CLINICIAN EDUCATOR - MhChem · – Patches – Gels – Tablets (stick to the gums) – Pellets –...
Transcript of CLINICIAN EDUCATOR - MhChem · – Patches – Gels – Tablets (stick to the gums) – Pellets –...
CLINICIAN EDUCATORDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadism
Patient 2B Patient 3B Patient 4B Patient 5B Patient 6B Patient 7B
PATIENT GUIDEDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadism
Sponsored by and developed by in collaboration with
Support for this activity has been provided through an educational grant from
What is the role of testosterone in men’s health?•Testosteroneisthemostimportantsexhormoneinmen•Itisresponsiblefortypicalmalecharacteristicsandhelps
maintainsexdrive,spermproduction,muscle,bone,andpubicandbodyhair
•Testosteroneisproducedbythetesticlesunderthecontrolofhormonesproducedbythehypothalamus(inthebrain)andthepituitarygland(asmallglandatthebottomofthebrain)
•Lowtestosteronelevels(alsocalledhypogonadism)cancause: –Adropinsexdrive –Poorerections(erectiledysfunction[ED]) –Lowspermcount –Enlargedbreastsand/orbreasttenderness•Overtime,lowtestosteronemaycauseamantolosemuscle
bulk,strength,andbodyhair;accumulatebodyfat;andhaveweakerbones(osteoporosis),moodchanges,lessenergy,andsmallertesticles
•Symptomsvaryfrompersontopersonandaccordingtolengthandseverityofhypogonadism
What causes low testosterone?
•Lowtestosteronecanbecausedbytesticularinjury(trauma,castration,radiation,orchemotherapy)orinfection,pituitarydisorders(pituitarytumorsordiseases),orotherdiseasesthataffectthewholebody(HIV/AIDS,chronicliverandkidneydisease,obesity,andtype2diabetes)
•Somemedications(includingstrongpainkillerssuchasmethadoneormorphineandanti-inflammatorydrugssuchasprednisone)andgeneticconditions(forexample,Klinefeltersyndrome,hemochromatosis)alsocancauselowtestosterone
•Manyoldermenhavelowtestosteronelevels
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis Effects of Low Testosterone How is low testosterone diagnosed?• Adiagnosisshouldbemadeonlywhenthere
are(a)symptomsandsignsthatcouldbecausedbylowtestosteroneand(b)consistentlylowbloodlevelsoftestosterone(measuredontwoormoreoccasionsbetween7:00and10:00am, whenlevelsarehighest)
• Diagnosisinvolvesamedicalhistory,inwhichyourdoctormayaskabout:
–Puberty(sexualdevelopment) –Pastorpresentmajorillnessesandnutritionaldeficiency –Allprescriptionandnonprescriptiondrugscurrentlybeingtaken –Relationshipproblems,suchassexualproblems –Recentmajorillnessesanddepression –Familyhistoryoflowtestosterone –Recentchangesinbodycharacteristics(forexample,breastenlargement) –Problemswithyourtesticles• Diagnosisinvolvesaphysicalexamination,inwhichyourdoctormay
assess: –Amountofbodyhair –Presenceofbreastenlargement/tenderness –Sizeandconsistencyofthetesticles;sizeofthepenis –Changesinperipheralvisionandvisualacuity(whichcouldindicatea
pituitarytumor,ararecauseoflowtestosterone)• Diagnosisinvolvesmeasurementoftestosterone –Normalrangeofbloodtotaltestosteroneisgenerally300to
1,000ng/dL(dependingonthelaboratorythatconductsthetest) –Illness,malnutrition,andcertainmedications(asnotedpreviously)
canreducetestosteronetemporarily,soyourdoctormayneedtowaituntilafteryourecoverorstoptakingsuchamedicationbeforeheorshecantakethemeasurement
–Yourdoctormayorderatesttomeasure“free”testosterone,atestthatmanyexpertsthinkisbetterthantotaltestosteroneincertaininstances
–Measurementoftestosteroneisrecommendedinthemorning;morethanonebloodtestandpossiblyothertestsofpituitaryglandhormonesmaybeneeded
How is low testosterone treated?
•Testosteronereplacementtherapycanimprovesexualinterest,erectilefunction,moodandenergy,bodyhairgrowth,bonedensity,andmusclemass
•Thereareseveralwaystoreplacetestosterone: –Injections –Patches –Gels –Tablets(sticktothegums) –Pellets –Pills(insomecountriesoutsidetheUnitedStates)
•Thebestmethoddependsonyourpreferenceandtolerance,aswellascost
•Theoverallgoaloftestosteronetherapyistoincreasetestosteronelevelsuptothemiddleofthenormalrange
•Toachieveyourtreatmentgoals,takeyourrecommendedmedicationasprescribed,keepregularappointmentswithyourdoctor,andadoptahealthylifestylethatincludesregularexerciseandgoodnutrition
Therapeutic Goals of Testosterone Therapy
•Improveandmaintainmasculinecharacteristics
•Improvesexdrive(libido)anderections
•Increaseenergyandwell-being
•Improvemusclemassandstrength
•Improvebonemineraldensity
BhasinS,MatsumotoAM,eds.The Hormone Foundation’s Patient Guide to Androgen Deficiency Syndromes in Adult Men.2nded.ChevyChase,MD:TheHormoneFoundation;2010.Reproducedwithpermission.
CunninghamGR,MatsumotoAM,SwedloffR,eds.Low Testosterone and Men’s Health.4thed.ChevyChase,MD:TheHormoneFoundation;March2010.
Are there any risks associated with testosterone treatment?• Groupsathigherriskofprostatecancer(includingAfricanAmerican
men,menover40whohavecloserelativeswithprostatecancer,andallmenover50)shouldbeofferedtestingforprostatecancerduringtestosteronetreatment
• Menwithbreastcancerorknownorsuspectedprostatecancershouldnotreceivetestosteronetherapy
• Testsyourdoctorwillperformbeforeandduringtestosteronetherapyinclude:
– Bloodteststodetermineyourhematocrit(thepercentageofredbloodcellsinyourblood)andyourtestosteronelevels
– Mostdoctorswillalsorecommendteststocheckforprostatecancer,including:
• Digitalrectalexam(DRE),inwhichthedoctorinsertsafingerintotherectumtofeelforabnormalitiesoftheprostateglandthatmightindicatecancer
• Bloodprostate-specificantigen(PSA)test,whichmightindicateanabnormalityoftheprostate
• Youshouldseeyourdoctor3to6monthsafteryoustarttreatmenttoevaluatewhetheryouareimprovingandifyouarehavinganyproblemsorsideeffects;aDRE,PSAtest,andbloodcountshouldbedoneatthattime;afterthisappointment,similarannualcheck-upsarerecommended
• Menwithosteoporosisorpastbonefracturewithlittletraumashouldreceiveabonemineraldensitytestofthespineandhipareabeforestartingtestosteronetreatmentandthen1or2yearsafterward
Possible Risks of Testosterone Treatment
•Highredbloodcellcount•Acne•Breastenlargement•Increaseinprostateenlargementordifficultywithurination•Increaseinprostatecancerdetection•Occasionaltemporarystoppingofbreathingduringsleep,called
sleep apnea(rarely)•Fluidbuild-upinankles,feetandlegs,callededema(rarely)
What should you do with this information?
•Discussanysymptomsoflowtestosteronewithyourdoctor
•Yourdoctormayreferyoutoanendocrinologist,adoctorthatspecializesinhormonedisorders
•Beopenwithyourdoctoraboutyourmedicalhistory,sexualproblems,andanymajorchangesinyourlife
•Bringallprescriptionandnonprescriptiondrugsyouarenowtakingtoeachdoctorvisit
•Youshouldtellyourdoctorhowwelltreatmentishelpingyoursymptomsandanysideeffectsyouarehaving
GnRH,gonadotropin-releasinghormone;LH,luteinizinghormone;FSH,follicle-stimulatinghormone
ALSO AVAILABLE
TheinteractiveiPhoneappcomponentoftheclinicianeducatorDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadismisnowavailable.Thisappincludesthefollowingfeatures:
•Contentpresentedinaneasilynavigableformat
•Convenientdesignforuseduringtime-constrainedofficevisits
•Linkstorelevantriskcalculators
•LinktoposttestforCMEcredit
ObtainthisfreeiPhoneappinanyofthefollowingways:
•Downloadtheappathttp://www.curatiocme.com/hypogonadism/iPhone
•ScantheQRcodebelow
CLINICIAN EDUCATORDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadism
Patient 2B Patient 3B Patient 4B Patient 5B Patient 6B Patient 7B
PATIENT GUIDEDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadism
Sponsored by and developed by in collaboration with
Support for this activity has been provided through an educational grant from
What is the role of testosterone in men’s health?•Testosteroneisthemostimportantsexhormoneinmen•Itisresponsiblefortypicalmalecharacteristicsandhelps
maintainsexdrive,spermproduction,muscle,bone,andpubicandbodyhair
•Testosteroneisproducedbythetesticlesunderthecontrolofhormonesproducedbythehypothalamus(inthebrain)andthepituitarygland(asmallglandatthebottomofthebrain)
•Lowtestosteronelevels(alsocalledhypogonadism)cancause: –Adropinsexdrive –Poorerections(erectiledysfunction[ED]) –Lowspermcount –Enlargedbreastsand/orbreasttenderness•Overtime,lowtestosteronemaycauseamantolosemuscle
bulk,strength,andbodyhair;accumulatebodyfat;andhaveweakerbones(osteoporosis),moodchanges,lessenergy,andsmallertesticles
•Symptomsvaryfrompersontopersonandaccordingtolengthandseverityofhypogonadism
What causes low testosterone?
•Lowtestosteronecanbecausedbytesticularinjury(trauma,castration,radiation,orchemotherapy)orinfection,pituitarydisorders(pituitarytumorsordiseases),orotherdiseasesthataffectthewholebody(HIV/AIDS,chronicliverandkidneydisease,obesity,andtype2diabetes)
•Somemedications(includingstrongpainkillerssuchasmethadoneormorphineandanti-inflammatorydrugssuchasprednisone)andgeneticconditions(forexample,Klinefeltersyndrome,hemochromatosis)alsocancauselowtestosterone
•Manyoldermenhavelowtestosteronelevels
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis Effects of Low Testosterone How is low testosterone diagnosed?• Adiagnosisshouldbemadeonlywhenthere
are(a)symptomsandsignsthatcouldbecausedbylowtestosteroneand(b)consistentlylowbloodlevelsoftestosterone(measuredontwoormoreoccasionsbetween7:00and10:00am, whenlevelsarehighest)
• Diagnosisinvolvesamedicalhistory,inwhichyourdoctormayaskabout:
–Puberty(sexualdevelopment) –Pastorpresentmajorillnessesandnutritionaldeficiency –Allprescriptionandnonprescriptiondrugscurrentlybeingtaken –Relationshipproblems,suchassexualproblems –Recentmajorillnessesanddepression –Familyhistoryoflowtestosterone –Recentchangesinbodycharacteristics(forexample,breastenlargement) –Problemswithyourtesticles• Diagnosisinvolvesaphysicalexamination,inwhichyourdoctormay
assess: –Amountofbodyhair –Presenceofbreastenlargement/tenderness –Sizeandconsistencyofthetesticles;sizeofthepenis –Changesinperipheralvisionandvisualacuity(whichcouldindicatea
pituitarytumor,ararecauseoflowtestosterone)• Diagnosisinvolvesmeasurementoftestosterone –Normalrangeofbloodtotaltestosteroneisgenerally300to
1,000ng/dL(dependingonthelaboratorythatconductsthetest) –Illness,malnutrition,andcertainmedications(asnotedpreviously)
canreducetestosteronetemporarily,soyourdoctormayneedtowaituntilafteryourecoverorstoptakingsuchamedicationbeforeheorshecantakethemeasurement
–Yourdoctormayorderatesttomeasure“free”testosterone,atestthatmanyexpertsthinkisbetterthantotaltestosteroneincertaininstances
–Measurementoftestosteroneisrecommendedinthemorning;morethanonebloodtestandpossiblyothertestsofpituitaryglandhormonesmaybeneeded
How is low testosterone treated?
•Testosteronereplacementtherapycanimprovesexualinterest,erectilefunction,moodandenergy,bodyhairgrowth,bonedensity,andmusclemass
•Thereareseveralwaystoreplacetestosterone: –Injections –Patches –Gels –Tablets(sticktothegums) –Pellets –Pills(insomecountriesoutsidetheUnitedStates)
•Thebestmethoddependsonyourpreferenceandtolerance,aswellascost
•Theoverallgoaloftestosteronetherapyistoincreasetestosteronelevelsuptothemiddleofthenormalrange
•Toachieveyourtreatmentgoals,takeyourrecommendedmedicationasprescribed,keepregularappointmentswithyourdoctor,andadoptahealthylifestylethatincludesregularexerciseandgoodnutrition
Therapeutic Goals of Testosterone Therapy
•Improveandmaintainmasculinecharacteristics
•Improvesexdrive(libido)anderections
•Increaseenergyandwell-being
•Improvemusclemassandstrength
•Improvebonemineraldensity
BhasinS,MatsumotoAM,eds.The Hormone Foundation’s Patient Guide to Androgen Deficiency Syndromes in Adult Men.2nded.ChevyChase,MD:TheHormoneFoundation;2010.Reproducedwithpermission.
CunninghamGR,MatsumotoAM,SwedloffR,eds.Low Testosterone and Men’s Health.4thed.ChevyChase,MD:TheHormoneFoundation;March2010.
Are there any risks associated with testosterone treatment?• Groupsathigherriskofprostatecancer(includingAfricanAmerican
men,menover40whohavecloserelativeswithprostatecancer,andallmenover50)shouldbeofferedtestingforprostatecancerduringtestosteronetreatment
• Menwithbreastcancerorknownorsuspectedprostatecancershouldnotreceivetestosteronetherapy
• Testsyourdoctorwillperformbeforeandduringtestosteronetherapyinclude:
– Bloodteststodetermineyourhematocrit(thepercentageofredbloodcellsinyourblood)andyourtestosteronelevels
– Mostdoctorswillalsorecommendteststocheckforprostatecancer,including:
• Digitalrectalexam(DRE),inwhichthedoctorinsertsafingerintotherectumtofeelforabnormalitiesoftheprostateglandthatmightindicatecancer
• Bloodprostate-specificantigen(PSA)test,whichmightindicateanabnormalityoftheprostate
• Youshouldseeyourdoctor3to6monthsafteryoustarttreatmenttoevaluatewhetheryouareimprovingandifyouarehavinganyproblemsorsideeffects;aDRE,PSAtest,andbloodcountshouldbedoneatthattime;afterthisappointment,similarannualcheck-upsarerecommended
• Menwithosteoporosisorpastbonefracturewithlittletraumashouldreceiveabonemineraldensitytestofthespineandhipareabeforestartingtestosteronetreatmentandthen1or2yearsafterward
Possible Risks of Testosterone Treatment
•Highredbloodcellcount•Acne•Breastenlargement•Increaseinprostateenlargementordifficultywithurination•Increaseinprostatecancerdetection•Occasionaltemporarystoppingofbreathingduringsleep,called
sleep apnea(rarely)•Fluidbuild-upinankles,feetandlegs,callededema(rarely)
What should you do with this information?
•Discussanysymptomsoflowtestosteronewithyourdoctor
•Yourdoctormayreferyoutoanendocrinologist,adoctorthatspecializesinhormonedisorders
•Beopenwithyourdoctoraboutyourmedicalhistory,sexualproblems,andanymajorchangesinyourlife
•Bringallprescriptionandnonprescriptiondrugsyouarenowtakingtoeachdoctorvisit
•Youshouldtellyourdoctorhowwelltreatmentishelpingyoursymptomsandanysideeffectsyouarehaving
GnRH,gonadotropin-releasinghormone;LH,luteinizinghormone;FSH,follicle-stimulatinghormone
ALSO AVAILABLE
TheinteractiveiPhoneappcomponentoftheclinicianeducatorDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadismisnowavailable.Thisappincludesthefollowingfeatures:
•Contentpresentedinaneasilynavigableformat
•Convenientdesignforuseduringtime-constrainedofficevisits
•Linkstorelevantriskcalculators
•LinktoposttestforCMEcredit
ObtainthisfreeiPhoneappinanyofthefollowingways:
•Downloadtheappathttp://www.curatiocme.com/hypogonadism/iPhone
•ScantheQRcodebelow
CLINICIAN EDUCATORDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadism
Patient 2B Patient 3B Patient 4B Patient 5B Patient 6B Patient 7B
PATIENT GUIDEDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadism
Sponsored by and developed by in collaboration with
Support for this activity has been provided through an educational grant from
What is the role of testosterone in men’s health?•Testosteroneisthemostimportantsexhormoneinmen•Itisresponsiblefortypicalmalecharacteristicsandhelps
maintainsexdrive,spermproduction,muscle,bone,andpubicandbodyhair
•Testosteroneisproducedbythetesticlesunderthecontrolofhormonesproducedbythehypothalamus(inthebrain)andthepituitarygland(asmallglandatthebottomofthebrain)
•Lowtestosteronelevels(alsocalledhypogonadism)cancause: –Adropinsexdrive –Poorerections(erectiledysfunction[ED]) –Lowspermcount –Enlargedbreastsand/orbreasttenderness•Overtime,lowtestosteronemaycauseamantolosemuscle
bulk,strength,andbodyhair;accumulatebodyfat;andhaveweakerbones(osteoporosis),moodchanges,lessenergy,andsmallertesticles
•Symptomsvaryfrompersontopersonandaccordingtolengthandseverityofhypogonadism
What causes low testosterone?
•Lowtestosteronecanbecausedbytesticularinjury(trauma,castration,radiation,orchemotherapy)orinfection,pituitarydisorders(pituitarytumorsordiseases),orotherdiseasesthataffectthewholebody(HIV/AIDS,chronicliverandkidneydisease,obesity,andtype2diabetes)
•Somemedications(includingstrongpainkillerssuchasmethadoneormorphineandanti-inflammatorydrugssuchasprednisone)andgeneticconditions(forexample,Klinefeltersyndrome,hemochromatosis)alsocancauselowtestosterone
•Manyoldermenhavelowtestosteronelevels
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis Effects of Low Testosterone How is low testosterone diagnosed?• Adiagnosisshouldbemadeonlywhenthere
are(a)symptomsandsignsthatcouldbecausedbylowtestosteroneand(b)consistentlylowbloodlevelsoftestosterone(measuredontwoormoreoccasionsbetween7:00and10:00am, whenlevelsarehighest)
• Diagnosisinvolvesamedicalhistory,inwhichyourdoctormayaskabout:
–Puberty(sexualdevelopment) –Pastorpresentmajorillnessesandnutritionaldeficiency –Allprescriptionandnonprescriptiondrugscurrentlybeingtaken –Relationshipproblems,suchassexualproblems –Recentmajorillnessesanddepression –Familyhistoryoflowtestosterone –Recentchangesinbodycharacteristics(forexample,breastenlargement) –Problemswithyourtesticles• Diagnosisinvolvesaphysicalexamination,inwhichyourdoctormay
assess: –Amountofbodyhair –Presenceofbreastenlargement/tenderness –Sizeandconsistencyofthetesticles;sizeofthepenis –Changesinperipheralvisionandvisualacuity(whichcouldindicatea
pituitarytumor,ararecauseoflowtestosterone)• Diagnosisinvolvesmeasurementoftestosterone –Normalrangeofbloodtotaltestosteroneisgenerally300to
1,000ng/dL(dependingonthelaboratorythatconductsthetest) –Illness,malnutrition,andcertainmedications(asnotedpreviously)
canreducetestosteronetemporarily,soyourdoctormayneedtowaituntilafteryourecoverorstoptakingsuchamedicationbeforeheorshecantakethemeasurement
–Yourdoctormayorderatesttomeasure“free”testosterone,atestthatmanyexpertsthinkisbetterthantotaltestosteroneincertaininstances
–Measurementoftestosteroneisrecommendedinthemorning;morethanonebloodtestandpossiblyothertestsofpituitaryglandhormonesmaybeneeded
How is low testosterone treated?
•Testosteronereplacementtherapycanimprovesexualinterest,erectilefunction,moodandenergy,bodyhairgrowth,bonedensity,andmusclemass
•Thereareseveralwaystoreplacetestosterone: –Injections –Patches –Gels –Tablets(sticktothegums) –Pellets –Pills(insomecountriesoutsidetheUnitedStates)
•Thebestmethoddependsonyourpreferenceandtolerance,aswellascost
•Theoverallgoaloftestosteronetherapyistoincreasetestosteronelevelsuptothemiddleofthenormalrange
•Toachieveyourtreatmentgoals,takeyourrecommendedmedicationasprescribed,keepregularappointmentswithyourdoctor,andadoptahealthylifestylethatincludesregularexerciseandgoodnutrition
Therapeutic Goals of Testosterone Therapy
•Improveandmaintainmasculinecharacteristics
•Improvesexdrive(libido)anderections
•Increaseenergyandwell-being
•Improvemusclemassandstrength
•Improvebonemineraldensity
BhasinS,MatsumotoAM,eds.The Hormone Foundation’s Patient Guide to Androgen Deficiency Syndromes in Adult Men.2nded.ChevyChase,MD:TheHormoneFoundation;2010.Reproducedwithpermission.
CunninghamGR,MatsumotoAM,SwedloffR,eds.Low Testosterone and Men’s Health.4thed.ChevyChase,MD:TheHormoneFoundation;March2010.
Are there any risks associated with testosterone treatment?• Groupsathigherriskofprostatecancer(includingAfricanAmerican
men,menover40whohavecloserelativeswithprostatecancer,andallmenover50)shouldbeofferedtestingforprostatecancerduringtestosteronetreatment
• Menwithbreastcancerorknownorsuspectedprostatecancershouldnotreceivetestosteronetherapy
• Testsyourdoctorwillperformbeforeandduringtestosteronetherapyinclude:
– Bloodteststodetermineyourhematocrit(thepercentageofredbloodcellsinyourblood)andyourtestosteronelevels
– Mostdoctorswillalsorecommendteststocheckforprostatecancer,including:
• Digitalrectalexam(DRE),inwhichthedoctorinsertsafingerintotherectumtofeelforabnormalitiesoftheprostateglandthatmightindicatecancer
• Bloodprostate-specificantigen(PSA)test,whichmightindicateanabnormalityoftheprostate
• Youshouldseeyourdoctor3to6monthsafteryoustarttreatmenttoevaluatewhetheryouareimprovingandifyouarehavinganyproblemsorsideeffects;aDRE,PSAtest,andbloodcountshouldbedoneatthattime;afterthisappointment,similarannualcheck-upsarerecommended
• Menwithosteoporosisorpastbonefracturewithlittletraumashouldreceiveabonemineraldensitytestofthespineandhipareabeforestartingtestosteronetreatmentandthen1or2yearsafterward
Possible Risks of Testosterone Treatment
•Highredbloodcellcount•Acne•Breastenlargement•Increaseinprostateenlargementordifficultywithurination•Increaseinprostatecancerdetection•Occasionaltemporarystoppingofbreathingduringsleep,called
sleep apnea(rarely)•Fluidbuild-upinankles,feetandlegs,callededema(rarely)
What should you do with this information?
•Discussanysymptomsoflowtestosteronewithyourdoctor
•Yourdoctormayreferyoutoanendocrinologist,adoctorthatspecializesinhormonedisorders
•Beopenwithyourdoctoraboutyourmedicalhistory,sexualproblems,andanymajorchangesinyourlife
•Bringallprescriptionandnonprescriptiondrugsyouarenowtakingtoeachdoctorvisit
•Youshouldtellyourdoctorhowwelltreatmentishelpingyoursymptomsandanysideeffectsyouarehaving
GnRH,gonadotropin-releasinghormone;LH,luteinizinghormone;FSH,follicle-stimulatinghormone
ALSO AVAILABLE
TheinteractiveiPhoneappcomponentoftheclinicianeducatorDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadismisnowavailable.Thisappincludesthefollowingfeatures:
•Contentpresentedinaneasilynavigableformat
•Convenientdesignforuseduringtime-constrainedofficevisits
•Linkstorelevantriskcalculators
•LinktoposttestforCMEcredit
ObtainthisfreeiPhoneappinanyofthefollowingways:
•Downloadtheappathttp://www.curatiocme.com/hypogonadism/iPhone
•ScantheQRcodebelow
CLINICIAN EDUCATORDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadism
Patient 2B Patient 3B Patient 4B Patient 5B Patient 6B Patient 7B
PATIENT GUIDEDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadism
Sponsored by and developed by in collaboration with
Support for this activity has been provided through an educational grant from
What is the role of testosterone in men’s health?•Testosteroneisthemostimportantsexhormoneinmen•Itisresponsiblefortypicalmalecharacteristicsandhelps
maintainsexdrive,spermproduction,muscle,bone,andpubicandbodyhair
•Testosteroneisproducedbythetesticlesunderthecontrolofhormonesproducedbythehypothalamus(inthebrain)andthepituitarygland(asmallglandatthebottomofthebrain)
•Lowtestosteronelevels(alsocalledhypogonadism)cancause: –Adropinsexdrive –Poorerections(erectiledysfunction[ED]) –Lowspermcount –Enlargedbreastsand/orbreasttenderness•Overtime,lowtestosteronemaycauseamantolosemuscle
bulk,strength,andbodyhair;accumulatebodyfat;andhaveweakerbones(osteoporosis),moodchanges,lessenergy,andsmallertesticles
•Symptomsvaryfrompersontopersonandaccordingtolengthandseverityofhypogonadism
What causes low testosterone?
•Lowtestosteronecanbecausedbytesticularinjury(trauma,castration,radiation,orchemotherapy)orinfection,pituitarydisorders(pituitarytumorsordiseases),orotherdiseasesthataffectthewholebody(HIV/AIDS,chronicliverandkidneydisease,obesity,andtype2diabetes)
•Somemedications(includingstrongpainkillerssuchasmethadoneormorphineandanti-inflammatorydrugssuchasprednisone)andgeneticconditions(forexample,Klinefeltersyndrome,hemochromatosis)alsocancauselowtestosterone
•Manyoldermenhavelowtestosteronelevels
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis Effects of Low Testosterone How is low testosterone diagnosed?• Adiagnosisshouldbemadeonlywhenthere
are(a)symptomsandsignsthatcouldbecausedbylowtestosteroneand(b)consistentlylowbloodlevelsoftestosterone(measuredontwoormoreoccasionsbetween7:00and10:00am, whenlevelsarehighest)
• Diagnosisinvolvesamedicalhistory,inwhichyourdoctormayaskabout:
–Puberty(sexualdevelopment) –Pastorpresentmajorillnessesandnutritionaldeficiency –Allprescriptionandnonprescriptiondrugscurrentlybeingtaken –Relationshipproblems,suchassexualproblems –Recentmajorillnessesanddepression –Familyhistoryoflowtestosterone –Recentchangesinbodycharacteristics(forexample,breastenlargement) –Problemswithyourtesticles• Diagnosisinvolvesaphysicalexamination,inwhichyourdoctormay
assess: –Amountofbodyhair –Presenceofbreastenlargement/tenderness –Sizeandconsistencyofthetesticles;sizeofthepenis –Changesinperipheralvisionandvisualacuity(whichcouldindicatea
pituitarytumor,ararecauseoflowtestosterone)• Diagnosisinvolvesmeasurementoftestosterone –Normalrangeofbloodtotaltestosteroneisgenerally300to
1,000ng/dL(dependingonthelaboratorythatconductsthetest) –Illness,malnutrition,andcertainmedications(asnotedpreviously)
canreducetestosteronetemporarily,soyourdoctormayneedtowaituntilafteryourecoverorstoptakingsuchamedicationbeforeheorshecantakethemeasurement
–Yourdoctormayorderatesttomeasure“free”testosterone,atestthatmanyexpertsthinkisbetterthantotaltestosteroneincertaininstances
–Measurementoftestosteroneisrecommendedinthemorning;morethanonebloodtestandpossiblyothertestsofpituitaryglandhormonesmaybeneeded
How is low testosterone treated?
•Testosteronereplacementtherapycanimprovesexualinterest,erectilefunction,moodandenergy,bodyhairgrowth,bonedensity,andmusclemass
•Thereareseveralwaystoreplacetestosterone: –Injections –Patches –Gels –Tablets(sticktothegums) –Pellets –Pills(insomecountriesoutsidetheUnitedStates)
•Thebestmethoddependsonyourpreferenceandtolerance,aswellascost
•Theoverallgoaloftestosteronetherapyistoincreasetestosteronelevelsuptothemiddleofthenormalrange
•Toachieveyourtreatmentgoals,takeyourrecommendedmedicationasprescribed,keepregularappointmentswithyourdoctor,andadoptahealthylifestylethatincludesregularexerciseandgoodnutrition
Therapeutic Goals of Testosterone Therapy
•Improveandmaintainmasculinecharacteristics
•Improvesexdrive(libido)anderections
•Increaseenergyandwell-being
•Improvemusclemassandstrength
•Improvebonemineraldensity
BhasinS,MatsumotoAM,eds.The Hormone Foundation’s Patient Guide to Androgen Deficiency Syndromes in Adult Men.2nded.ChevyChase,MD:TheHormoneFoundation;2010.Reproducedwithpermission.
CunninghamGR,MatsumotoAM,SwedloffR,eds.Low Testosterone and Men’s Health.4thed.ChevyChase,MD:TheHormoneFoundation;March2010.
Are there any risks associated with testosterone treatment?• Groupsathigherriskofprostatecancer(includingAfricanAmerican
men,menover40whohavecloserelativeswithprostatecancer,andallmenover50)shouldbeofferedtestingforprostatecancerduringtestosteronetreatment
• Menwithbreastcancerorknownorsuspectedprostatecancershouldnotreceivetestosteronetherapy
• Testsyourdoctorwillperformbeforeandduringtestosteronetherapyinclude:
– Bloodteststodetermineyourhematocrit(thepercentageofredbloodcellsinyourblood)andyourtestosteronelevels
– Mostdoctorswillalsorecommendteststocheckforprostatecancer,including:
• Digitalrectalexam(DRE),inwhichthedoctorinsertsafingerintotherectumtofeelforabnormalitiesoftheprostateglandthatmightindicatecancer
• Bloodprostate-specificantigen(PSA)test,whichmightindicateanabnormalityoftheprostate
• Youshouldseeyourdoctor3to6monthsafteryoustarttreatmenttoevaluatewhetheryouareimprovingandifyouarehavinganyproblemsorsideeffects;aDRE,PSAtest,andbloodcountshouldbedoneatthattime;afterthisappointment,similarannualcheck-upsarerecommended
• Menwithosteoporosisorpastbonefracturewithlittletraumashouldreceiveabonemineraldensitytestofthespineandhipareabeforestartingtestosteronetreatmentandthen1or2yearsafterward
Possible Risks of Testosterone Treatment
•Highredbloodcellcount•Acne•Breastenlargement•Increaseinprostateenlargementordifficultywithurination•Increaseinprostatecancerdetection•Occasionaltemporarystoppingofbreathingduringsleep,called
sleep apnea(rarely)•Fluidbuild-upinankles,feetandlegs,callededema(rarely)
What should you do with this information?
•Discussanysymptomsoflowtestosteronewithyourdoctor
•Yourdoctormayreferyoutoanendocrinologist,adoctorthatspecializesinhormonedisorders
•Beopenwithyourdoctoraboutyourmedicalhistory,sexualproblems,andanymajorchangesinyourlife
•Bringallprescriptionandnonprescriptiondrugsyouarenowtakingtoeachdoctorvisit
•Youshouldtellyourdoctorhowwelltreatmentishelpingyoursymptomsandanysideeffectsyouarehaving
GnRH,gonadotropin-releasinghormone;LH,luteinizinghormone;FSH,follicle-stimulatinghormone
ALSO AVAILABLE
TheinteractiveiPhoneappcomponentoftheclinicianeducatorDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadismisnowavailable.Thisappincludesthefollowingfeatures:
•Contentpresentedinaneasilynavigableformat
•Convenientdesignforuseduringtime-constrainedofficevisits
•Linkstorelevantriskcalculators
•LinktoposttestforCMEcredit
ObtainthisfreeiPhoneappinanyofthefollowingways:
•Downloadtheappathttp://www.curatiocme.com/hypogonadism/iPhone
•ScantheQRcodebelow
CLINICIAN EDUCATORDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadism
Patient 2B Patient 3B Patient 4B Patient 5B Patient 6B Patient 7B
PATIENT GUIDEDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadism
Sponsored by and developed by in collaboration with
Support for this activity has been provided through an educational grant from
What is the role of testosterone in men’s health?•Testosteroneisthemostimportantsexhormoneinmen•Itisresponsiblefortypicalmalecharacteristicsandhelps
maintainsexdrive,spermproduction,muscle,bone,andpubicandbodyhair
•Testosteroneisproducedbythetesticlesunderthecontrolofhormonesproducedbythehypothalamus(inthebrain)andthepituitarygland(asmallglandatthebottomofthebrain)
•Lowtestosteronelevels(alsocalledhypogonadism)cancause: –Adropinsexdrive –Poorerections(erectiledysfunction[ED]) –Lowspermcount –Enlargedbreastsand/orbreasttenderness•Overtime,lowtestosteronemaycauseamantolosemuscle
bulk,strength,andbodyhair;accumulatebodyfat;andhaveweakerbones(osteoporosis),moodchanges,lessenergy,andsmallertesticles
•Symptomsvaryfrompersontopersonandaccordingtolengthandseverityofhypogonadism
What causes low testosterone?
•Lowtestosteronecanbecausedbytesticularinjury(trauma,castration,radiation,orchemotherapy)orinfection,pituitarydisorders(pituitarytumorsordiseases),orotherdiseasesthataffectthewholebody(HIV/AIDS,chronicliverandkidneydisease,obesity,andtype2diabetes)
•Somemedications(includingstrongpainkillerssuchasmethadoneormorphineandanti-inflammatorydrugssuchasprednisone)andgeneticconditions(forexample,Klinefeltersyndrome,hemochromatosis)alsocancauselowtestosterone
•Manyoldermenhavelowtestosteronelevels
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis Effects of Low Testosterone How is low testosterone diagnosed?• Adiagnosisshouldbemadeonlywhenthere
are(a)symptomsandsignsthatcouldbecausedbylowtestosteroneand(b)consistentlylowbloodlevelsoftestosterone(measuredontwoormoreoccasionsbetween7:00and10:00am, whenlevelsarehighest)
• Diagnosisinvolvesamedicalhistory,inwhichyourdoctormayaskabout:
–Puberty(sexualdevelopment) –Pastorpresentmajorillnessesandnutritionaldeficiency –Allprescriptionandnonprescriptiondrugscurrentlybeingtaken –Relationshipproblems,suchassexualproblems –Recentmajorillnessesanddepression –Familyhistoryoflowtestosterone –Recentchangesinbodycharacteristics(forexample,breastenlargement) –Problemswithyourtesticles• Diagnosisinvolvesaphysicalexamination,inwhichyourdoctormay
assess: –Amountofbodyhair –Presenceofbreastenlargement/tenderness –Sizeandconsistencyofthetesticles;sizeofthepenis –Changesinperipheralvisionandvisualacuity(whichcouldindicatea
pituitarytumor,ararecauseoflowtestosterone)• Diagnosisinvolvesmeasurementoftestosterone –Normalrangeofbloodtotaltestosteroneisgenerally300to
1,000ng/dL(dependingonthelaboratorythatconductsthetest) –Illness,malnutrition,andcertainmedications(asnotedpreviously)
canreducetestosteronetemporarily,soyourdoctormayneedtowaituntilafteryourecoverorstoptakingsuchamedicationbeforeheorshecantakethemeasurement
–Yourdoctormayorderatesttomeasure“free”testosterone,atestthatmanyexpertsthinkisbetterthantotaltestosteroneincertaininstances
–Measurementoftestosteroneisrecommendedinthemorning;morethanonebloodtestandpossiblyothertestsofpituitaryglandhormonesmaybeneeded
How is low testosterone treated?
•Testosteronereplacementtherapycanimprovesexualinterest,erectilefunction,moodandenergy,bodyhairgrowth,bonedensity,andmusclemass
•Thereareseveralwaystoreplacetestosterone: –Injections –Patches –Gels –Tablets(sticktothegums) –Pellets –Pills(insomecountriesoutsidetheUnitedStates)
•Thebestmethoddependsonyourpreferenceandtolerance,aswellascost
•Theoverallgoaloftestosteronetherapyistoincreasetestosteronelevelsuptothemiddleofthenormalrange
•Toachieveyourtreatmentgoals,takeyourrecommendedmedicationasprescribed,keepregularappointmentswithyourdoctor,andadoptahealthylifestylethatincludesregularexerciseandgoodnutrition
Therapeutic Goals of Testosterone Therapy
•Improveandmaintainmasculinecharacteristics
•Improvesexdrive(libido)anderections
•Increaseenergyandwell-being
•Improvemusclemassandstrength
•Improvebonemineraldensity
BhasinS,MatsumotoAM,eds.The Hormone Foundation’s Patient Guide to Androgen Deficiency Syndromes in Adult Men.2nded.ChevyChase,MD:TheHormoneFoundation;2010.Reproducedwithpermission.
CunninghamGR,MatsumotoAM,SwedloffR,eds.Low Testosterone and Men’s Health.4thed.ChevyChase,MD:TheHormoneFoundation;March2010.
Are there any risks associated with testosterone treatment?• Groupsathigherriskofprostatecancer(includingAfricanAmerican
men,menover40whohavecloserelativeswithprostatecancer,andallmenover50)shouldbeofferedtestingforprostatecancerduringtestosteronetreatment
• Menwithbreastcancerorknownorsuspectedprostatecancershouldnotreceivetestosteronetherapy
• Testsyourdoctorwillperformbeforeandduringtestosteronetherapyinclude:
– Bloodteststodetermineyourhematocrit(thepercentageofredbloodcellsinyourblood)andyourtestosteronelevels
– Mostdoctorswillalsorecommendteststocheckforprostatecancer,including:
• Digitalrectalexam(DRE),inwhichthedoctorinsertsafingerintotherectumtofeelforabnormalitiesoftheprostateglandthatmightindicatecancer
• Bloodprostate-specificantigen(PSA)test,whichmightindicateanabnormalityoftheprostate
• Youshouldseeyourdoctor3to6monthsafteryoustarttreatmenttoevaluatewhetheryouareimprovingandifyouarehavinganyproblemsorsideeffects;aDRE,PSAtest,andbloodcountshouldbedoneatthattime;afterthisappointment,similarannualcheck-upsarerecommended
• Menwithosteoporosisorpastbonefracturewithlittletraumashouldreceiveabonemineraldensitytestofthespineandhipareabeforestartingtestosteronetreatmentandthen1or2yearsafterward
Cunningham GR, Matsumoto AM, Swedloff R, eds. Low Testosterone and Men’s Health.Low Testosterone and Men’s Health.
Possible Risks of Testosterone Treatment
•Highredbloodcellcount•Acne•Breastenlargement•Increaseinprostateenlargementordifficultywithurination•Increaseinprostatecancerdetection•Occasionaltemporarystoppingofbreathingduringsleep,called
sleep apnea(rarely)•Fluidbuild-upinankles,feetandlegs,callededema(rarely)
What should you do with this information?
•Discussanysymptomsoflowtestosteronewithyourdoctor
•Yourdoctormayreferyoutoanendocrinologist,adoctorthatspecializesinhormonedisorders
•Beopenwithyourdoctoraboutyourmedicalhistory,sexualproblems,andanymajorchangesinyourlife
•Bringallprescriptionandnonprescriptiondrugsyouarenowtakingtoeachdoctorvisit
•Youshouldtellyourdoctorhowwelltreatmentishelpingyoursymptomsandanysideeffectsyouarehaving
GnRH,gonadotropin-releasinghormone;LH,luteinizinghormone;FSH,follicle-stimulatinghormone
ALSO AVAILABLE
TheinteractiveiPhoneappcomponentoftheclinicianeducatorDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadismisnowavailable.Thisappincludesthefollowingfeatures:
•Contentpresentedinaneasilynavigableformat
•Convenientdesignforuseduringtime-constrainedofficevisits
•Linkstorelevantriskcalculators
•LinktoposttestforCMEcredit
ObtainthisfreeiPhoneappinanyofthefollowingways:
•Downloadtheappathttp://www.curatiocme.com/hypogonadism/iPhone
•ScantheQRcodebelow
CLINICIAN EDUCATORDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadism
Patient 2B Patient 3B Patient 4B Patient 5B Patient 6B Patient 7B
PATIENT GUIDEDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadism
Sponsored by and developed by in collaboration with
Support for this activity has been provided through an educational grant from
What is the role of testosterone in men’s health?•Testosteroneisthemostimportantsexhormoneinmen•Itisresponsiblefortypicalmalecharacteristicsandhelps
maintainsexdrive,spermproduction,muscle,bone,andpubicandbodyhair
•Testosteroneisproducedbythetesticlesunderthecontrolofhormonesproducedbythehypothalamus(inthebrain)andthepituitarygland(asmallglandatthebottomofthebrain)
•Lowtestosteronelevels(alsocalledhypogonadism)cancause: –Adropinsexdrive –Poorerections(erectiledysfunction[ED]) –Lowspermcount –Enlargedbreastsand/orbreasttenderness•Overtime,lowtestosteronemaycauseamantolosemuscle
bulk,strength,andbodyhair;accumulatebodyfat;andhaveweakerbones(osteoporosis),moodchanges,lessenergy,andsmallertesticles
•Symptomsvaryfrompersontopersonandaccordingtolengthandseverityofhypogonadism
What causes low testosterone?
•Lowtestosteronecanbecausedbytesticularinjury(trauma,castration,radiation,orchemotherapy)orinfection,pituitarydisorders(pituitarytumorsordiseases),orotherdiseasesthataffectthewholebody(HIV/AIDS,chronicliverandkidneydisease,obesity,andtype2diabetes)
•Somemedications(includingstrongpainkillerssuchasmethadoneormorphineandanti-inflammatorydrugssuchasprednisone)andgeneticconditions(forexample,Klinefeltersyndrome,hemochromatosis)alsocancauselowtestosterone
•Manyoldermenhavelowtestosteronelevels
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis Effects of Low Testosterone How is low testosterone diagnosed?• Adiagnosisshouldbemadeonlywhenthere
are(a)symptomsandsignsthatcouldbecausedbylowtestosteroneand(b)consistentlylowbloodlevelsoftestosterone(measuredontwoormoreoccasionsbetween7:00and10:00am, whenlevelsarehighest)
• Diagnosisinvolvesamedicalhistory,inwhichyourdoctormayaskabout:
–Puberty(sexualdevelopment) –Pastorpresentmajorillnessesandnutritionaldeficiency –Allprescriptionandnonprescriptiondrugscurrentlybeingtaken –Relationshipproblems,suchassexualproblems –Recentmajorillnessesanddepression –Familyhistoryoflowtestosterone –Recentchangesinbodycharacteristics(forexample,breastenlargement) –Problemswithyourtesticles• Diagnosisinvolvesaphysicalexamination,inwhichyourdoctormay
assess: –Amountofbodyhair –Presenceofbreastenlargement/tenderness –Sizeandconsistencyofthetesticles;sizeofthepenis –Changesinperipheralvisionandvisualacuity(whichcouldindicatea
pituitarytumor,ararecauseoflowtestosterone)• Diagnosisinvolvesmeasurementoftestosterone –Normalrangeofbloodtotaltestosteroneisgenerally300to
1,000ng/dL(dependingonthelaboratorythatconductsthetest) –Illness,malnutrition,andcertainmedications(asnotedpreviously)
canreducetestosteronetemporarily,soyourdoctormayneedtowaituntilafteryourecoverorstoptakingsuchamedicationbeforeheorshecantakethemeasurement
–Yourdoctormayorderatesttomeasure“free”testosterone,atestthatmanyexpertsthinkisbetterthantotaltestosteroneincertaininstances
–Measurementoftestosteroneisrecommendedinthemorning;morethanonebloodtestandpossiblyothertestsofpituitaryglandhormonesmaybeneeded
How is low testosterone treated?
•Testosteronereplacementtherapycanimprovesexualinterest,erectilefunction,moodandenergy,bodyhairgrowth,bonedensity,andmusclemass
•Thereareseveralwaystoreplacetestosterone: –Injections –Patches –Gels –Tablets(sticktothegums) –Pellets –Pills(insomecountriesoutsidetheUnitedStates)
•Thebestmethoddependsonyourpreferenceandtolerance,aswellascost
•Theoverallgoaloftestosteronetherapyistoincreasetestosteronelevelsuptothemiddleofthenormalrange
•Toachieveyourtreatmentgoals,takeyourrecommendedmedicationasprescribed,keepregularappointmentswithyourdoctor,andadoptahealthylifestylethatincludesregularexerciseandgoodnutrition
Therapeutic Goals of Testosterone Therapy
•Improveandmaintainmasculinecharacteristics
•Improvesexdrive(libido)anderections
•Increaseenergyandwell-being
•Improvemusclemassandstrength
•Improvebonemineraldensity
BhasinS,MatsumotoAM,eds.The Hormone Foundation’s Patient Guide to Androgen Deficiency Syndromes in Adult Men.2nded.ChevyChase,MD:TheHormoneFoundation;2010.Reproducedwithpermission.
CunninghamGR,MatsumotoAM,SwedloffR,eds.Low Testosterone and Men’s Health.4thed.ChevyChase,MD:TheHormoneFoundation;March2010.
Are there any risks associated with testosterone treatment?• Groupsathigherriskofprostatecancer(includingAfricanAmerican
men,menover40whohavecloserelativeswithprostatecancer,andallmenover50)shouldbeofferedtestingforprostatecancerduringtestosteronetreatment
• Menwithbreastcancerorknownorsuspectedprostatecancershouldnotreceivetestosteronetherapy
• Testsyourdoctorwillperformbeforeandduringtestosteronetherapyinclude:
– Bloodteststodetermineyourhematocrit(thepercentageofredbloodcellsinyourblood)andyourtestosteronelevels
– Mostdoctorswillalsorecommendteststocheckforprostatecancer,including:
• Digitalrectalexam(DRE),inwhichthedoctorinsertsafingerintotherectumtofeelforabnormalitiesoftheprostateglandthatmightindicatecancer
• Bloodprostate-specificantigen(PSA)test,whichmightindicateanabnormalityoftheprostate
• Youshouldseeyourdoctor3to6monthsafteryoustarttreatmenttoevaluatewhetheryouareimprovingandifyouarehavinganyproblemsorsideeffects;aDRE,PSAtest,andbloodcountshouldbedoneatthattime;afterthisappointment,similarannualcheck-upsarerecommended
• Menwithosteoporosisorpastbonefracturewithlittletraumashouldreceiveabonemineraldensitytestofthespineandhipareabeforestartingtestosteronetreatmentandthen1or2yearsafterward
Possible Risks of Testosterone Treatment
•Highredbloodcellcount•Acne•Breastenlargement•Increaseinprostateenlargementordifficultywithurination•Increaseinprostatecancerdetection•Occasionaltemporarystoppingofbreathingduringsleep,called
sleep apnea(rarely)•Fluidbuild-upinankles,feetandlegs,callededema(rarely)
What should you do with this information?
•Discussanysymptomsoflowtestosteronewithyourdoctor
•Yourdoctormayreferyoutoanendocrinologist,adoctorthatspecializesinhormonedisorders
•Beopenwithyourdoctoraboutyourmedicalhistory,sexualproblems,andanymajorchangesinyourlife
•Bringallprescriptionandnonprescriptiondrugsyouarenowtakingtoeachdoctorvisit
•Youshouldtellyourdoctorhowwelltreatmentishelpingyoursymptomsandanysideeffectsyouarehaving
GnRH,gonadotropin-releasinghormone;LH,luteinizinghormone;FSH,follicle-stimulatinghormone
ALSO AVAILABLE
TheinteractiveiPhoneappcomponentoftheclinicianeducatorDiagnosis and Treatment of Male Hypogonadismisnowavailable.Thisappincludesthefollowingfeatures:
•Contentpresentedinaneasilynavigableformat
•Convenientdesignforuseduringtime-constrainedofficevisits
•Linkstorelevantriskcalculators
•LinktoposttestforCMEcredit
ObtainthisfreeiPhoneappinanyofthefollowingways:
•Downloadtheappathttp://www.curatiocme.com/hypogonadism/iPhone
•ScantheQRcodebelow