Climate change-induced economic impacts on tourism destinations:

Climate change-induced economic impacts on tourism destinations:the case of Australia

Journal of Sustainable TourismVol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 449–473

Figure 1. Case study destinations within Australian continent.

Source: http://www.australia.com

Tourism in Australia• $68 billion to GDP• 853,000 = 8.3% Total employment [directly & indirectly] • 70% Domestic & 25% International= Regional & Rural • 2.6% Tourists arrivals increase p/a• 6.2% Outbound tourism increase p/a• 74% Domestic tourism• The 200o Sydney Olympics

Journal of Sustainable TourismVol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 451


Climate change + Tourism

• ¾ of its CO2 - tourism transport sector • 4.95% of Global emissions

Climate• Affect the demand of tourism• Determinates the suitability of locations• Directly affects the environmental resources for

tourism



Economic Model DevelopmentThe Garnaut ReviewCGE [Computable General Equilibrium] economicsIO [input – output] = Net effects in the economy

TERM* [The Enormous Regional Model] &The STCRC

[Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Center]

*Includes: industries, household sector, government, investment & overseas export.


Figure 3. Domestic Sourcing


Figure 5. Simulation procedure.


Simulation Results

Percentage change as an annual average growth figure &

Percentage point change deviation from benchmarks


Figure 7. Movements of real average wages (average annual percentage).


Figure 8. Compositional changes of national GDP components (average annual percentage).


Figure 9. GDPandGRP projections of tourism and non-tourism regions 2005–2020 (average p.a.%).


Figure 10. Comparison of climate change impacts and its induced tourism impacts on regions.


Figure 11. Net GRP impact of the induced tourism reduction for 2005–2020 (percentage point deviation).


Consequences

Tourism demand reductionsJob losses Lower wage incomes [or increasing inequality]Further costs on the society


What can help?

Domestic tourismAwareness of the government Policies to facilitate the transitionInvestment in climate change adaptation


Climate change-induced economic impacts on tourism destinations:

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