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Climate change in Pakistan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pakistan makes a tiny contribution to total global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, less than 1%(among the loest in the orld)!1" but it is among the countries most #ulnerable to climate

change, and it has #ery lo technical and financial capacity to adapt to its ad#erse impacts$!" &he

effects of climate change and global warming on Pakistan, the melting of glaciers in the

Himalayas, threatening the #olumetric flo rate of many of the most important ri#ers ofPakistan$ 'n Pakistan, such effects are proected to impact millions of li#es$ s a result of

ongoing climate change, the climate of Pakistan has become increasingly #olatile o#er the past

se#eral decades* this trend is e+pected to continue$

limate hange -itigation Pakistan.s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are lo compared to

international standards$ 'n //0 Pakistan.s total GHG emissions ere 1/ million tons of 2e3ui#alent$ &hese comprised4 2 56%* -ethane (H6) 7%* 8itrous 2+ide (82) 9%*

arbon -ono+ide (2) /$:%* and 8on;-ethane <olatile 2rganic ompounds /$%$ (=ource4 8ational GHG in#entory //0)$ &he energy sector is the single largest source of GHG emission

in Pakistan* it accounts for nearly 51% of these emissions and is folloed by the agriculture

sector (9%), industrial processes (7%), land use, land use change and forestry (>?>?F) (%)emissions and aste (1%) (=ource4 8ational GHG in#entory //0)$ s such, the most important

targets for mitigation efforts focused on reduction of GHG emissions are the energy and

agriculture sectors$ 'n the energy sector, integration of climate change and energy policyobecti#es is particularly important as today.s in#estment ill @lock inA the infrastructure, fuel

and technologies to be used for decades to come$ =imilarly, the building and transport

infrastructure put in place today should meet the design needs of the future$ &herefore, greaterattention must be paid to energy efficiency re3uirements in building codes and long;termtransport planning$!"

Contents

• 1 limate hange Policy

• &hreats

• Bisaster Preparedness

• 6 =ee also

• 5 C+ternal links

• 7 Deferences

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Climate Change Policy

Policy 2becti#es &he main obecti#es of Pakistan’s Climate Change Policy include4

1$ &o pursue sustained economic groth by appropriately addressing the challenges of climate

change*

$ &o integrate climate change policy ith other inter;related national policies*

$ &o focus on pro;poor gender sensiti#e adaptation hile also promoting mitigation to the e+tent

 possible in a cost;effecti#e manner*

6$ &o ensure ater security, food security and energy security of the country in the face of thechallenges posed by climate change*

5$ &o minimiEe the risks arising from the e+pected increase in fre3uency and intensity of e+treme

eather e#ents such as floods, droughts and tropical storms*

7$ &o strengthen inter;ministerial decision making and coordination mechanisms on climate

change*

:$ &o facilitate effecti#e use of the opportunities, particularly financial, a#ailable both nationally

and internationally*

0$ &o foster the de#elopment of appropriate economic incenti#es to encourage public and pri#ate

sector in#estment in adaptation measures*

9$ &o enhance the aareness, skill and institutional capacity of rele#ant stakeholders*

1/$ &o promote conser#ation of natural resources and long term sustainability$

Threats

&he important climate change threats to Pakistan are4 !6"

1$ onsiderable increase in the fre3uency and intensity of e+treme eather e#ents, coupled ith

erratic monsoon rains causing fre3uent and intense floods and droughts*

$ Proected recession of the Hindu ush;arakoram;Himalayan (HH) glaciers due to global

arming and carbon soot deposits from trans;boundary pollution sources, threatening ater

inflos into the 'ndus Di#er =ystem ('D=)*

$ 'ncreased siltation of maor dams caused by more fre3uent and intense floods*

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6$ Dising temperatures resulting in enhanced heat and ater;stressed conditions, particularly in

arid and semi;arid regions, leading to reduced agricultural producti#ity*

5$ Further decrease in the already scanty forest co#er, from too rapid change in climaticconditions to allo natural migration of ad#ersely affected plant species*

7$ 'ncreased intrusion of saline ater in the 'ndus delta, ad#ersely affecting coastal agriculture,

mangro#es and the breeding grounds of fish*

:$ &hreat to coastal areas due to proected sea le#el rise and increased cyclonic acti#ity due to

higher sea surface temperatures*

0$ 'ncreased stress beteen upper riparian and loer riparian regions in relation to sharing of

ater resources*

9$ 'ncreased health risks and climate change induced migration$

&he abo#e threats lead to maor sur#i#al concerns for Pakistan, particularly in relation to the

country.s ater security, food security and energy security$

Disaster Preparedness

Bisaster Preparedness limate change is likely to increase climate;related natural disasters ith

the proected increase in the fre3uency and intensity of e+treme eather e#ents, including floods,

droughts, cyclones, landslides triggered by hea#y rains and urban flooding due to congestion ofstorm drainage$ limate change proections are scenario based, and hence ha#e some degree of

uncertainty$ 8onetheless, there are strong indications that in =outh sia, particularly in Pakistan,

climate change is intensifying the abo#e;mentioned haEards$ Pakistan is already e+periencingclimate change impacts hich are too #isible to ignore$ -ost disasters or haEards that lead to

destruction cannot be pre#ented* their impact hoe#er, can be minimiEed by adaptation and

 preparedness measures$