Click to edit Master title style Principles of...

Click to edit Master title style

Intro to the Elements and

Principles of Design

Elements of Design

Line – Line divides the garment into areas as well as giving a feeling of movement.

Lines can be more than horizontal or vertical. They can be. . . .

• Curved

• Diagonal

• Zigzag

• Dashed

• Parallel

• Wavy




Elements of Design

Space – Space is the area inside the shape or

outline of an object.

Positive space is

occupied by the

main subject.

Negative space is

the area around

the positive

space.




Elements of Design

Shape –

the outline or silhouette of an

object. It is two-dimensional and

appears flat.

Form –

the shape and structure of an

item. It is three-dimensional with

length, width, and depth.

(A circle is a shape; a ball is a form.)




Elements of Design

Texture –

refers to the surface feel of

fabrics. Texture should

harmonize with body size.




Elements of Design

Pattern

• Size of pattern, type of fabric, and

placement of pattern on the design matter

Large

Small Abstract Geometric




Elements of Design

Color – Usually the first aspect of a

garment to which people respond;

consumers often select or reject

garments based on color.

The Color Wheel

Value and Intensity

Chart (Example)

Start

Here

Value Scale:

Add White

Intensity Scale:

Add Gray

Intensity Scale:

Add Complement

Value Scale:

Add Black

Types of Color Schemes

Monochromatic

Types of Color Schemes (cont.)

Complementary


Split Complementary


Analogous

The Principles of Design

Rhythm

Emphasis

Balance

Proportion/Scale

Harmony


Rhythm: related movement that leads the eye smoothly and easily from one part of the design to another

Rhythm provides a sense of order and quality of gracefulness.

Rhythm provides the illusion of motion as the eye moves easily from one part of the design to another.

Four types of rhythm include the following:

3. transition

4. radiation

1. repetition

2. gradation


Emphasis: also known as the “center of

interest,” “focal point,” and “dominant idea” Emphasis centers attention on the most important

item in an arrangement and allows rhythm to carry the

eye from this point to other areas of interest.

Emphasis creates order and captures attention.

Examples: Color, Lines, Neckline, Collar


Balance: the arranging of design parts to

create a feeling of rest and equilibrium

Balance produces a sense of equality

between opposite elements.

Types are as follows:

1. Formal balance (symmetrical) – The design

is the same on each side of the design

center.

2. Informal balance (asymmetrical) – The

design is balanced but is different on each

side of the design center.


Balance- equalizing the parts of design

All types of Balance

Formal-Symmetrical

Informal- Asymmetrical

Vertical

Horizontal

Radial


Proportion/Scale

Proportion is the relationship of parts to

each other and to the design as a whole

based on division of space.

Scale is the law of proportion when

applied to the size relationship of

objects used together.


Harmony: the combination of unity and variety. All

parts of the room or garment work together to

create a pleasing, whole design.

Harmony occurs when the parts of a design are related by a

unified design and consistency of style.

Harmony is essential to successful design.

Harmony is the final goal of any arrangement.

Harmony demands that the sizes, shapes, colors, textures,

and ideas used to create the arrangement or design be

related.

Unity + Variety = Harmony


Unity

Utilizing all elements to create a pleasing

effect

Construction lines

should match

Similar shapes and

curves

Plaids and stripes

should match

throughout

Sleeve lines and

pattern should

match bodice lines

Style lines in the

tops and bottoms

should match


Variety

"to change the character" of an element, to make it

different.

Variety is the complement to unity and is needed to

create visual interest. Without unity, an image is

chaotic and "unreadable;" without variety it is dull and

uninteresting.

Good design is achieved through the balance of unity

and variety; the elements need to be alike enough so

we perceive them as belonging together and different

enough to be interesting.

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