Click to continue with the presentation…. Aug 1789 – Oct 1791 Comeback! God Appointed me Freedom...

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Aug 1789 – Oct 1791

Comeback! God

Appointed me

FreedomVoice

National Assembly

1789

May 5th : The Estates General Opens at Versailles


The first ever meeting in which the Third Estate participated, commenced with an opening speech by the King, followed by a long, tiring analysis of the financial condition of France.


National Assembly

June 20th : The Tennis Court Oath

1789

On June 20th The Third Estate was locked out of its meeting room as preparations were being made for a Royal session of all three Estates on June 22. Confused and angry, the delegates met instead at an indoor tennis court on the palace grounds, and they signed an oath not to disband until they had drawn up a constitution for France. The Tennis Court Oath signaled the beginning of the refusal of the French people to bow to the absolute rule of the King.


National Assembly

July 14th : The Fall of The Bastille

1789

The Bastille was an old prison fortress. It was stormed by an angry mob that believed that behind the walls were numerous arms, and hordes of prisoners to be set free. This action is thought to be the first aggressive and defiant act of the Revolution. The rumours of what was inside turned out to be false. There was no large number of arms, and there were only seven prisoners.


National Assembly

Late July : The Great Fear Spreads in Rural Areas

1789

Grain shortages were becoming worse. The grain was guarded nervously by local militias, as bands of vagrants roamed the country side. There were rumors that Aristocrats hired vagrants to protect the new harvest from the peasantry. As civil unrest grew, there were attacks on Manor Houses by fearful peasants, who armed themselves in self defense against the imaginary marauders supposedly hired by the Aristocracy.


National Assembly

August 4th-11th : Feudalism is Abolished

1789

Thank godThe National Assembly abolished Feudalism, and Nobles joined the National Assembly.


National Assembly

August 27th : Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

1789

A Declaration was written for the people, setting forth the laws and principles of the new State. It echoed the sentiments of the Enlightenment philosophes, the English Bill of Rights, and the American Declaration of Independence. It asserted political and social equality of all men, the sovereignty of the people, and the natural right to liberty, property, security and resistance to opposition.


National Assembly

October 5th & 6th : Parisian Women March to Versailles

1789

On October 5, 1789, angry women (and some men), marched from Paris to Versailles to protest the bread shortages and the high price of food. The people also suspected that the King was plotting against the National Assembly. This was the last time someone lived at the palace at Versailles.


National Assembly

November 3rd : Nationalization of Church Lands

1789

The 10% of the land, owned by the RC Church, was given to the State. The Church was not pleased because the land that it had owned since Medieval times, was being taken away.


National Assembly

July 12rd : Civil Constitution of the Clergy is adopted

The Assembly passed this Constitution to bring the Clergy under State control. The Clergy would be elected by all citizens and their salaries paid by the State. The members of the Clergy had to swear an oath that the government was superior to the Pope, otherwise they had to give up their positions. This increased the conflict between the RC Church and the State.

1790


National Assembly

October 12rd : Louis and his Family Attempt to Flee France

1791

Angry Mob

King Louis XVI


Oct 1791 – Oct 1792

I’m so happy

LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

April 20

August 10

1792France Declares War on Austria

The Griondins persuaded Louis XVI that France could win a war against Austria. On April 21st, 1792, the French government declared war on Austria. As Prussia was allied with Austria, France found itself fighting a war against both countries.

The Tuileries Palace is stormed, and Louis XVI and his Family take Refuge with the Legislative Assembly

Parisians were growing restless over the war. On August 10th they turned against the King. The mob stormed the Tuileries, were the Royal Family was being held. They killed some of the Swiss guards, and seized the Royal Family and the King. A revolutionary municipal government in Paris was set up. They demanded a new constitution and convention to replace the Legislative Assembly.


LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

September 2nd –7th

September

21st

1792 The September Massacres

Rumors circulated that 3000 prisoners held in Paris were planning to stage an uprising. News that the city of Verdun was threatened by the Prussian army was the spark that began what was called the “September Massacres”. An angry mob stormed the prison on September 2nd, and over the next five days about 1100 prisoners were killed.

Monarchy is Abolished and the National Convention Declares France a Republic

The Legislative Assembly was dissolved and was replaced by the National Convention. It met for the first time on Sept.21st, 1792. One of its first acts was to abolish the Monarchy. France would now be considered a Republic.



Sept 1792 – Oct 1795

Who’s next?

National Convention

Louis XVI is Executed!

In France, the Terror continued. Louis XVI, after being found guilty of treason, was executed by guillotine

1793January 21st


National Convention

France declares war on Great Britain!

1793February 1st


National Convention

Counterrevolution breaks out in the Vendee

1793

March


National Convention

The Committee of Public Safety is Formed

On April 6th, the Government moved to centralize control by appointing a Committee of Public Safety. This was a twelve member executive with sweeping powers. It controlled both domestic and foreign policy of France. One of the Committee’s main goals was to repress the counter-revolutionaries.

1793

April 6th


National Convention

Beginning of the Terror October

Robespierre had been elected to the Committee of Public Safety, and over the next year, through his influence, the terror was unleashed. During this time, any citizen suspected of treason was sent to the guillotine. Over the next year about 40,000 men, woman, and children perished during the Terror. These included he Royal family, Clergy and political enemies

1793

June 2nd


National Convention

The Constitution of 1793

1793June 22nd


National Convention

Levee en Masse

Levee en Masse was a type of conscription that sent unmarried men, between the ages of 18-25, to war. The women also were sent to help in the cause by making clothing, and working in hospitals.

1793

August 23rd


National Convention

The Law of Maximum

The Law of Maximum was put into effect by the Committee of Public Safety in April 1793. The goal behind it was to regulate bread prices in France. Unfortunately, the new law did not work out as well as hoped, because the prices were still too high, and people were finding alternate ways to get bread on the black market. As a result of the lack of effectiveness, the law was abandoned in December, 1794.

1793

September 17th


National Convention

Marie-Antoinette is Executed

She and the King were charged with treason in 1891 after they tried to escape from France. Marie was executed a few months after King Louis XVI.

1793

October 16th


National Convention

The Revolutionary Calendar is Adopted

Units of measurement were changed to the decimal (metric) system, and the calendar was changed to reflect the first year of the revolution as year one instead of the year 1792.

1793

November 10th


National Convention

The Ninth of Thermidor and the Fall of Robespierre

Robespierre was deserted by his supporters. He was accused of being a tyrant, and on July 27th, 1794 Robespierre was arrested.

1794

July 27th


National Convention

Robespierre is Executed

The day after he was arrested, Robespierre and some of his followers were sent to the guillotine. Robespierre was destroyed by the very system he created. The death of Robespierre led to what historians called the Thermidorean Reaction.

1794

July 28th


The Constitution of the Year II is Adopted and

the Directory is Established and Lasts

Until 1799

The Constitution established a two-house legislature. The two houses were the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Elders. Legislation was introduced by the Five Hundred and then the Elders would approve or disapprove. Executive power was vested in the five Directors chosen by the Elders. The regime was called the Directory.

1795 – 1799

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