International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development

Kathmandu, Nepal

Climate Smart Technologies

at ICIMOD

Muhammad Mudassar MaqsoodAssociate Coordinator- Indus Basin Initiative

mudassar.maqsood@icimod.org

Climate Resilient Mountain

Villages

• Simple,

• Replicable,

• Affordable,

• Government-

ownership

• In line with

SDGs

(Vision 2030)

Energy Smart: Black Gold

Bio-briquette: A block developed by compacting the ash produced by burning of biomass material in a special mould.

Origion: Britain (1870s), Thailand, Japan in 1978 and Nepal (1980s).

Ingredients: Sawdust, wood-chips, peat, paper or charcoal, some water and clay

Benefits: Environment friendly, reduced vulnerability to respiratory diseases, cheaper source of energy, a livelihood source for women, reduced pressure on forest and rangeland

Why Bio-Briquettes

• 3.8 million premature deaths annually

from non-communicable diseases are

caused by indoor air pollution

• The fuelwood consumption of country

more than 31.523 Mm³ causing

second highest deforestation globally.

At this rate, forests may disappear

within the next 10–15 years

• Potential use of bio-degradable waste

forest weeds & leaf-litters

• More fuelwood consumption, more

black carbon released to atmosphere

Piloting of Bio-Briquettes in

Pakistan by ICIMOD

(BISP) Haripur, KPK (CAD) Booni, Chitral (KADO, Forest Dept) Soost, Hunza

Moulds prepared in Chitral by CAD (KADO, Forest Dept) Haider Abad and Karim abad , Hunza

Scope in Pakistan

Challenges:

• Availability and cost of moulds

• Value chain development

Issues Opportunities by piloting bio-briquettes

61% mountainous area with severe and

prolonged winters

Cheaper and environment friendly energy

source

Higher male outmigration in mountains Pro-women livelihood opportunity

Severe respiratory diseases among

women and children in mountains

Less vulnerable women and children

Highest per capita fuelwood consumption

in GBC: 63 kg per year

Reducing the deforestation and

strengthening the watershed management

69 M tons of crop residue, 8.9 M tons

biodegradable solid waste, and alien

plantations (15% of Margalla Hills National

Park)

Waste being converted into black gold, no

need of charcoal kiln saving 8% of

fuelwood consumption (2.8 M tons)

Successful Upscaling of Black

Gold in Nepal

Climate Smart Farming

Systems

Jholmal: A natural fertilizer and pesticide made using

Animal urine, a mixture of beneficial microbes

(Jeevatu), farmyard manure and plant material at

house-level

Benefits:

1. Improved yield

2. Reduced expenses for agricultural inputs (Zero

demand for chemical inputs)

3. Farmer, consumer and soil health

4. Livelihood Source

How to make Jholmal?

1. Mix urine, water, Jeevatu and possibly solid

elements

2. Wait a few weeks until the odour changes and a

green colour appears

3. Filter if needed

Production Technology

Jholmal–1 Jholmal–2 Jholmal–3

Recipe

1- 17 kg well-decomposed

farm yard manure

2- 16 litres of cow/buffalo

urine

3- 16 litres of water

4- 1 litre Jeevatu

1- No solid component

2- 24.5 litres of cow/buffalo

urine

3- 24.5 litres of water

4- 1 litre Jeevatu

1- Chop the leaves and

stems of locally

available plants with bitter,

sour, or

pungent taste, and fill in the

drum

2- Equal amounts and of

cow/buffalo urine and water

3- 1 litre of Jeevatu

Wait 15 days 15 days 21-30 days

Symptoms No compost smell, green

colour at top of liquid &

slurry texture

No urine smell, green

colour at top of liquid &

liquid solution texture

Strong odour

of rotten leaves and liquid

solution texture

Filtering No filtration required No filtration required Filtration required

Uses Biofertilizer and

biopesticide for soil

borne insect pests

Biopesticide for pest and

disease control for cereal

and vegetables

Insecticide and insect

repellent.

Scope in Pakistan

Issue Opportunities by piloting Jholmal

Almost 61% farmers possess < 5 acres

agriculture land and cant afford costly

agricultural inputs (fertilizers, pesticides,

etc.)

Less agricultural inputs, reduced diseases,

more yield, more net income

Intensive use of chemical and pesticide for

growing vegetable, making it toxic to

human health

Reduced health hazards, safe farm

produce

Unemployed youth (both boys and girls) Livelihood source for unemployed youth

Challenges:

Religious and cultural aspects

Successful Piloting of Jholmal

in Nepal

Thank you