Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the...

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Climate Factors

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The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger area means a wider distribution of the limited energy.

Transcript of Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the...

Page 1: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Climate Factors

Page 2: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Latitude

Page 3: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Latitude

• The amount of sunlight never varies.• It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth.• A larger area means a wider distribution of the limited energy.

Page 4: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Ocean Currents

Page 5: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Ocean Currents• Temperature of ocean current affects temperature of air that passes over it.• This air warms or cools the land nearby.

• East Coast of Canada: cold Labrador Current• West Coast of Canada: warm North Pacific Current

For example…

Page 6: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Winds (and Pressure)

Page 7: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Winds (and Pressure)• Air travels from areas of high pressure to low pressure.• This travel is what we call wind.• These differences in pressure are caused by uneven heating of the land.

A conveyor belt of wind

Page 8: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Winds (and Pressure)• Wind named after the direction from which it flows i.e. Westerlies come from the west.• Winds around the Equator are called “trade winds”, and are also named for the direction they come from.

Page 9: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Winds (and Pressure)Some terms…Prevailing Winds – a well-established pattern of winds that blow from west to east (in Canada). These move the air masses that affect our weather.Jet Stream – a current of fast-moving air high in the atmosphere (close to the tropopause, beyond which is little to no weather at all). Moves 300-500 km/h.Coriolis Effect – The deflection of moving objects (wind!) due to the Earth’s rotation. Angles away from the Equator.

Page 10: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Elevation

Page 11: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Elevation

• Temperatures continue to descend about -1 degree Celsius per 100 metres until you reach the tropopause (after that, things get wonky!)• This is called the (Dry) Temperature Lapse Rate.• When evaporation starts to occur, temperatures descend at only -0.6 degrees Celsius per 100 metres.• This is called the (Wet) Temperature Lapse Rate.

Page 12: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Relief

Page 13: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Relief• Refers to differences in elevation on the planet.• Relief acts as a barrier system for the movement of air masses (wind).Being at a high elevation affects climate, but

so does being at a low elevation with high elevations around you!

Page 14: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Relief

Page 15: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Nearness to Water

Page 16: Climate Factors. Latitude The amount of sunlight never varies. It spreads over larger areas near the poles because of the curve of the Earth. A larger.

Nearness to Water

• Transparency (depth)

• Fluidity (movement)

Water is awesome. It has many qualities that affect heat absorption and radiation:

• Evaporation (phase change)

• Higher Heat Capacity


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