Clinical features of gingiva
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Clinical features of Gingiva
submitted to :- submitted by :-
Nadia dhiman
Bds 3rd prof
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INTRODUCTION • Gingiva is part of oral mucosa that
covers the alveolar processes of jaws and surrounds the neck of the tissue .
• Composed of thin outer epithelium and underlying connective tissue .
• Consist of four anatomical portions – Gingival sulcus , Free gingiva,
Interdental gingiva and attached gingiva .
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• Texture of Gingiva – healthy gums have stippled ,translucent appearance.
- orange peel appearance .
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• Colour of Gingiva-coral pink -depends on the thickness and degree of
keratinization of epithelium, blood flow to gingiva ,disease and medication ,natural pigmentation.
• Contour of Gingiva-scalloped and knife edge margin .
• Size of Gingiva-correspong with sum total of the bulk of cellular and intercellular elements and their vascular supply.
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ANATOMIC LANDMARKS OF THE GINGIVA
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GINGIVAL SULCUS
• Its a V shaped notch .
• Bounded by surface of tooth on one side and epithelium lining the free margin of gingiva on the other side.
• Clinical evaluation used to determine the depth of gingival sulcus is throw
metallic instrument called peridontal probe
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• Probing or clinical probing depth is depth of penetration of probe and it is 2-3mm in normal
gingival sulcus in humans .
• In histological section depth is 1.8mm with variation from 0-6mm.
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MARGINAL GINGIVA
• Also called as free or unattached gingiva .• Surrounds the tooth in collarlike/cufflike
manner.• Characteristic – fits closely around but not
directly attached to the tooth-also form soft tissue wall
of the gingival sulcus.• It is 1mm wide .
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• Free Gingiva is demarcated from adjacent attached gingiva by shallow linear depression that follows the Contour of the tooth called ‘ marginal groove ’.
•it can be separated from tooth surface by peridontal probe .
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ATTACHED GINGIVA • Part of gingiva tightly connected to periosteum
of alveolar bone .• Lies between the two movable tissue .• Colour- pale -pigmented in dark skinned individuals.
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• Width- widest in incisor and molar region and narrowest in premolar region .
• Premolar= maxilla-1.9mm mandible-1.8mm.
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INTERDENTAL GINGIVA
• It occupies the gingival embrasure .• Gingival embrasure is the interproximal
space beneath the area of tooth contact .
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•It is of two shape pyramidal and ‘’col’’ shape .•‘’col’’ is a valley like depression that connects a facial and lingual papilla .
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• ‘’col’’ in various types of contacts .
• The shape of interdental gingiva depends on the contact point between the two adjoining teeth and presence or absence of some degree of recession .
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Interdental col in normal gingiva –mandibular anterior segment,facial and buccolingual views.
Interdental col after gingival recession.
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• In diastema,the gingiva is firmly bound over the interdental bone and the interdental papilla will be absent.
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TH
THANK YOU