Climate Change Climate Literacy 101 Session: Mitigation Jennifer Morales August 5 th, 2015.
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Climate Change Climate Literacy 101 Session: Mitigation Jennifer Morales August 5 th , 2015
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Transcript of Climate Change Climate Literacy 101 Session: Mitigation Jennifer Morales August 5 th, 2015.
Climate Change
Climate Literacy 101Session: Mitigation
Jennifer MoralesAugust 5th, 2015
Mit igat ion
Climate Change Mitigation refers to efforts to reduce or prevent emission of greenhouse gases.
Mitigation can mean using new technologies and renewable energies, making older equipment more energy efficient, or changing management practices or consumer behavior.
Climate Change Mitigation – UNEP www.unep.org/climatechange/mitigation
Looking Ahead… •Where are the emissions coming from? •What mitigation actions are being taken? •What’s DWR’s GHG mitigation plan? •The Water-Energy Nexus
{
GL
OB
AL
EM
ISS
ION
S
Top 10 Emitters Globally
*LUCF refers to emissions stemming from land use change and forestry
Global GHG Emissions
1992- United Nations
Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC)
limit global
temperature
increases
cope with its
impacts
1995- countries realized that
emission reductions
provisions in the Convention were
inadequate.
strengthened the global response to
climate change
1997- adopted the
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol
legally binds developed
countries to emission reduction targets
Continued negotiations among the
192 signatories
amended the Protocol to
achieve more ambitious results by
2030.
Global GHG Mitigation
U.S. – China Climate Change
Agreement (2014)
U.S. Pledge to reduce GHG’s
by ~ 27% below 2005
levels by 2025
China reach peak GHG’s in 2030 &
increase non-fossil fuel share of energy to 20%
EU pledged to reduce GHG’s by 40% below 1990 levels by 2030
The Three Most Polluting Nations
Emissions in the United States
Greenhouse gas emissions in United States
Source: US EPA’s Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2013
•National Program for greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and fuel economy standards
•Renewable Fuel Standard Program
Transportation/Mobile Sources
•Carbon Pollution Standards for Power Plants•Final Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule•Timing of Applicability of the PSD Permitting Program to Greenhouse Gases
Stationary Sources
•Greenhouse Gas Reporting ProgramEmissions Reporting
•Landfill Air Pollution Standards•Oil and Natural Gas Air Pollution Standards•Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide
Other Related Actions
•Federal agencies to factor climate resilience into the design of their international development programs and investments.
Obama Climate Action Plan
US – Mitigation Efforts
Obama Climate
Action Plan
Cut carbon pollution in
the U.S.
Prepare the United States for
the Impacts of Climate Change
Lead International Efforts to Combat
Global Climate Change and Prepare
for its Impacts
California’s
Emissions
California’s 2013 GHG EmissionsTransportation=
37%Electricity
Generation= 20%
Industrial = 23% Agriculture = 8%
Total California emissions in 2013 was 459.3 MMTCO₂e
Other = 13%
What is CO₂e?
There are many greenhouse gases of varying potencies; meaning some have more global warming potential than others.
Some example greenhouse gases and their GWP (Global Warming Potential) in CO₂e
CO₂e
stands for Carbon Dioxide
EquivalentGas Global Warming Potential (CO₂e -100 year)
Carbon Dioxide 1
Methane 28
Nitrous Oxide 298
Hydrofluorocarbons 12-14,800
Perfluorocarbons 7390-12,200
Sulfur hexafluoride 22,800
Source: California Air Resources Boardhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/graph.htm
California – GHG Emissions by Economic Sector
2005 EO S-3-
05 Set the first GHG goals for
State Agencies
2006AB 32
Authorized a multi-year program to
achieve long-range GHG reductions
2007 SB 97
Added GHG analysis as a requirement to the CEQA
process
2013 Cap and
Trade Created a
carbon market with
caps and reduction
requirements
2015 EO B-30-
15 State
agency GHG emissions 40% below 1990 levels
by 2030
California Mitigation Legislation
Cap-and-TradeGoal is to reduce GHG by putting a cap on emissions that declines 3% every year. Emitters have to purchase additional emission allowances through an auction. The auction proceeds are used to fund GHG reduction programs.
- Covers 85% of GHG emissions- All allowances for the current year, and some for future years
are being sold- Should provide ~$2.2-2.5 billion
Cap-and-TradeGoal is to reduce GHG by putting a cap on emissions that declines 3% every year. Emitters have to purchase additional emission allowances through an auction. The auction proceeds are used to fund GHG reduction programs.
- Covers 85% of GHG emissions- All allowances for the current year, and some for future years
are being sold- Should provide ~$2.2-2.5 billion
Law mandates that 60% of Cap-and-Trade revenue fund the following programs
- 25% High Speed Rail- 20% Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities (SB
375) - 10% Transit and Intercity Rail- 5% Low Carbon Transit Operations
Emissions and Mitigation
Efforts
Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Plan- Scope
All Operations and Maintenance of the SWP
Operations and Maintenance of State Flood Protection Infrastructure
DWR Construction Activities
Business Activities
Annual Greenhouse Gas EmissionsHow much is a lot?
Average car: 6.5 mt CO2e
Annual Greenhouse Gas EmissionsHow much is a lot?
Average Coal Burning Power Plant :1,200,000 mt CO2e
Average car: 6.5 mt CO2e
Annual Greenhouse Gas EmissionsHow much is a lot?
Average Coal Burning Power Plant :1,200,000 mt CO2e
Average car: 6.5 mt CO2e
DWR Annual Emissions: 2,600,000 mt CO2e
Annual Greenhouse Gas EmissionsHow much is a lot?
US Emissions:1,498,000,000 mt CO2e
Average Coal Burning Power Plant :1,200,000 mt CO2e
Average car: 6.5 mt CO2e
DWR Annual Emissions: 2,600,000 mt CO2e
Annual Greenhouse Gas EmissionsHow much is a lot?
Worldwide Emissions: 9,100,000,000 mt CO2e
US Emissions:1,498,000,000 mt CO2e
Average Coal Burning Power Plant :1,200,000 mt CO2e
Average car: 6.5 mt CO2e
DWR Annual Emissions: 2,600,000 mt CO2e
SWP Operational Emissions
Construction Emissions Maintenance Emissions Business Practices Emissions
-
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
2,692,000
28,200 8,200 17,500
DWR Emissions Summary (1990)(m
tCO
2e)
DWR GHG Reduction Goals
•Reduce GHG emissions by 50% below 1990 levels by 2020•Reduce GHG emissions by 80% below 1990 levels by 2050
DWR GHG Reduction Goals
•Reduce GHG emissions by 50% below 1990 levels by 2020•Reduce GHG emissions by 80% below 1990 levels by 2050
1990 2010 2020 (goal) 2050 (goal) -
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000 DWR Projected Emissions
(mtC
O2e)
50% Reduc-
tionGoal
80% Reduction
Goal
DWR GGERP Measures
State Emission Reduction
Goals
DWR GGERP Measures
Energy Nexus
Water
The
Energy Consuming Segments of California’s
Water-Use CycleSource
Supply & Conveyance
Water Treatment
Water Distribution
Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Collection
Recycled Water
Treatment
Recycled Water
Distribution
End Use: Agriculture,
Residential,
commercial,
industrial
Source
Discharge
CPUC (2010)
Water-Energy Basics
Energy for Water
Water for Energy Production
Water-Energy BasicsCalifornia Energy Use in the Water Sector
Energy IntensitySurface Water Extraction & Conveyance
Please turn to pages 24 and 25 in your copy of California Climate Science and Data, 2015.
State Water Project Pumping
SWP is a large power consumer in California
• 6-9.6 million MWh consumed per year• 40-60% from our own hydropower
SWP Generation
SWP is one of the largest generators of clean hydropower in CA
• 4 -7 million MWh generated annually• Produces about 14% of California’s hydropower
Benefits to the Grid
• SWP’s off-peak pumping means fewer plants are cycling up and down, reducing the stress on the grid
• Limitations: - Delta restrictions- Water deliveries drive power schedules
Take Home Messages
Mitigation- reducing GHG emissions that contribute to climate change
Mitigation planning is occurring at all levels of government, but statewide and global emissions are still rising as a whole.
DWR is currently reducing its emissions and has ambitious plans to continue reducing through the year 2050.
Water and energy are dependent on each other; the use of one requires the use of the other.
