Climate Change Adaptation in Health

8/3/2019 Climate Change Adaptation in Health

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CLIMATE CHANGE

ADAPTATION IN THE

HEALTH SECTOR

Franco G. Teves, Ph.D.

Director of Research, MSU-IIT


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OBJECTIVES

Discuss potential health risks due to

climate change.

Provide an overview of current strategies

in climate change adaptation in the healthsector.

Discuss the status of Philippine climate

change adaptation program in the healthsector


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GENERAL OUTLINE

Introduction

Potential health risks

Strategies in some countries The Philippine situation


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INTRODUCTION

Climate Change Domino Effect:

Physical to Ecological to Human Health& Safety


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CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE

ECOLOGICALECOLOGICAL INSTABILITYINSTABILITY

RELEASERELEASE OF PESTS &OF PESTS &

PATHOGENSPATHOGENS EIDsEIDs

Winter WarmingWinter Warming

Altered Timing of SeasonsAltered Timing of Seasons

Weather Patterns & AnomaliesWeather Patterns & Anomalies

More Winter Precipitation Falling as RainMore Winter Precipitation Falling as Rain

Freeze/Thaw CyclesFreeze/Thaw Cycles

Wide Swings in Weather & SequentialWide Swings in Weather & Sequential ExtremesExtremes

Direct Physical Effects on Human Health & SafetyDirect Physical Effects on Human Health & Safety


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The browning of the earths regions 30 to 50 years from now.


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Melting ice caps will cause rise in sea levels from a modest 1

meter to a high of 12 meters, in 50 years.


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Changes in Philippine Geography

Small islands will disappear, swallowed by

the rising sea, no longer 7,100 islands.

Boundaries of coastal regions moveinland.

More frequent extreme weather events.


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TABLE 1: TOP 20 PROVINCES IN THE PHILIPPINES

WHICH ARE VULNERABLE TO A ONE METER RISE IN SEA LEVEL

RANK - Province - Region - Area vulnerable to a 1 meter sea level rise

(in square meters)

1 Sulu ARMM 79,728,300

2 Palawan Region 4B 64,281,600

3 Zamboanga del Sur Region 9 37,818,900

4 Northern Samar Region 8 33,882,300

5 Zamboang Sibugay Region 9 32,740,200

6 Basilan ARMM 30,294,000

7 Cebu Region 7 27,888,300

8 Davao Region 11 27,005,400

9 Bohol Region 7 23,895,000

10 Camarines Sur Region 5 22,680,000

11 Quezon Region 3 21,124,800

12 Tawi-Tawi ARMM 17,390,720

13 Masbate Region 5 14,256,000

14 Negros Occidental Region 6 13,996,80015 Camarines Norte Region 5 13,591,800

16 Capiz Region 6 10,748,700

17 Catanduanes Region 5 10,643,400

18 Samar Region 8 10,635,300

19 Zamboanga del Norte Region 9 10,570,500

20 Maguindanao ARMM 9,169,200


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Satellite map of Sulu Province


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TABLE 2: REGIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES THAT ARE VULNERABLE TO A ONE-

METER RISE IN SEA LEVEL (Greenpeace)

RANK Region- Number of Municipalities vulnerable to a 1 meter sea level rise

-Land area vulnerable to a 1 meter sea level rise (in square meters)

1 ARMM 39 137,635,200

2 Region 9 40 81,129,600

3 Region 4b 64 75,807,900

4 Region 8 92 75,662,100

5 Region 5 86 74,277,000

6 Region 7 68 52,747,2007 Region 6 68 38,118,600

8 Region 11 20 30,107,700

9 Region 4a 46 23,805,900

10 Region 1 48 20,322,900

11 Region 12 19 16,232,400

12 CARAGA 40 12,611,70013 Region 10 31 12,109,500

14 Region 2 18 6,439,500

15 Region 3 23 4,252,500

16 NCR 1 380,700

PHILIPPINES 703 661,640,400


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What is adaptation?

Adjustment in natural or human systems in

response to actual or expected climatic

stimuli or their effects, which moderates

harm or exploits beneficial opportunities

(IPCC, 2007)


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Potential Health Effects of Global

Climate Change (US EPA)

Direct Temperature Effects

ExtremeWeather Events (EWE)

Climate-Sensitive Diseases Air Quality

Other Health Linkages


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Direct Temperature Effects

Increase in average temperature leads to

increased incidence of heat waves and hot

extremes

Vulnerable segment of the population are

mainly those with heart problems, asthma,

the elderly, the very young, and the

homeless


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ExtremeWeather Events

Climate change affects the severity andfrequency of extreme weather events such

as typhoons, extreme heat, extreme cold,

floods

Increase in frequency of EWE may result

in more EWE-related deaths, injuries,

infectious diseases, and stress-related

disorders


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Climate-Sensitive Diseases

Increase in the risk of some infectious

diseases, particularly those that appear in

warm areas and are insect-borne:

Malaria Dengue fever

Yellow fever

Encephalitis


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WHO Report on Climate and

Infectious Diseases Since 1976:

More than 30 diseases have appeared

that are new to medicine (emerginginfectious diseases) including HIV/AIDS,

Ebola, Lyme disease, Legionnaires

disease, toxic E. coli, new hantavirus, new

antibiotic-resistant strains ofmicroorganisms (MDR strains)


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Resurgence of old diseases (Re-emerging

infectious diseases):Malaria

Cholera

Resurgence and redistribution of infectionsinvolving two or more species-mosquitos,

ticks, deer, birds, rodents and humans,

reflect changing ecological and climatic

conditions, as well as social changes.


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Higher temperatures can lead to more

frequent algal blooms accompanied bymore frequent incidence of cholera

Prolonged disease transmission seasons

IPCC noted global population at risk from

vector-borne malaria will increase by

between 220 million to 400 million in the

next century mostly in Africa but with

Britain, Australia, India and Portugal atincreased risk


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CHANGESCHANGES

ININ

MONTANEMONTANE

REGIONSREGIONS


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Socioeconomic factors such as public

health measures will play a major role in

determining the existence or extent of

infections


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Air Quality

Warming induces increase in frequency of

smog (ground-level ozone) events and

particulate air pollution

This leads to exacerbation of respiratory

disorders


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Effects of Ground-level Ozone and

Particulate Matter

Damage to lung tissue, especially harmful

to those with asthma and other chronic

lung diseases

Extremely small particle and water

droplets reach deep into the lungs causing

a variety of significant health problems


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Other Health Linkages

Increasing regional change impacts on

agricultural yields and production with third

world countries as worst hit

This increases the number of

undernourished people leading to

complications in child development


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Climate change may also contribute to

social disruption, economic decline,displacement of populations in certain

regions

These are expected to be more severe indeveloping countries, and may worsen

human health problems and well being in

affected regions


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TheWHO-UNDP Project on Climate

Change Adaptation to Protect Human Health

Aims to increase the adaptive capacity of

national health system institutions,

including field practitioners, to respond to

climate-sensitive health risks

Partner Ministries of Health/other relevant

national partners in Barbados, Bhutan,

China, Fiji, Kenya, Jordan, and Uzbekistan


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Four Goals

Enhance systems of early warning andearly action

Build capacity of national actors

Pilot specific health risk reductioninterventions

Document and share lessons learned in

addressing the health risks associatedwith climate change in specific areas


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Public health education

Legislation and administration Preparation of a National Adaptation

Program of Action

Coordination with organizations andagencies that work on climate change

issues

Signing international treaties on climatechange


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Status of the Philippine Climate

Change Adaptation Program on

Health?

Still in its infancy stage?

National, regional, or community-based?

Coordinated or fragmented efforts?

Whos in-charge?

W

heres the functional structure? Where are the funds?

How to operationalize?


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Climate change has not been significantly

factored in, in the National Unified HealthResearch Agenda (NUHRA)

Only impacts and adaptation strategies to

climate change in coastal ecosystem

under the sub-topic Environmental Health

of the NUHRA Priority 4 Health Service

Delivery, is clearly addressing effects of

climate change


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One basic principle in ecology we

learn is that the ultimate fate of a

species is _____.


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EXTINCTION!


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Lesson from the Ants

Go to the ant, you sluggard; consider its

ways and be wise! It has no commander, no

overseer or ruler, yet it stores its provisions

in summer and gathers its food at harvest.

Proverbs 6:6-8


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Proper Consultations Needed

Plans fail for lack of counsel, but with many

advisers they succeed.

Proverbs 15:22


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Thank you for your attention.

Climate Change Adaptation in Health

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