Pawan ThakurM.C.A., M.Phil. (Computer Science),

Secretary SCIT Group of Institutions, BhopalAsst. Professor & H.O.D,

Department of Computer App. & Information Tech.,Vidyasagar Institute of Management, Bhopal (M.P.)

Roohi AliM.C.A , M.Phil (Computer Science),

Faculty, Department of M.C.A.Govt. Geetanjali Girls P.G. College, Bhopal (M.P.)

Strictly according to the Syllabus of Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya(RGPV), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (India)

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This book is intended basic concepts of Cloud Computing. The Cloud Computingand Web are disruptive technologies and the technology is changing, developing,and improving with breathtaking speed. Cloud Computing will have a greater effecton our lives than the PC revolution and the dot-com revolution combined. Thisbook details how to go beyond the theory and build “industrial strength” robustand highly scalable cloud computing applications for the enterprise. We discuss:Whose platforms are available today? What tools facilitate development? How tofit the different pieces together etc. We look at actual case studies, and examinecosts, technologies, and problems that were overcome.

Each chapter of this book contains student learning activities to give the readers achance to enhance the learning process. This book on cloud computing has beenwritten for the undergraduate students of B.E. (CS/IT). and B. Tech. and postgraduatestudents of M.C.A., M.E. & M. Tech. (CS/IT), and similar courses of variousUniversities of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana,Punjab and other Indian Universities. This book is divided into 10 chapters & 6experiments.

Chapter 1 & 2, presents the basics of Cloud Computing, Vision of Cloud Computing,Cloud computing environments, Cloud and dynamic infrastructure, Cloud Adoptionand rudiments and overview of cloud applications: ECG Analysis in the cloud,Protein structure prediction, Gene Expression Data Analysis, Satellite ImageProcessing, CRM and ERP, Social networking etc.

In Chapter 3 & 4, We deal with, Cloud Computing Architecture, NIST CloudComputing Reference Architecture, IBM Cloud Computing Reference Architecture,DMTF Cloud Service Reference Architecture, CSA Reference Model, CISCO CloudReference Architecture, Cloud Reference Model, Types of Clouds, CloudInteroperability & Standards, Scalability and Fault Tolerance, Cloud Solutions, CloudEcosystem, Cloud Business Process Management, Cloud Service Management,Cloud Offerings and Virtual Desktop Infrastructure.

Chapter 5 & 6, deals with the concepts of Cloud Management & VirtualizationTechnology, Resiliency, Provisioning, Concepts of Map reduce , Cloud Governance,High Availability and Disaster Recovery. Virtualization, virtualization Hypervisormanagement software, Virtual LAN(VLAN) and Virtual SAN(VSAN) and theirbenefits.

Chapter 7 & 8 we present the theoretical and practical concepts of Cloud Security,Cloud security services, Design principles, Secure Cloud Software Requirements,Policy Implementation, Cloud Computing Security Challenges, Virtualization securityManagement and different Cloud Computing Security Architecture, CSA Cloud

AUTHOR’s PREFACE

Security Reference Model, NIST Security Reference Architecture, IBM SecurityFramework etc.

In Chapter 9 & 10 we evaluate and examine Market Based Management of Clouds,Federated Clouds Cloud, Third Party Cloud Services, and Case study of GoogleApp Engine, Microsoft Azure, Hadoop, Amazon, Aneka etc.

Finally, the practical manual provided, covered experiments as per syllabus of RGPV,Bhopal (MP) with diagram, theory behind practical’s and procedure.

The authors will be pleased to receive any comments, constructive criticism assuggestions made by teachers and students for any improvement needed for thebook.

Pawan ThakurRoohi Ali

We have helped by our parents, teachers, colleagues and students too many name but arevery special who have assisted us pointed our thinking by cheerfully providing challengingcomments and questions.

First of all I would like to extend remarkable thanks to my parents and family members. Ideeply and profoundly thank my father Late Shri Hari Chand Ji Thakur who was encouragingme to strive for the best, his contribution will be remembered forever. I am thankful to mymother Mrs. Kunta Devi, without their blessing and valuable support this could not achievable.My special thanks are due to my wife Ms. Sikkma Devi my amazing brother Mr. Ram Krishanand his wife Ms. Jyoti Thakur. My extraordinary thanks are due to my cute son Master SarthakThakur- and my brother's little son Master Kshitij Thakur without you this would not havebeen possible.

The editorial and Computer Department of M/s Satya Prakashan specially Dr. Dheeraj Vasuwould like to join the authors in thanking of following reviewers whose comments andsuggestions have helping us to bring the text to its present form.

Dr. S.K. Gandhi, Joint Controller, M.P. Professional Examination Board, Bhopal, (MP)

Shri Suresh Jain IAS (Rtd.), MD, Vidyasagar Institute of Management and Dr. VikasSaraf, Director, Vidyasagar Institute of Management, Bhopal.

Prof (Dr.) Mohanlal Chhipa, Honorable Vice Chancellor, Atal Bihari Vajpayee HindiVishwavidyalaya Bhopal.

Dr. S.K. Vijay, Chairman Department of Computer Science, Barkatullah University, andHOD (Physics & CS), Govt. Geetanjali Girls P G College, Bhopal.

Dr. Sanjay Bhatt, HOD, Department of MCA & Dr. M.K Singhai, Asst. Professor,Department of Commerce, Govt. Geetanjali Girls College, Bhopal.

Shri Uday Singh Rawat, MD, SCIT Group of Institutions, Bhopal.

Dr. R.S. Thakur, Associate Professor & Dr. G.S. Thakur, Assistant Professor, Departmentof MCA, MANIT, Bhopal.

Shri Uday Chourasia, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, UIT, RGTU,Bhopal.

Ms. Shilpa Saxena, Assistant Professor, Department of MCA, T.I.T., Bhopal.

Shri Amit Sinhal, M.Tech. Coordinator (CS & IT), T.I.T., Bhopal.

Aakash Tiwari, TPO & Assistant Professor, Department of M.B.A, SIRT, Bhopal.

Dr. Deepti Maheshwari, Research Coordinator, Ms. Sangeeta Jauhari, Research convener,Ms. Ambika and Gajendra Vaikar, Asst. Professor, Department of CS, AISECT University,Bhopal.

Shri Rishikesh Rawat, HOD, Department of Computer Science & Engg., Bansal CollegeMandideep, Bhopal.

Shri Ram Rath Thakur, Shali Ram, Mast Ram, Raj Mal Thakur, Pratap Singh, Dalel Singh,Bhag Singh Attri, Amrit Lal, Vivek Sharma, Praveen & Jeewan Thakur.

Shri Ram Kumar, Maya Ram Atal and R.K. Malviya, Department of MCA, & Manohar

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Lalwani, K.K. Dwivedi, Sandeep Gour, faculty, Govt. Geetanjali Girls PG College, Bhopal.

Mr. Sunil Vishwakarma, Asst. Professor, Department of MBA, VIM, Bhopal.

Finally, special thanks are due to all the faculty members Pooja Jain, Lata Yadav, Divya Tiwari,Rajni Singh, Nazia Khan, Surendra Dwivedi and Mayank Jain Vidyasagar Institute ofManagement, Bhopal.

m Pawan Thakur

It is just because of the Grace of Almighty God that this book has been completed in time. Alot of people also supported to complete this book and I would like to thank them all.

First of all I would like to thank Mr.Pawan Thakur for providing me this precious opportunityto write a book with him. I would also like to thank Dr. Dheeraj Vasu for his encouragementand support throughout the creation of this book.

Especially I would like to thank my Parents Mr. S.R. Ali and Mrs. Shahnaz Jalali, my husbandMr. Jameel ur Rehman for giving me support and encouragement through all my tough andhard times.

I thank most specially to Respected Dr. P. Shahikala, Reader and Head, Department of NewMedia Technology, Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University, Bhopal. For always being thesource of inspiration to me and for planting the concept and importance of cloud computingin my knowledge as well as in my life. Also to Mr. Manish Maheshwari for always boostingand lifting my confidence.

It is great pleasure to express my profound gratitude to :

Honorable Vice Chancellor Prof. B.K. Kuthiala of Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University,Bhopal.

Dr. S.K.Vijay, chairman Department of Computer Science, Barkatullah University, Bhopaland Head of Department (Physics, M.Sc. (CS)) Govt. Geetanjali Girls PG College, Bhopal.

Dr. Sanjay Bhatt, HOD Department of MCA, Govt. Geetanjali Girls PG College, Bhopal.

Dr. Ravindra Patel, HOD Department of MCA, UIT, RGPV, Bhopal.

Dr. Syed Aftab Iqbal, Director, Crescent College of Technology, Bhopal.

Dr. C.P. Agrawal, HOD, Department of computer Science and Applications, MakhanlalChaturvedi National University, Bhopal.

I do wish to thank to Respected Dr. S.A. Iqbal sir for always providing me his valuableguidance and inspiration regarding research work.

I feel a deep sense of gratitude to my little daughters Aeiman and khadija for spending somuch time without being close to me as I had been busy creating this book.

I am feeling very much glad to thank to Er. Syed Minhaj Ali for spending sleepless nights forthe sake of proof reading of this book. Last but not the least I would like to thank my maternalgrandfather S. Shoukat Ali Jalali and my mother in Law Naseem Jalali whose blessings andprayers have a great contribution in my success.

Finally I like to thank to Satya Prakashan for bringing out this book in such a nice form.

m Roohi Ali

1. Introduction to Cloud Computing .......................1-1—1-381.1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................1-11.2 Meaning and Definitions Of Cloud .........................................................................1-31.3. Historical Development ..........................................................................................1-41.4. Vision of Cloud Computing ....................................................................................1-61.5. Characteristics of Cloud Computing as per NIST .......................................................1-9

1.5.1. Benefits of Cloud Computing ....................................................................1-101.5.2. Challenges of Cloud Computing .............................................................. 1-10

1.6. Cloud Computing Reference Model : An Overview .................................................. 1-111.7. Cloud Computing Environments ...........................................................................1-151.8. Cloud Services Requirements .................................................................................1-171.9. Cloud and Dynamic Infrastructure .........................................................................1-19

1.9.1. Designing the Cloud ................................................................................1-201.9.2. Dynamic Control Plane ............................................................................1-211.9.3. Cloud Architecture: Utility Computing — IaaS ........................................... 1-221.9.4. Cloud Architecture: Framework Computing — PaaS .................................... 1-231.9.5. Cloud Architecture : Business Computing — SaaS ...................................... 1-25

1.10. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud .............................................................. 1-261.11. Cloud Adoption and Rudiments ............................................................................1-28

2. Overview of Cloud Applications ........................2-1—2-312.1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................2-12.2. Overview of Cloud Applications ..............................................................................2-32.3. Electrocardiogram (ECG) Analysis in .......................................................................2-4

2.3.1. Benefits of ECG Analysis in the Cloud .........................................................2-72.4. Protein Structure Prediction .....................................................................................2-7

2.4.1. Benefits of Cloud in Protein Structure Prediction ...........................................2-82.5. Gene Expression Data Analysis ................................................................................2-8

2.5.1. Benefits of Gene Expression Data Analysis .................................................. 2-102.6. Satellite Cloud Image Processing ...........................................................................2-10

2.6.1. Benefits of Satellite Cloud Image Processing ............................................... 2-122.7 Customer Relationship Management .....................................................................2-12

2.7.1 CRM Cloud Computing ...........................................................................2-132.7.2. Benefits of CRM Cloud Computing ........................................................... 2-14

2.8. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) ........................................................................2-152.8.1. ERP Cloud Computing .............................................................................2-152.8.2. Benefits of Cloud Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) .................................. 2-182.8.3. Integrating Cloud CRM and ERP Applications ............................................ 2-18

2.9. Social Networking ................................................................................................2-192.9.1. Social Networking Cloud Computing ........................................................ 2-202.9.2. Advantage and Disadvantages of Social Networking ................................... 2-222.9.3. Avoid and Prevent of Disadvantages .......................................................... 2-22

3. Cloud Computing Architecture ...........................3-1—3-803.1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................3-13.2. Cloud Computing Architecture ................................................................................3-23.3. Cloud Reference Model ..........................................................................................3-63.4. NIST Cloud Computing Reference .........................................................................3-10

3.4.1. Cloud Consumer .....................................................................................3-113.4.2. Cloud Provider ........................................................................................3-133.4.3. Cloud Broker ..........................................................................................3-19

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2C O N T E N T S

3.4.4. Cloud Carrier ..........................................................................................3-193.4.5 Cloud Auditor .........................................................................................3-193.4.6 Nist Service Models ..................................................................................3-20

3.5. IBM Cloud Computing Reference ..........................................................................3-243.5.1. Cloud Service Consumers .........................................................................3-243.5.2. Cloud Service Providers ............................................................................3-253.5.3. Cloud Service Creators .............................................................................3-273.5.4. Cloud Security, Resiliency and Performance Architecture ............................... 3-283.5.5. Governance ............................................................................................3-28

3.6. Dmtf Cloud Service Reference Architecture ..............................................................3-293.7. Cloud Security Alliance(CSA) ................................................................................3-303.8 Cisco Cloud Reference Architecture ........................................................................3-323.9. Types of Cloud .....................................................................................................3-34

3.9.1 Private Cloud ..........................................................................................3-353.9.2. Community Cloud ...................................................................................3-383.9.3. Public Cloud ...........................................................................................3-393.9.4 Hybrid Cloud ..........................................................................................3-423.9.5. Federated Cloud ......................................................................................3-443.9.6. Personal Cloud ........................................................................................3-46

3.10. Cloud Interoperability ...........................................................................................3-473.10.1. Need and View of Interoperability ............................................................3-473.10.2 Interoperability Approaches .......................................................................3-48

3.11. Cloud Standardization .........................................................................................3-513.11.1. Standardization Issues .............................................................................3-523.11.2. Standardization Challenges ......................................................................3-54

3.12. Scalability ...........................................................................................................3-553.12.1. Cloud Scalability Component ...................................................................3-563.12.2. Cloud Scalability Techniques ....................................................................3-57

3.13. Fault Tolerance ....................................................................................................3-583.13.1. Challenges of Fault Tolerance in Cloud Computing .................................... 3-593.13.2. Fault Tolerance Techniques in Cloud Computing ........................................ 3-59

4. Cloud Solution and Offerings ............................4-1—4-384.1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................4-14.2. Cloud Solutions .....................................................................................................4-2

4.2.1. Advantages or Benefits of Cloud Solutions ...................................................4-34.2.2. Solution Selection Making Process ...............................................................4-4

4.3. Cloud Ecosystem....................................................................................................4-64.3.1. Benefits of the Cloud Ecosystem ..................................................................4-8

4.4. Cloud Business Process Management .......................................................................4-94.4.1. Selecting A Business Process ......................................................................4-114.4.2. BPM Lifecycle ..........................................................................................4-114.4.3. BpaaS Vs Traditional Applications .............................................................4-12

4.5. Cloud Service Management ..................................................................................4-124.5.1. Cloud Management Strategies ..................................................................4-15

4.6. Cloud Offerings ..................................................................................................4-154.6.1. Challenges For Cloud Offering .................................................................4-17

4.7. Cloud Analytics ...................................................................................................4-184.7.1. Real-time Analytics ..................................................................................4-194.7.2. Applications of Real-time Analytics ...........................................................4-194.7.3. Cloud Analytics Services ...........................................................................4-20

4.8. Cloud Testing Under Control .................................................................................4-214.9. Virtual Desktop Infrastructure .................................................................................4-24

4.9.1. Types of Virtualization ...............................................................................4-254.9.2. Benefits of Virtual Desktop Infrastructure .....................................................4-254.9.3. Advantages and Disadvantage .................................................................4-26

3C O N T E N T S

5. Cloud Management............................................5-1—5-341.1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................5-1

5.1.1. Challenges of Cloud Management ..............................................................5-35.2. Resiliency ..............................................................................................................5-4

5.2.1. Benefits of Cloud-based Resilience ..............................................................5-55.3. Provisioning ..........................................................................................................5-6

5.3.1. Types of Provisioning ..................................................................................5-75.4. Asset Management .................................................................................................5-7

5.4.1. Cloud for Asset Managers ...........................................................................5-85.5. Concepts of Map Reduce ........................................................................................5-9

5.5.1. The Mapreduce Paradigm .........................................................................5-105.6. Cloud Governance ..............................................................................................5-12

5.6.1. Cloud Governance Lifecycle .....................................................................5-145.6.2. Microsoft’s Cloud Governance Model ........................................................ 5-155.6.3. Schepers SOA Cloud Governance Model ................................................... 5-15

5.7. High Availability ..................................................................................................5-165.7.1. Approaches for Cloud High Availability ..................................................... 5-205.7.2. Challenges and Complexities ....................................................................5-21

5.8. Disaster Recovery ..................................................................................................5-235.8.1. Disaster Recovery Plan ..............................................................................5-235.8.2. Cloud Computing For Effective Disaster Recovery ....................................... 5-235.8.3. High Availability Disaster Recovery (DR) Strategies ...................................... 5-24

6. Virtualization Technology ..................................6-1—6-486.1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................6-16.2. Fundamental Concepts of Compute ........................................................................6-2

6.2.1. Levels of Virtualization ................................................................................6-46.2.2. Virtualization Benefits .................................................................................6-46.2.3. Advantages and Disadvantages ..................................................................6-5

6.3. Storage Virtualization .............................................................................................6-66.3.1. Storage Virtualization Approaches ...............................................................6-7

6.4. Networking Virtualization ......................................................................................6-126.4.1. Hosted Virtualization ................................................................................6-13

6.5. Desktop (Client) Virtualization ...............................................................................6-156.6. Application Virtualization .....................................................................................6-176.7. Server Virtualization ..............................................................................................6-19

6.7.1. Server Virtualization Approaches ................................................................6-206.8. Block Level Storage ..............................................................................................6-226.9. File Level Storage .................................................................................................6-236.10. Virtualization Hypervisor Management ...................................................................6-24

6.10.1. Hypervisor Classifications .........................................................................6-256.11. Infrastructure Requirements ...................................................................................6-266.12. Virtual Lan (VLAN) ...............................................................................................6-28

6.12.1. Types of VLANs ........................................................................................6-306.12.2. Benefits of VLANs .....................................................................................6-31

6.13. Virtual San (VSAN) ...............................................................................................6-316.13. Benefits of Virtual SAN (VSAN) ...............................................................................6-33

7. Cloud Security .....................................................7-1—7-257.1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................7-17.2. Cloud Information Security Fundamentals ................................................................7-37.3. Cloud Security Services ...........................................................................................7-67.4. Design Principles ...................................................................................................7-7

4 C O N T E N T S

7.5. Policy Implementation ..........................................................................................7-117.5.1. NIST Cloud Policy ....................................................................................7-12

7.6. Cloud Computing : Security Challenges .................................................................7-147.7. Virtualization Security Management .......................................................................7-16

8. Cloud Computing Security Architecture ............. 8-1—8-308.1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................8-18.2. Cloud Computing Security Architecture ....................................................................8-28.3. Cloud Security Alliance: Cloud Security ....................................................................8-8

Reference Model ....................................................................................................8-88.4. NIST Security Reference Architecture ........................................................................8-148.5. IBM Security Framework ........................................................................................8-22

9. Market Based Management of Clouds .............. 9-1—9-369.1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................9-19.2. Market Based Management of Clouds ......................................................................9-29.3. Federated Clouds: Meaning and Definition ..............................................................9-59.4. Characterization ....................................................................................................9-5

9.4.1. Benefits of Federation Cloud .......................................................................9-89.4.2. System Architecture .....................................................................................9-9

9.5. Cloud Federation Stack ........................................................................................9-149.6. Inter Cloud ..........................................................................................................9-19

9.6.1. Architectural Taxonomy .............................................................................9-209.6.2. Taxonomy of Inter-cloud Application Brokering Mechanisms ........................ 9-219.6.3. Application Centric Perspective To Inter-clouds ........................................... 9-23

9.7. Third Party Cloud Services .....................................................................................9-239.7.1. Cloud Service Delivery Model ....................................................................9-25

10. Case Study-Cloud Computing ........................10-1—10-2810.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................10-110.2. Google App Engine .............................................................................................10-110.3. Microsoft Azure ....................................................................................................10-510.4. Hadoop ............................................................................................................10-1110.5. Amazon ............................................................................................................10-1710.6. Aneka ............................................................................................................10-20

E. Experiments ........................................................ E-1—E-94E1A. Installation and Configuration of Hadoop ................................................................ E3E1B. Installation and Configuration of Eucalyptus ........................................................... E17E2A. Service Deployment and Usage over Cloud .............................................................. E25E2B. Deployment of Asp.Net Web Applicaton to a Window Azue Website .......................... E38E3. Managment of Cloud Resources ............................................................................. E50E4. Cloud Security Management .................................................................................. E71E5. Using Existing Cloud Characteristics and Service Models .......................................... E84E6. Performance Evaluation of Services over Cloud ........................................................ E89

p p p

SYLLABUSCS & IT-703 Cloud Computing(RGPV), BhopalUNIT IIntroduction: Historical development, Vision of Cloud Computing, Characteristicsof cloud computing as per NIST, Cloud computing reference model, Cloudcomputing environments, Cloud services requirements, Cloud and dynamicinfrastructure, Cloud Adoption and rudiments. Overview of cloud applications:ECG Analysis in the cloud, Protein structure prediction, Gene Expression DataAnalysis, Satellite Image Processing, CRM and ERP, Social networking.UNIT IICloud Computing Architecture: Cloud Reference Model, Types of Clouds, CloudInteroperability & Standards, Scalability and Fault Tolerance.Cloud Solutions: Cloud Ecosystem, Cloud Business Process Management, CloudService Management.Cloud Offerings: Cloud Analytics, Testing Under Control, Virtual DesktopInfrastructure.UNIT IIICloud Management & Virtualization Technology : Resiliency, Provisioning, Assetmanagement, Conceps of Map reduce, Cloud Governance, High Availability andDisaster Recovery. Virtualization: Fundamental concepts of compute, storage,networking, desktop and application virtualization. Virtualization benefits, servervirtualization, Block and file level storage virtualization Hypervisor managementsoftware, Infrastructure Requirements , Virtual LAN(VLAN) and Virtual SAN(VSAN)and their benefits.UNIT IVCloud Security : Cloud Information security fundamentals, Cloud security services,Design principles, Secure Cloud Software Requirements, Policy Implementation,Cloud Computing Security Challenges, Virtualization security Management, CloudComputing Secutity Architecture.UNIT VMarket Based Management of Clouds, Federated Clouds/Inter Cloud:Characterization & Definition, Cloud Federation Stack, Third Party Cloud Services.Case study : Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Hadoop, Amazon, Aneka.

List of Experiment1. Installation and configuration of Hadoop/Euceliptus etc.2. Service deployment & Usage over cloud.3. Management of cloud resources.4. Using existing cloud characteristics & Service models .5. Cloud Security Management.6. Performance evaluation of services over cloud .