Clinical Psychology Unit 4
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Transcript of Clinical Psychology Unit 4
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Clinical Psychology Unit 4
Describe the features and symptoms of
Schizophrenia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iasrGrbylIM
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CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICSOF SCHIZOPHRENIA
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Learning objectives
You must: Identify two or more clinical characteristics of
schizophrenia Know and explain differences in the prevalence of
this disorder in different populations
You should: Explain the differences between Type 1 and Type 2
You could also: Outline the difficulties when making a diagnosis
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WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA?
Schizophrenia is not a multiple personality
It is a psychotic disorder characterized by the loss of contact with reality
It has many different manifestations with a few shared features
formerly referred to as: Lunacy, madness or insanity
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWaFqw8XnpA
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CLASSIFICATION
POSITIVE SYMPTOMS – TYPE 1 Distortion of normal function
NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS – TYPE 2 Lack of normal function
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, under the control of an alien force, disordered thinking
Apathy, no emotion, flat effect, social withdrawal, Alogia
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EVALUATION
Positive symptoms Can be affected by cultural differences Tend to have greater weight when diagnosing Hard to measure objectively
Negative symptoms Start before positive ones Sometimes start years before diagnosis Less affected by cultural factors More objectively measured
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SUB TYPES
PARANOID Delusions, persecution, hallucinations
CATATONIC Immobile, catatonic stupors Wild, uncontrolled movements
DISORGANISED Giggling, pulling faces, flat effect.
RESIDUAL low level positive symptoms but psychotic symptoms present
UNDIFFERENTIATED Does not fit into any of above
There are more than these but these are
the main ones
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Cut and Stick activity
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EVALUATION OF SUBTYPES
Lacks precision
People don’t fit neatly into one or other subtype
Categorising people gives little or no indication of: Cause How it might develop Effective treatment
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DIAGNOSIS
Requires two or more POSITIVE symptomsFor a period of at least a month
•Can only be done by a psychiatrist •As yet there is no physical way to diagnose•Current research is looking at blood test or eye tracking
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Schizophrenia prevalence
1% lifetime risk in general population
Holds true for most geographical areas although rates do vary
Abnormally high in Southern Ireland, Croatia; significantly lower rates in Italy, Spain (Torrey, 2002)
Risk factors include minority ethnicity, urban residence
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Schizophrenia onset
Source: CIHI (2001)
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PROGNOSIS
‘Rule of the thirds’ (rule of thumb): 1/3 recover more or less completely 1/3 episodic impairment 1/3 chronic decline
With treatment about 60% of patients manage a relatively normal life
Prognosis better in non-industrialised societies