Clinical Nutrition Overview & Body Condition Scoring
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Transcript of Clinical Nutrition Overview & Body Condition Scoring
Clinical Nutrition Overview & Body Condition Scoring
Assessment & Feeding Plan
Animal
Food
FeedingMethod
Food
FeedingMethod
Clinical Nutrition – An Iterative Process
Step 1: Assess the animal History Physical examination
- Body weight - Body condition score
Laboratory data base Risk factors Key nutritional factors
- Nutrients of concern Energy needs
Clinical Nutrition – An Iterative Process
Step 2: Assess the food(s) Dietary history Visual inspection of food Label evaluation Obtain nutrient profile for
overall diet Compare nutrient intake
versus optimal (KNF)
Step 3: Assess the feeding method
Clinical Nutrition – An Iterative Process
Feeding Route Amount fed How food is offered Access to other food Who feeds the animal
Step 4: Select a food(s) Base food selection on
key nutritional factors
Clinical Nutrition – An Iterative Process
Step 5: Determine a feeding method
Monitor patient response and return to Step 1
Body Condition Scoring
3 - Ideal
Ribs – Easily felt with slight fat cover
Tail Base – Smooth contour with slight
fat coverSide View – Abdominal tuckOverhead view – Well-pronounced
waist
Body Condition Scoring
1 – Very Thin
Ribs – Easily felt with no fat cover
Tail Base – Bones are raised, no fat cover
Side View – Severe abdominal tuck
Overhead view – Accentuated hourglass shape
Body Condition Scoring
2 - Underweight
Ribs – Easily felt with little fat cover
Tail Base – Bones are raised with slight fat cover
Side View – Abdominal tuckOverhead view – Marked
hourglass shape
Body Condition Scoring
4 - Overweight
Ribs – Difficult to feel under moderate
fat coverTail Base – Some thickening bones palpable under
moderate fat cover
Side View – No abdominal tuckOverhead view – Back is slightly
broadened at waist
Body Condition Scoring
5 - Obese
Ribs – Difficult to feel under thick
fat coverTail Base – Thickened and
difficult to feel under thick fat cover
Side View – No waist, fat hangs from abdomen
Overhead view – Back is markedly broadened
Estimation of Ideal Body Weight
BCS % Body Fat (DEXA)
% Ideal Wt.
1 < 5 < 85
2 6-14 86-94
3 15-24 95-106
4 25-34 107-122
5 35-45+ 123-146+Hill’s unpublished
1995
Resting energy requirement (RER)– E used by adult at rest
– Thermoneutral
environment
– Does not support activity,
growth, or reproduction
Food Dosage Determination
RER (kcal/day)
70(BWtkg)0.75
(use for all body weights)
30(BWtkg) + 70*(*when BWt is 2 to 45 kg)
Food Dosage Determination
Daily energy requirement (DER) RER plus calories needed for:
– Temperature regulation
– Digestion & elimination of
nutrients
– Activity
– Lifestage
– Neuter status
Food Dosage Determination
Calculation of Energy Requirements
Feline Maintenance: (0.8 -1.4 x RER)
Neutered adult:= 1.2 x RER
Intact adult: = 1.4 x RER
Obese-prone: = 1.0 x RER
Weight loss: = 0.8 x RER
Weight gain: = 1.2-1.4 x RER at ideal weight
Calculation of Energy Requirements
Canine Maintenance: (1.0 to 1.8 x RER)Neutered adult: = 1.6 x RER Intact adult: = 1.8 x RERObese-prone: = 1.4 x RERWeight loss: = 1.0 x RERWeight gain: = 1.2-1.4 x RER at ideal weight
Canine Work:Light work: = 2 x RERModerate work: = 3 x RERHeavy work: = 4-8 x RER
Nutrient Recommendations - Canine
Pro
t Fat Fiber Ca P Na Cl K Mg Kcal/g
AAFCO NUTRIENT PROFILES FOR DOG FOODS
AAFCO Growth/Repro
22 min
8 min
- 1.0-2.5 0.8-1.6
0.3 min
0.45 min
0.6 min
0.04-0.3
3.5-4.0
AAFCO Maintenance
18 min
5 min
- 0.6-2.5 0.5-1.6
0.06 min
0.09 min
0.6 min
0.04-0.3
3.5-4.0
*expressed as % DMB
Food Recommendations
Nutrient Intake
Reducedintake
Highintake
Deficiency Toxicity
Fu
ncti
on
/perf
orm
an
ce
Minimum requirement
Optimalrange
Nutrient Recommendations - Canine
Pro
t FatFibe
r Ca P Na Cl K MgKcal/
g
MMI RECOMMENDATIONS
Adult Maintenance 15-30
10-20 5 max
0.5-1.0
0.4-0.9
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.6
0.4-0.8
0.04-0.15
3.5-4.5
Growth (Adult BW< 25kg)
22-32
10-25 5 max
0.7-1.7
0.6-1.3
0.3-0.6
0.4-0.8
0.6-0.9
0.04-0.20
3.5-4.5
Growth (Adult BW> 25kg)
20-32
8-12 10 max
0.7-1.2
0.6-1.1
0.3-0.6
0.4-0.8
0.6-0.9
0.04-0.20
3.0-4.0
Older 15-23
7-15 10 max
0.5-1.0
0.25-0.75
0.15-0.35
0.3-0.5
0.4-0.8
0.04-0.15
3.0-4.0
Obese-Prone Adult 15-30
7-12 5-16 0.5-1.0
0.4-0.9
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.6
0.4-0.8
0.04-0.15
3.0-3.5
High Energy 22-34
15 min
5 max
0.6-1.0
0.4-0.9
0.2-0.5
0.3-0.6
0.45-0.9
0.05-0.20
> 4.5
Gestation/Lactation 22-35
10-25 5 max
0.75-1.7
0.6-1.3
0.35-0.6
0.5-0.9
0.6-0.9
0.04-0.20
3.5-5.0
*expressed as % DMB
Nutrient Recommendations - Canine
Pro
t Fat Fiber Ca P Na Cl K Mg Kcal/g
COMMON COMMERCIAL DOG FOODS
Average Moist Grocery (30)
41 27 1.8 1.7 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.11 4.5
Average Dry Grocery (32)
25 12 3.1 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.14 3.9
Average Dry Specialty (93)
28 16 3.3 1.3 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.12 4.2
Average Moist Specialty (39)
32 22 2.1 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.1 4.4
*expressed as % DMB
Nutrient Recommendations - Feline
Prot Fat Fiber Ca P Na Cl K Mg Kcal/g
AAFCO NUTRIENT PROFILES FOR CAT FOODS
AAFCO Growth/Repro 30 min
9 min
- 1.0 min
0.8 min
0.2 min
0.3 min
0.6 min
0.08 min
4.0-4.5
AAFCO Maint 26 min
9 min
- 0.6 min
0.5 min
0.2 min
0.3 min
0.6 min
0.04 min
4.0-4.5
*expressed as % DMB
Nutrient Recommendations - Feline
Pro
tFat
Fiber
Ca P Na Cl K Mg
Kcal/g
MMI RECOMMENDATIONS
Adult Maintenance30-45
10-30 5 max
0.5-
1.00.5-0.8
0.2-0.6
0.3 min
0.6-1.0
0.04-0.1 4.0-5.0
Growth35-50
18-35 5 max
0.8-
1.60.6-1.4
0.3-0.6
0.45 min
0.6-1.2
0.08-0.15 4.0-5.0
Obese-Prone Adult30-45
8-17 5-15
0.5-
1.00.5-0.9
0.2-0.6
0.3 min
0.6-1.0
0.04-0.1 3.3-3.8
Older30-45
10-25
10 max
0.6-
1.00.5-0.7
0.2-0.5
0.3 min
0.6-1.0
0.05-0.1 3.5-4.5
Gestation/Lactation35-50
18-35 5 max
0.5-
1.00.5-0.9
0.2-0.6
0.45 min
0.6-1.2
0.08-0.15 4.0-5.0
*expressed as % DMB
Nutrient Recommendations - Feline
Prot Fat Fiber Ca P Na Cl K Mg Kcal/g
COMMON COMMERCIAL CAT FOODS
Average Moist Grocery (34)
51 27 1.5 1.8 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.09 4.3
Average Dry Grocery (26)
35 12 2.2 1.3 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.12 3.8
Average Dry Specialty (42)
35 18.5 2.4 1.1 0.95 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.09 4.3
Average Moist Specialty (35)
46 28 1.9 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.1 4.7
*expressed as % DMB
Criteria for normal animals– Complete and balanced for intended
species– Specific-purpose food– Meets optimal nutrient profile range– Nutrients are digestible and
bioavailable– Passed a feeding trial for
appropriate life stage– Marketed by research-oriented,
value-added company– Personal experience with diet
Food Recommendations