers available overthe network practically on demand, and coordinated its internaloperations with an outside cloud managed by a serviceprovider, BlueLock.

Understand virtualization costs in order to analyze ROI- and prepare for how upcoming trends will impactTCO.

Cloud Computing in Malaysia


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Cloud Computing in MalaysiaUniversities

Students in the 21st century can no longer beconfined to traditional teaching-learningmethods (i.e. lecturing and tutoring which are

commonly used in universities)

Universities from around the global have recognizedneeds to adapt new teaching learning approach to

meet students' diverse need.


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Cloud Computing in the Philippines

Cloud computing has been gaining momentum in thePhilippines, along with other new terminologies,particularly virtualization. Large enterprises areupgrading their IT infrastructure and viable inclusion in

IT budgets.

Hardware manufacturers are also designing their products tomake cloud computing happen and to make it better. Philippinecompanies are already taking notice so hardware companies

have to be prepared for increased demand. Source: INQUIRER.net, MANILA, Philippines 11/23/2009

l d b


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Cloud Computing @ LibrariesDaaS from Publishers & Aggregators


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Cloud Computing @ Daily life


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$50 per user

per year


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69% of Americans

used cloud computing

services

Source Cloud Computing Gains in Currency, Pew Research, May 2008

http://pewresearch.org/pubs/948/cloud-computing-gains-in-currency
http://pewresearch.org/pubs/948/cloud-computing-gains-in-currencyhttp://pewresearch.org/pubs/948/cloud-computing-gains-in-currencyhttp://pewresearch.org/pubs/948/cloud-computing-gains-in-currencyhttp://pewresearch.org/pubs/948/cloud-computing-gains-in-currencyhttp://pewresearch.org/pubs/948/cloud-computing-gains-in-currencyhttp://pewresearch.org/pubs/948/cloud-computing-gains-in-currencyhttp://pewresearch.org/pubs/948/cloud-computing-gains-in-currencyhttp://pewresearch.org/pubs/948/cloud-computing-gains-in-currencyhttp://pewresearch.org/pubs/948/cloud-computing-gains-in-currencyhttp://pewresearch.org/pubs/948/cloud-computing-gains-in-currency


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Why cloud computing is

significant?

Significance of Cloud Computing


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Significance of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing reduce energy consumption

significantly.The 1000 plus US government data centers, forexample, were consuming 6 billion kWh of energy in 2006, and if leftunchecked, the consumption can be double by 2011.

Cloud computing involves centralizing the

computing resources on the Internet (the cloud)and making these available to those who need it,when needed.Because the resources are shared by many,capacity utilization goes up. And modern developments like

virtualization can make the same resources available tomultiple users "simultaneously," thus reducing the need forphysical resources even further.


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At the micro level, enterprises that used cloud

computing services are freed of worrying about the

technological issues related to IT installations.Theycan replace their complex installations of servers, workstations,

networking and numerous applications with simple workstation

computers and fast Internet connectivity. The cloud service providers will

attend to the infrastructure, platforms and even applications needed by

the enterprises.

Cloud computing resources are available

immediately as soon as the agreement with the

service provider is executed.Under the utility model ofservice provision, users are charged only for what they use, for the

memory, CPU, data transfer, I/O requests, storage space and so on. As the

business expands, the enterprises can seamlessly expand their computing

capacities.

Benefits of Cloud Computing


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Benefits of Cloud Computing

for educational institutions Universities can open their technology infrastructures

to businesses and industries for researchadvancements;

The efficiencies of cloud computing can help universitieskeep pace with ever-growing resource requirements

and energy cost; The extended reach of cloud computing enables

institutions to teach students in new, different waysand help them manage projects and massive

workloads; and When students enter the global workforce they will

better understand the value of new technologies.

The Cloud Computing Manifesto


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The Cloud Computing Manifesto

Principles

- User centric - Philanthropic

- Openness - Transparency

- Interoperability - Representation

- Discrimination - Evolution

- Balance - Security


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What are the downsides of cloud

computing?

Cl d i d IT i


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Cloud computing and IT issues:

Service level agreements What assurances do we havefor uptime, legal protection, and security?

Uptime and reliability How does this provider compareto being able to locally host and manage our resources?

Cost and affordability What personnel and technology

resources are involved with a hosted versus localsolution? How does this cost model look over time?

Legal and organizational issues What organizationaland legal issues do we need to consider? Are we dealing withpatron data? Are we sure that the platform and our

connection to it are secure? Staff knowledge How would migrating to this platform

impact staff knowledge and competency? Do we knoweverything that we need to know?


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Where is cloud computing going?


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Cloud computing is

emerging as a relevantcomputing paradigm

aiming to be the

technology that will

mark the difference

between Web2.0 andWeb3.0.


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Clouds are vast resource pools with on-demandresource allocation. The degree of on-demandcan vary from phone calls to web forms to actualAPIs that directly require servers.

The cloud may now be seen as a collection ofnetworked features. New concept that will leadto a new implementation model called as cloud

libraries.


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What is a Cloud?

SLAs

Web Services

Virtualization


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What are the implications of cloudcomputing for higher education?


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Colleges and universities are expected:

to provide a wide and growing array of

technology services some of which arehighly specialized or idiosyncratic to individual

campuses.

to increase operational efficiency and

focus scarce resources on services that

are institutional differentiators.


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to develop different skills, such as

managing contracts, overseeingintegration between in-house and

outsourced services, and mastering a

different model of IT budgets.

Cloud services might facilitate inter-institutional

collaboration because they are more easilyaccessed by students and faculty at disparate

institutions.


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In addition, despite of the potential

security risks posed by cloud services,some would argue that cloud services

offer more security than on-campus

solutions, given the complexity ofmounting an effective IT security effort

at the institutional level

Cloud Computing is the Wave of


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Cloud Computing is the Wave of

the Future (Perera, G. J., 2009)

Software as a

Subscription

Reduced Software

Maintenance

Increased Reliability

Increased Scalability

C t R d ti


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Cost Reduction

Environmentally Friendly

Matches Current

Computing Trends

Portability/Accessibility

Efficient Use of Computer

Resources

Versionless Software

Impact of cloud computing to the


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Impact of cloud computing to the

libraries

Cost savings

Flexibility and innovation

Broad, general IT skills vs. deep,specialized skills

Cloud OPAC and Cloud ILS

Private clouds, hybrid clouds and

community clouds


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OCLC views these new services

it eliminates many of the redundancies

inherent in the current patterns of library

automation and allows libraries to take

advantage of Web-scale efficiencies.- Marshall Breeding


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Conclusion


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Cloud Computing new IT buzzword is a concept like a flower in the glass. Every

enterprise and person, want to explain this conceptby their own benefits. But, if given a neutraldefinition to it, begin it here.

Questions:


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Questions:

What will Cloud Computing bring to our library?

?

Should each individual library pay attention to it?

How will the library information infrastructure change

IT

How will the library workflow and management change?

How will the IT, Cataloging or other units change? And the overalllibrary staffing environment?

IT?

How will the library services change?

More.


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Some References

Bechtolsheim, Andy. Cloud Computing. Nov. 2008.

Cloud Computing. http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid201_gci1287881,00.htmlhttp://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/what-cloud-computing-really-means-031?page=0,2

Cloud Computing and Digital Libraries - First Perspectives on a Future Technological Alliance

pedrolopes http://issuu.com/pedrolopes/docs/cloudcomputing_digitallibraries

Fujitsu to start services for libraries using cloud computing Sunday 05th September, 03:38 AM JST TOKYOhttp://www.techterms.com/definition/cloudcomputing

http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/EST0902.pdf

http://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing.aspx

http://laptoplogic.com/resources/10-reasons-why-cloud-computing-is-the-wave-of-the-future

Kroski, Ellyssa. 2009. Library Cloud Atlas: A Guide to Cloud Computing and Storage | Stacking the Tech. LibraryJournal http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/EST0902.pdf

Kruger, P. 2010. What is cloud computing and how do I use it?

http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/what-is-cloud-computing-and-how-do-i-use-it-1896368.html

Mitchell, Erik. Using Cloud Services for Library IT Infrastructure http://journal.code4lib.org/articles/2510

Nie Hua. Cloud Computing Basics. 8 th HKUL Library Leadership Training, April 23-27, 2010, Beijing, China.

Perera, Gilberto J. 10 reasons Why Cloud Computing is the Wave of the Future. Retrieved: August 10, 2010at10:04:35 AM

http://laptoplogic.com/resources/10-reasons-why-cloud-computing-is-the-wave-of-the-future

Reddy, Karthik L. Cloud Computing Issues, Research and Implementations.


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Thank you!

Q & AVirginia I. Caintic

Assistant Vice-President

Learning and Information Center

University of Mindanao, Davao City

2010-10-14-15

[email protected]


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Abstract

Cloud computing has brought us a new

perspective to look at the current resource-

sharing problem, cloud computing can be

applied to digital library resources to improve

information sharing capabilities, improve

resource utilization.

Cloud Computing in Networked Libraries

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