CLIMATE RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE

Presented by:Mithilesh Mandal

114AR0006Sonakshi Bhattacharjee

114AR0024

Guidance:Prof. Binit Kumar

Climate Hot andHumid Hot and dry CompositeLocation 15° N-15° S 15°-30° N & S Near tropic of

Cancer and Capricon

Temperature

Day 27°-32° C 43°-49° C 32°-43° C(dry)27°-32° C(wet)

Night 21°-29° C 10°-18° C(cool season)27°-32° C(dry season)

21°-27° C(dry)24°-27° C(wet)

Humidity 55-100% 10%-55% 20%-55%(dry)55%-90%(wet)

Vapour Pressure 2500-3500 N/m² 750-1500 N/m² 1300-1600 N/m²(dry)2000-2500 N/m²(wet)

Precipitation(annual)

2000-5000 mm 50mm 500-1300 mm

Sky condition 850-7000 cd/m² 1700-2500 cd/m² Varies with seasons

Solar Radiation Partly reflected, partly scattered

Direct and strong Direct and strong during clear period

Wind 30 m/s 6-7 m/s Variable

HOT AND DRYFlat roof - is used because of sandstorms – not obstruct the wind flowPitch roof - should be built as double layersSmall windows - to prevent sand and dust from entering the houseThick wall – the entering of heat into the house during daytime become slower and at night the cold air push the warm air to flow outside and the building is maintained cold (ie: pyramid)Concrete houses are builtColors of the buildings - light / brightMaterials - crack and break up cause by high daytime temperature and rapid cooling at night

HOT AND DRY

HOT AND HUMIDWall - is still warm at night because of the high solar radiation during the dayPitch roof - is used act as a buffer to reduce the entering of heat into the houseGutters are builtPlastered single layer wall – to prevent heat captured in the houseWindow hoods and balcony - to reduce the entering of solar radiation and daylight into the houseMore windows and the opening are wideAprons - to prevent dirt on the wallWide doors – wind shaft is built to enable heated air go outsideCeiling (high ceiling) – to prevent direct heat into the house

HOT AND HUMID

COMPOSITECourtyard type buildings are very suitableA moderate dense, low rise developmentLarge projecting eaves and wide verandahs are needed in the warm-humid season as out door living areas - to reduce sky glare, keep out the rain and provide shadeShading devices should preferably be of low thermal capacityRoof and external walls - constructed of solid masonry and concrete.Resistance insulation - placed at the outside surfaces of external walls or roofs.Large openings in opposite walls - preferably with solid shutters.

COMPOSITE

SHELTER DESIGNING Case Study - I Case Study – II Case Study – III Case Study -IV

CASE STUDY - IHot and dry climate

OVERVIEW OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES.• Courtyard or patio • White colored walls (“cool” colours reduce heat reflection ).• Arrangement of the houses in is very closely packed to each other. • Vegetation (reduces the temperature, filter’s the dust in and around the house,

elevates the humidity level may reduce as well as increase the wind speed) .• Small openings• Double roof or white single roof• Thick walls • Big basin to collect rainwater• Louvered windows pergolas a water body

CASE STUDY - I

CASE STUDY - I

CASE STUDY - I

CASE STUDY - I

CASE STUDY - I

CASE STUDY - IIHOT AND HUMID CLIMATE

OVERVIEW OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES-• Resisting heat gain • Promoting heat loss • Landform and Waterbodies• Open spaces and built form • Orientation and Planform • cross-ventilation.• Semiopen spaces• Building Envelope • Fenestration

CASE STUDY - IIProject detailsDesigners: Andrew Spiers (homeowner) and David Bridgman, MODE DESIGNBuilder: Garrett HomesEngineer: Elisha Harris, Qantec-McWilliamSize: Approx. 177m2; 2 bedroomSize of land: 80 hectares

CASE STUDY - II Site, location and climate Darwin River is a largely wooded rural suburb some

65km south-east of Darwin. The house is sited in the western half of the block,

away from the river, on the highest point to make the most of seasonal winds: south-easterlies in the dry and north-westerlies in the wet.

The Top End’s tropical climate has high humid summers and warm winters, with mean maximum temperatures of 32°C and a mean minimum of 23.2°C. In the wet season, from November to April, mean January rainfall is 423.8mm; in the dry season, from May to October, rainfall drops to 1.2mm in July.

During the wet season the region is prone to cyclone activity, heavy monsoonal downpours and flooding. The fire season occurs during the dry, from late autumn through to late spring.

CASE STUDY - II Design response The home has a high-pitched roof that minimises sun

exposure and creates a cathedral ceiling to maximise air circulation. Vents in the roof ridge and apex exhaust heat. The roof is clad with steel and lined with insulation with an air gap to act as an additional insulative barrier to heat exchange.

This home is built entirely with steel which has a low thermal mass. The home and outdoor living area are shaded year-round by the roof and eaves 

The home has been orientated west-south-west/east-north-east to capture breezes common to this site The design makes the most of passive cooling principles. The cross-shaped plan ensures the home is only one room wide throughout to encourage cross ventilation. Solid internal walls have been placed on a north-west/south-east axis so they increase natural ventilation by not obstructing air paths 

Windows are fitted with roller shutters to protect the house from fire or storm damage.

CASE STUDY - II

CASE STUDY - IIICOMPOSITE CLIMATE – COLD AND DRYOVERVIEW OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES-

• Resisting heat gain• Decrease exposed surface area by orientation and shape of the building.• Providing roof insulation and east and west wall insulation.• Increase shading on east and west walls by overhangs, fins and trees.• Increase surface reflectivity by using light-coloured textures.• Encourage ventilation by locating windows properly. • Increase air exchange rate with the help of courtyardS and Arrangement of

openings.

CASE STUDY - III

Degree college and hill council, Leh, India

• Located in Leh, in upper Himalayas, the degree college and hill council have been built within a cold and dry climate.

• The building required to be heated almost throughout the year. It has long winter from October to April .

CASE STUDY-III

CASE STUDY-III

CASE STUDY-III

CASE STUDY-III

CASE STUDY - IVCOMPOSITE CLIMATE – COLD AND CLOUDYOVERVIEW OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES-• Exposed surface areas are reduced by careful orientation and shape of building.• Wall and roof insulation and double glazing • Thicker walls. • Providing air locks and lobbies darker colours inside as well as outside.• Reduce shading on walls and glazed portions.• Utilise heat from appliances and provide thermal storage mass like trombe wall, mass wall

etc.•  Sunspace and solarium with day-lighting strategies. • Skylights—domed or pyramid shaped—with baffles to control glare are more efficient.• Glazing area should be 3 to 9 per cent of the floor area to provide adequate lighting levels.

CASE STUDY - IVH.P. STATE CO-OPERATIVE BANK BUILDING, SHIMLA  Location : Shimla, Himachal Pradesh Climate : Cold and Cloudy Brief description of building : This building is a

ground and three-storeyed structure with its longer axis facing the east-west direction. The smaller northern wall faces the prevailing winter winds from the north-eastern direction.

CASE STUDY - IV South-facing Trombe wall and

sunspace heats up the interior South-facing solar collectors on

the roof provide warm air, which is circulated by means of ducts

North face is protected by a cavity wall that insulates the building from prevailing winter winds

Western wall is provided with insulation as well as double glazing

CASE STUDY - IV Daylighting is enhanced by

providing light shelves. Skylight on the terrace also

provides daylighting Air lock lobbies are provided to

reduce air exchange 

CASE STUDY-IV

REFERENCES

https://www.google.co.in/ http://www.slideshare.net/ www.teriin.org

THE BEST WAY TO PREDICT THE FUTURE IS TO DESIGN IT .

-BUCKMINISTER FULLERIN

THANK YOU !