Earth’s energy balance Earth’s climate system Glacial cycles Natural variability Volcanic eruptions.
Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about...
-
Upload
augustus-williams -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
1
Transcript of Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about...
![Page 1: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Climate Change
![Page 2: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The story line
• Earth’s energy budget
• More energy?
• Warming?
• What else?
• What about the future?
• So what?
![Page 3: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The climate system
Involves the exchange of energy and moisture that occur among the:
• Atmosphere• Hydrosphere• Solid Earth• Biosphere• Cryosphere (ice and snow)
![Page 5: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Natural causes for climate change
• Greenhouse gases
• Solar variation– Long term increase– 11-year cycle (0.08%)
• Orbital variations
• Volcanism
• Plate tectonics
![Page 6: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Human causes for climate change
• Long-lived greenhouse gases– CO2, Methane, N2O
• Aerosols
• Land use
• Aviation contrails
![Page 7: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
More Energy?
![Page 8: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Warming yet?
![Page 14: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
What else?
![Page 18: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Larsen B ice shelf broken up
Jan 31, 2002 March 7, 2002
![Page 30: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Contributions to Sea Level RiseContributions to Sea Level Rise
![Page 32: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
What about the future?
![Page 33: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
How good are climate models?
• Simple climate model
• Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs)
• Atmosphere-ocean global circulation models (AOGCMs)
![Page 34: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Temperature increase for different levels of CO2 concentration
![Page 37: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
IPCC SRES Scenarios
• A – Economic growth– A1: more integrated and convergent world
with stabilizing population at 9 billion– A2: more divided and fragmented world with
increasing population
• B – Ecologically friendly– B1: more integrated world with stabilizing
population– B2: more divided and fragmented world with
slower rate of population growth
![Page 39: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Projected global surface warming and sea level rise at 2100
![Page 41: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
So what?
![Page 45: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
A tale of an island
![Page 47: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Risk Zones
0 - 3 ft.
3 - 6 ft.
6 - 9 ft.
above 9 ft.
RoadsLimited Access
Highways
Secondary Roads
Other
Highway Ramp
Cape May County, New Jersey
![Page 48: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Risk Zones
0 ft. and below
0-3 ft.
3-6 ft.
6-9 ft.
above 9 ft.
open water
Roads
Limited Access
Highways
Secondary Roads
Other
Highway Ramp
Atlantic County, New Jersey
![Page 49: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Mid-Atlantic States: MA-VA
• About 1,000 square miles of land area lies below 3 feet
• Within this area, about 70 square miles are developed land
• About 388 thousand people live in this high risk zone.
• Nearly 3,000 miles of roads are exposed to such high risk of inundation.
• Southern states have more area, people and facilities lying in high risk zones because of gentler terrain and more development along the coast
• CARA website
![Page 50: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Do Warmer Seas mean worse Hurricanes?
![Page 51: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Sea surface temperature of the Gulf of Mexico, 8/28/2005
![Page 52: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Total power dissipated by tropical cyclones compared to September North Atlantic sea surface temperature
(Emanuel, 2005)
![Page 53: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Disruption of ocean circulation?
![Page 54: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Shifts in Agriculture
![Page 55: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Extreme Weather Events
![Page 56: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Human Health• More heat-related deaths• Spread of tropical
diseases into temperate areas
• Increase of vector-borne diseases: malaria, west Niles, Lyme disease
• Disruption of water and food supply
![Page 57: Climate Change. The story line Earth’s energy budget More energy? Warming? What else? What about the future? So what?](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649eca5503460f94bd7d25/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Species distribution and diversity