Climate Conscious Building Design
Transcript of Climate Conscious Building Design
Climate Conscious Building Design
Donald Davies, P.E., S.E. - PrincipalDonald Davies, P.E., S.E. - Principal
Where the US Building Industry Has Been
MKA Culture - Optimized Structures
Bio-mimicry
Multi-Purpose Solutions
Where the Industry Is Heading
Green Building
Green BuildingClimate Conscious Green Building
n International awarenessn Momentum to lower climate impactsn First we must answer the question,
“Where Are We?”
Source: SB Alliance, 2009
Phase I(Embodied)
Carbon
Phase II(Operating)
Carbon
Phase III(Deconstruction)
Carbon
Life-Cycle Analysis
A Building’s Life-Cycle Carbon
CommonLCCAThreshold
Phase 1- Embodied
Phase 1P – Embodied
Phase 2 - Operations
Phase 3P - Deconstruction
MEAS
URAB
LEPR
EDIC
TION
Phase 2P - Operations
Current Life Cycle Carbon Future Life Cycle Carbon
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Changes with time
Phase2
Phase 3
Phase 1
Phase II – Operating Carbon Modeling
Phase I - Embodied Carbon Modeling
Site Work7%
Structure28%
Envelope20%
Finishes20%
Systems18%
Construction7%
A Different Take on Embodied Carbon
Operating Carbon Over 30 Years
50% Structural reduction = 6 years operating carbon
Embodied Carbon Calculators
Desired Results
Material Components
Economic Input / Output
How to count the Carbon?
Hybrid Model
Hybrid Model Case Study
Hybrid Model Aluminum Windows (50% aluminum, 50% glass)
Drywall (5% paper, 95% gypsum)
Iron And Steel Forgings
Ready Mixed Concrete
Brick And Structural Clay Tile
Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim
Electrical Machinery Equipment And Supplies N E C
Heating Equipment Except Electric And Warm Ai r Furnaces
Elevators And Moving Stairways
Doors, Frames, Hardware (Webcor)
Wood Kitchen Cabinets
Paints And Allied Products
Miscellaneous Plastics Products N E C
50% plastic, 50% steel
Household Appliances N E C
Industrial And Commercial Machinery And Equipment N E C
Glass And Glass Products Except Containers
Everything Else
MKA ‘C’ Tool – Structural Material/Product Modeling
BIM Model – Material Quantities Defined
Material Sourcing
Material Sourcing – Require a Pedigree
n Concrete Supply Chain
n Steel Supply Chain
Ready-mix concrete
Cement
Water
Source: Cemex
Clinker
Aggregates
GravelSand
Limestone
Clay
Iron Ore
GypsumOther cementious
materials, suchas pozzolan, slag,
and fly ash
Tracking the Energy Supply
Energy - #C02/MWh – Select US Regions
395
767 774
10931136
1183
1420
1748
1345
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
CascadiaWA-OR-ID
California New York Illinois Arizona Arkansas Michigan Ohio U.S. average0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
O ther
Renewable
Hydroelectric
Nuclear
Fossil Fuel
Intensity# CO 2/ MWh
Data from CARMA (www.CARMA.org)
Energy - #C02/MWh – Select Int’l Regions
1345
193
317
893
1068
1379
1773
1910
2108
1966
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
U.S. average France South America Europe Russia Malaysia India China Australia Shanghai0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
O ther
Renewable
Hydroelectric
Nuclear
Fossil Fuel
Intensity# CO 2/MWh
Data from CARMA (www.CARMA.org)
Seattle Hotel - Case Study
Concrete Structure – CO2Drywall
“Dropped”Ceiling
INTERIOR WALLEXTERIOR WALL
Rendered ConcreteCeiling
Drywall“Dropped”
Ceiling
ConcreteRebarFormworkCold FormedDrywallPT
Composite Steel Structure – CO2
INTERIOR WALLEXTERIOR WALL
Drywall“Dropped”
Ceiling
Drywall on Z ChannelsAt Metal Deck Ceiling
ConcreteRebarFireproofingCold FormedDrywallHot Rolled DomesticFormworkHot Rolled Foreign
Complementary Cementing Materials (CCM) Cement replacement by 10-100% with coal fly ash,
slag, rice husk ash, or oyster shell powder
Sorting Control of Aggregate Matrix – PBD mixes: Reduce Cement by 20-30% +
iCrete Mix DesignsStandard Mix Design
iCrete Technology
0 .0 0 0
0 .5 0 0
1 .0 0 0
1 .5 0 0
2 .0 0 0
2 .5 0 0
3 .0 0 0
3 .5 0 0
4 .0 0 0
0 .0 0 0 .1 0 0 .2 0 0 .3 0 0 .4 0 0 .5 0 0 .6 0 0 .7 0 0 .8 0 0 .9 0 1 .0 0
Typicalicrete
Design
5%
ƒ′c
2δ
Target = Typical
ƒ′c
iCrete TechnologyDesign Mix
TypicaliCrete
0 .0 0 0
0 .5 0 0
1 .0 0 0
1 .5 0 0
2 .0 0 0
2 .5 0 0
3 .0 0 0
3 .5 0 0
4 .0 0 0
0 .0 0 0 .1 0 0 .2 0 0 .3 0 0 .4 0 0 .5 0 0 .6 0 0 .7 0 0 .8 0 0 .9 0 1 .0 0
Typicalicrete
Design
5%
ƒ′c Target = iCrete
ƒ′c Target = Typical
ƒ′c
2δ
Cement Savings
iCrete TechnologyDesign Mix
TypicaliCrete
5%
“Bubble Deck”
Variable Steel Grade
60 ksi 120 ksi75 ksi 90 ksi
$/toncarbon/ton
Thermal Mass – Myth and Reality
Case Study Possible Savings?
Case Study Possible Savings?
n Baselinen 5000 ton bldg
n 50% Reductionn 2500 tons saved
2500 Tons of Carbon =
n 6 years of operating carbonn Yearly average use of
415 carsn 1666 car trips from Seattle
to New Yorkn 2500 flights from Seattle
to New York