Climate-Smart Ag Webinar: Soil Management
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Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
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Transcript of Climate-Smart Ag Webinar: Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
WELCOMING & OPENING REMARKS
Dr. Josette LewisWorld Food Center – UC Davis
Dr. Neli ProtaWageningen University and Research
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
ORGANIZERS
Josette LewisWorld Food Center
UC DavisMODERATOR
Neli ProtaCSA Booster
Wageningen URMODERATOR
Madeleine van Mansfeld
Wageningen UR
Amrith Gunasekara
CDFA
Gertjan FonkDutch Ministry of Economic Affairs
Josh EddyCDFA
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR HEALTHY SOILS
Dr. William HorwathUC Davis
Dr. Titia MulderWageningen University and Research
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO ADDRESS GHG MITIGATION AND CARBON
SEQUESTRATION
William R. HorwathDepartment of Land Air and Water Resources
University of California, Davis
CALIFORNIA-NETHERLANDS WEBINAR
CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE: SOIL MANAGEMENT
FEBRUARY 14, 2017
Objectives• Mitigating N2O emissions in agriculture thru micro irrigation
practices
• Subsurface drip reduces N2O emissions
• Tomatoes• Dairy
• Assessment and potential for soil carbon sequestration opportunities• Sequestration rates optimistic• Where would the nitrogen come from to sequester soil
carbon?
Processing Tomatoes: Annual N2O EmissionsFertilizer Rate & Irrigation Effects
kg N
2O-N
ha-1
0
2
4
6
8Tomato (Furrow-irrigated)Oct 2009 - Sept 2010
0 75 162 225 300kg N ha-1 applied
180
SDI
kg N
2O-N
ha-1
0
2
4
6
8Tomato (Furrow-irrigated)Oct 2010 - Aug 2011
0 75 162 225 300kg N ha-1 applied
180
SDI
Crop N off-take: 150 to 230 kg N ha-1
Statistical significance
GWP in tomatoes as a function of cover crops and irrigation practice
FI= Furrow IrrigationSDI=Subsurface drip irrigationFallow= No cover cropTrit=TriticaleMixed=Legume/grass
• N2O emission < 1/3 total
Unpublished data; do not cite
0
Applying Dairy Manure Through Subsurface Drip versus Flood Irrigation Reduces N2O Emissions in Forage Production Systems
Unpublished data; do not cite
2015 2016
System Soil Irrigation Total
N20 Electricity Dieselkg CO2 eq. ha-1
SDI wheat 847 95 190 1130 (±260)SDI corn 180 575 190 942 (±50)Flood wheat 3530 99 190 3810 (±1520)Flood corn 1700 75 190 1960 (±280)
POTENTIAL OF US SOILS TO SEQUESTER C AND MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE
Ecosystem Land area* (Mha)
Rate (Mg C ha-1 y-1)
Total Potential (Tg C y-1)
Reference
Cropland 156.9 0.3-0.5 45-98 Lal et al. (1998)Grazing land 336.0 0.04-0.21 13-70 Follett et al. (2001)Forest land 236.1 0.11-0.43 25-102 Kimble et al. (2002)
Land conversion
16.8 0.125-0.46 21-77 Lal et al. (2003)
Soil restoration 498.4 0.05-0.12 25-60 Lal et al. (2003)
Other land use 166.0 0.09-0.15 12-25 Lal et al. (2003)
Total 144-432 (288) Lal et al. (2003)
4 PER THOUSAND INITIATIVE COP21
Total Pool = 825 Gt .... Batjes (1996)
= 850×0.4%= 3.6 Gt C/yr
Global Soil Organic Carbon Pool 0-40cm Depth
• 2,682 million hectares agricultural land globally in 2030 (FAO)• assume consistent indefinite management to sequester soil C• Including rangeland/pastures (5x ag area and plantation
forests 20% of ag area) would help in achieving goal
Assume:
What is possible on agricultural land:
4 per thousand
in 10 years
is 36 Gt C/ 10 yrLikely outcome
• Irrigation technologies: sub-surface drip irrigation improves yield, reduces N2O emissions and reduces GWP.
• Soil carbon sequestration to meet 4 per mille goal is optimistic
• Requires additional nitrogen input
• Climate warming could increase soil carbon priming and GHG
• Regardless of goal, any increase in soil carbon would be beneficial
SUMMARY
Thank you!
Soil carbon sequestration as a strategy for climate change mitigation4 per mille Initiative - Soils for Food Security and Climate
Dr. Ir. V.L. Mulder, Prof. B. Minasny, Dr. Ir. D. Arrouays
Climate-Smart Agriculture Webinar, 14 February 2017
Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University
4 per mille Initiative for Food Security and climate
15Minasny et al., 2017. Soil carbon 4 per mille. Geoderma, 292, pp. 59-86
Wageningen UR & 4 per mille Climate Smart Agriculture, Sustainable Development Goals Wageningen UR has the scientific expertise and knowledge at
the process level on the behaviour of carbon and organic matter in soils
National and EU FP7 and H2020 research projects ● Soil carbon sequestration ● Soil degradation ● e.g. AnimalChange, SmartSoil, Catch-C and RECARE and iSQAPER.
Convey relevant messages and provide quantitative evidence Today: Identify where to conserve soil carbon stocks and
where soil carbon sequestration is most feasible and how easy a 40/00 can be achieved
16
Soil carbon 4 per mille (Minasny et al.,2017) Review assessment
● 20 regions of the world● Current SOC stock● Potentials and challenges for SOC sequestration
17Minasny et al., 2017. Soil carbon 4 per mille. Geoderma, 292, pp. 59-86
Potentials and challenges in implementing the 4 per mille Initiative
18
Country/region Potentials Challenges
Chile Afforesting degraded areas Conserving native forest and peatlands
Peatland conversionLimited cropping areas
Australia Large agricultural area Best management practices
Lack of waterZero or minimum tillage has been implemented almost 80%
Kenya Best management practicesLand restoration
ErosionRapid expansion of agricultural landsConverting marginal lands into agricultural landsLack of data
China Mainland Conservation tillage and straw returnBalanced fertilization
Lack of C sequestration data on subsoilNot all cropping areas are under best management practices
France SOC monitoringLand use changesBest management practices
High soil sealing rate due to urbanisation and infrastructures
Canada Best management practices Improving degraded land
Development and implementation of innovative practices
Russia Best management practices on croplandsConversion cropland to grasslands and forest
C loss through cultivation
ScotlandReducing peatland degradationForest and agricultural expansion
Large area of peatlandsExpansion of intensive agriculture
Minasny et al., 2017. Soil carbon 4 per mille. Geoderma, 292, pp. 59-86
Regeneration of our agricultural lands
TEDx Talks Grand Forks: Regeneration of Our Lands: A producer’s Perspective, by Gabe Brown https://youtu.be/QfTZ0rnowcc
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Minasny et al., 2017. Soil carbon 4 per mille. Geoderma, 292, pp. 59-86
If we consider 4 per mille in the top 1m of global agricultural soils, SOC sequestration is between 2-3 Gt C year− 1, which effectively offset 20–35% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
OutlookSoil carbon
sequestration can be the solution for mitigating
climate change
over the next ten to twenty years
20Potential interactions between scientists, farmers, policy makers, and marketeers engaged in implementation of soil C 4 per mille initiative (Minasny et al., 2017)
References
Minasny, B., McBratney, A.B., Angers, D.A., Arrouays, D., Chambers, A., Chen, Z.S., Cheng, K., Das, B., Gimona, A., Hedley, C., Hong, S.Y., Malone, B., Mandal., B., Marchant, B.P., Martin, M., McConkey, B.G., Mulder, V.L., Paustian, K., O’Rourke, S., Odeah, I., Padarian, I., Pan, G., Poggio, L., Savin, I., Stolbovoy, V., Stockmann, U., Sulaeman, Y., Tsui, C., Vagan, T, van Wesemael, B., Winowiecki, L. (2017). Soil Carbon, 4 per mille. Geoderma, (292), 59-86.
Mulder, V.L., Lacoste, M., Martin, M., Richer de Forges, A., Arrouays, D. (2016). National versus global modelling the 3D distribution of soil organic carbon in mainland France. Geoderma, (263), 16-34.
Mulder, V.L., Lacoste, M., Martin, M., Richer de Forges, A., Arrouays, D., (2015). Understanding large-extent controls of soil organic carbon storage in relation to soil depth and soil- landscape systems. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 29.
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POLICY INITIATIVES AROUND HEALTHY SOILS
Dr. Geetika JoshiCDFA
Annet ZweepDutch Min of Economic Affairs and Min of Infrastructure and Environment
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
14 february 2017
Soil management in climate change
Annet ZweepDepartment of Agro and
Nature KnowledgeThe Netherlands
Need for sustainability: soil is the basis• Sustainable economy •Healthy food •Beautiful, vital landscape (biodiversity) •Climate adaptation and mitigation
03-05-2023
Agricultural soils• Soils and climate: biomasse production; carbon buffer; greenhouse gases• In NL major part is permanent grassland; arable land with high production: sandy soils to heavy clay; drained peatlands with special care
Farmer is the maintainer of his land: responsibility
Knowledge important tool for good soil management: information and tools for farmers
03-05-2023
Research a method to assess and realise policy• Several Public-private research programmes: from fundamental to get the results into practice • Soil is complex: more practical knowledge on organic matter, soil management and effect on greenhouse gasses• Organic matter plays central role for sustainable soils and climate change
03-05-2023
Important programme is PPS Better Soil management • Wijnand Sukkel (panellist webinar) and
Joeke Postma are coordinating.• Individual and integrated approach of soil
chemistry, physics and biology aspects • Measuring: important to measure and link
soil management to soil information.• Organic matter, carbon cycle: central role • Soil management and effect on
greenhouse gases is part of research
Webiste: www.beterbodembeheer.nl
03-05-2023
THE HEALTHY SOILS INITIATIVE AND PROGRAM
CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE – HEALTHY SOILS WEBINARFEBRUARY 14, 2017
Contacts: Geetika Joshi*, Ph.D. (Senior Environmental Scientist Supervisor) [email protected] Amrith Gunasekara. Ph.D. (Science Advisor to CDFA Secretary and Manager, Office of Environmental Farming and Innovation) [email protected]
More than 400 agricultural commodities in California, including unique specialty crops.
California remained the No. 1 state in cash farm receipts in 2015, with $47 billion in revenue from 76,400 farms and ranchers (#1 for more than 50 years).
Some of the most fertile and diverse agricultural soils: soils are fundamental plant growing medium.
2015: United Nations declared International Year of Soils.
Meeting with Governor’s Office and administration on initiative; interagency meetings with several agencies and departments.
HEALTHY SOILS INITIATIVE
Image Source: USDA Cropscape - Cropland Data Layer
https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/oefi/healthysoils/HSInitiative.html
ACTIONS FOR THE HEALTHY SOILS INITIATIVE: INTERAGENCY AND STATE-FEDERAL PARTNERSHIPSActions:
Protect and restore soil organic matter in California’s soils. Identify sustainable and integrated financing opportunities to facilitate
healthy soils. Provide for research, education and technical support to facilitate healthy
soils. Increase governmental efficiencies to enhance soil health on public and
private lands. Promote interagency coordination and collaboration to support soils and
related state goals.Working with USDA-NRCS: USDA-NRCS provides funding through the
Environmental Quality Incentives Program to support conservation practices including soil health. Comet-Planner Tool: http://www.comet-planner.com/
Joint USDA-NRCS and CDFA Summit: Building Partnerships on Healthy Soil in Sacramento, CA on January 11, 2017.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPy5C5J1qjg&feature=youtu.be&rel=0
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HEALTHY SOILS PROGRAM: OBJECTIVE AND FUNDING Objective: To build soil carbon and reduce agricultural GHG emissions through incentives.
$7.5 million to develop a new incentive and demonstration program on the CA Healthy Soils Initiative from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund.
Farmers and ranchers incentivized to implement practices such as compost application, no-till, cover-crops, etc., with quantification of greenhouse gas reductions (GHG) achieved by projects.
Demonstration projects for on-field GHG reductions through partnerships between ag operations/industry groups, academia and/or non-profit organizations, resource conservation districts.
Request for grant applications by May, awards by September 2017.
https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/oefi/healthysoils/
PARTNERSHIPS FOR SOIL HEALTH THROUGH PROPOSED INCENTIVES PROGRAM
Environmental Farming Act – Science Advisory Panel
Next Meeting: March 16, 2017
Sacramentohttps://www.cdfa.ca.gov/oefi/efasap/
TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Winfried RaijmakersYara Benelux – N-Sensor®
Prof. Keith PaustianColorado State University – COMET-Farm tool
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
Carbon and greenhouse gas evaluation of conservation practicesCOMET-FarmTM and COMET-PlannerTM
www.comet-farm.com www.comet-planner.com
CA-Dutch Climate Smart Agriculture WebinarFebruary 14, 2017
Mark Easter, Amy Swan, Kevin Brown and Keith PaustianNatural Resource Ecology Laboratory & Dept. Soil and Crop SciencesColorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO
Adam ChambersNatural Resources Conservation ServiceEnvironmental Markets LeaderFort Collins, CO
COMET-Farm™ & COMET-Planner™Greenhouse Gases in Agriculture
The COMET Tools
Provide a Systems Approach
to full GHG Inventories and
Conservation
Scenario Analyses
Image courtesy of Amy Swan of the NREL at Colorado State University
COMET-Farm™ & COMET-Planner™ Calculation Methods
• Implements the peer-reviewed, USDA-sanctioned entity-level inventory methods. • Soil-related GHG emissions:
DayCent dynamic model, also used in the U.S. National Greenhouse Gas Inventory + additional empirical models.
• Livestock-related GHG emissions: statistical models based on USDA and university research, largely consistent with models used in the U.S. National Inventory.
• Energy-related GHG emissions: based on the models used in the USDA/NRCS Energy Tool along with supplemental peer-reviewed research results.
COMET-Farm™ How it works
EquationFactors,
USDA Methods,
IPCC
Historic Rotations
NRI, Cropping Practices Survey,CSRA
Climate & Soil
PRISM&
SSURGO
Web Interface
CSU Server
Empirical
Models
Outputs
Results
SpecificLocation
SpecificActivities
User inputs their unique Farm or Ranch management.
COMET-Farm Work Flow
COMET-Planner 2.0
1) Aligns GHG reduction estimates with COMET-Farm and the USDA entity-scale GHG inventory methods.
2) Improving the spatial resolution of estimates from the sub-national scale to multi-county regions.
3) Adding options for implementing various interpretations of Conservation Practice Standards.
COMET-Planner 2.0
Estimates resolved at the MRLA-scale
Webinar Climate Smart AgricultureN-Sensor in Netherlands
Winfried RaijmakersFeb. 14, 2017
Smart intensification
Webinar Challenges and Opportunities for Soil Management - 2017-02-14 42
Destroy more nature, or increase productivity ?http://yara.com/doc/221347_Yara_Climate-smart-agriculture_2015.pdf
Reducing Carbon Footprint
43
3.5 0.1 5.1
Precision farming is part of the solution !http://yara.com/doc/199057_ya_ed_bro_ANvsUREA_9-0-BD.pdfhttp://yara.com/products_services/fertilizers/pure_nutrient/the_carbon_footprint_of_fertilizers.aspx
Webinar Challenges and Opportunities for Soil Management - 2017-02-14
PRODUCTION TRANSPORT FARMING HARVEST CONSUMPTION CAPTURE
http://yara.com/products_services/fertilizers/pure_nutrient/the_carbon_footprint_of_fertilizers.aspx
• Right Rate• Right Place• Right Time• Right Fertilizer
Yara Tools:• ImageIT® app• N-Tester• N-Sensor®
Smart Fertilization
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Continuous crop monitoring for best N-efficiencyWebinar Challenges and Opportunities for Soil Management - 2017-02-14
Variable nitrogen application
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N-application
N-strategy depends on crop, growth stage & situation.Farmer can always overrule.
N-uptake (kg N/ha)
N-r
ate
(kg
N/h
a)
Webinar Challenges and Opportunities for Soil Management - 2017-02-14
N-uptake
1. Simplicity: direct application, no clouds, no 3th parties
2. In control: manual overrule always possible
3. Proven technology: >15 yrs agronomic validation
4. Target farm: >150 ha potato & cereals
Why sensors don’t fly in Netherlands:5. ”Too expensive”: 20-35 k€ investment (= 15-30 €/ha)
6. ”Not ready”: research overkill: farmers can’t filter
7. ”Will get better”: don’t realize direct gain & updates
N-Sensor in practice
46Webinar Challenges and Opportunities for Soil Management - 2017-02-14
N-Sensor demo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrixH9tFxoA
Thank you
DISCUSSION PANEL
Wijnand SukkelWageningen UR
Wim de VriesWageningen [email protected]
Cynthia CoryCalifornia Farm Bureau
Gijs KunemanCLM
Judith RedmondFull Belly Farm
Geetika JoshiCDFA
Winfried RaijmakersYara Benelux
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
Annet ZweepMin EZ - Min I&M
Titia MulderWageningen UR
William HorwathUC Davis
Keith PaustianColorado State Uni
CLOSING REMARKS
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
Dr. Josette LewisWorld Food Center – UC Davis
Dr. Neli ProtaWageningen University and Research
