Click on each of the tabs along the top bar to access ...
29
Sidney Innerebner, PhD, PE, E, CWP Indigo Water Group No Audio? Check Your Speakers. Disclaimers 2 Many of the images and videos that we use in our training materials were collected from the internet over the span of many years. We have made every effort to reference the original source. When possible, we’ve contacted webmasters for permission to use these materials. If you are the owner of an image or video and don’t want us to use it, please let us know and we’ll remove it from our training materials immediately. Indigo Water Group, LLC has made attempts to verify the information provided in this web-based training against respected reference materials including Manual of Practice 11 by Water Environment Federation and the Sacramento Manuals. Neither the Author nor the Publisher, Indigo Water Group, assumes any responsibility for errors, omissions, or contrary interpretation of the subject matter herein. A minimum passing score of 70% is now required for each quiz in our on-line training classes. You must pass each quiz to receive a training unit certificate. If you don’t pass a quiz, the class will return to the slide following the previous quiz. You’ll be able to move freely through the slides to view material you might have missed before retaking the quiz. Outline & Notes Click on each of the tabs along the top bar to access learning resources. Resources include the course handout and useful links. Speaker Info. Marker Tools Resources Call 303-489-9226 for technical assistance with this course.
Transcript of Click on each of the tabs along the top bar to access ...
Sidn
ey In
nere
bner
, PhD
, PE,
E,
CW
PIn
digo
Wat
er G
roup
No
Aud
io?
Che
ck Y
our S
peak
ers.
Disc
laim
ers
2
Man
y of
the
imag
es a
nd v
ideo
s tha
t we
use
in o
ur tr
aini
ng
mat
eria
ls w
ere
colle
cted
from
the
inte
rnet
ove
r the
span
of m
any
year
s. W
e ha
ve m
ade
ever
y ef
fort
to re
fere
nce
the
orig
inal
so
urce
. W
hen
poss
ible
, we’
ve c
onta
cted
web
mas
ters
for
perm
issi
on to
use
thes
e m
ater
ials
. If
you
are
the
owne
r of a
n im
age
or v
ideo
and
don
’t w
ant u
s to
use
it, p
leas
e le
t us k
now
and
w
e’ll
rem
ove
it fr
om o
ur tr
aini
ng m
ater
ials
imm
edia
tely
.
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up, L
LC h
as m
ade
atte
mpt
s to
veri
fy th
e in
form
atio
n pr
ovid
ed in
this
web
-bas
ed tr
aini
ng a
gain
st re
spec
ted
refe
renc
e m
ater
ials
incl
udin
g M
anua
l of P
ract
ice
11 by
Wat
er
Envi
ronm
ent F
eder
atio
n an
d th
e Sa
cram
ento
Man
uals
. N
eith
er th
e A
utho
r nor
the
Publ
ishe
r, In
digo
Wat
er G
roup
, ass
umes
any
re
spon
sibi
lity
for e
rror
s, o
mis
sion
s, o
r con
trar
y in
terp
reta
tion
of t
he
subj
ect m
atte
r her
ein.
A m
inim
um p
assi
ng s
core
of 7
0% is
now
requ
ired
for
each
qui
z in
our
on-
line
trai
ning
cla
sses
.
You
mus
t pas
s eac
h qu
iz to
rece
ive
a tr
aini
ng u
nit
cert
ifica
te.
If y
ou d
on’t
pass
a q
uiz,
the
clas
s will
retu
rn to
the
slid
e fo
llow
ing
the
prev
ious
qui
z. Y
ou’ll
be
able
to m
ove
free
ly
thro
ugh
the
slid
es to
vie
w m
ater
ial y
ou m
ight
hav
e m
isse
d be
fore
reta
king
the
quiz
.
Out
line
&N
otes
Clic
k on
eac
h of
the
tabs
alo
ng th
e to
p ba
r to
acce
ss le
arni
ng re
sour
ces.
Reso
urce
s inc
lud
e th
e co
urse
han
dou
t an
d u
sefu
l link
s.
Spea
ker
Info
.M
arke
rTo
ols
Reso
urce
s
Cal
l 303
-489
-922
6 fo
r tec
hnic
al a
ssist
ance
with
this
cour
se.
5
Wha
t typ
e of
dig
esti
on d
oes y
our f
acili
ty u
se?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
Qui
z Rev
iew
6
Solid
s Han
dlin
gPr
oces
ses
Thic
keni
nggG
ravi
ty T
hick
ener
yRo
tary
Dru
m T
hick
ener
yD
isso
lved
Air
Floa
tati
on T
hick
ener
Dig
estio
ng So
lids H
andl
ing
Lago
ons
Aer
obic
Ana
erob
icD
ewat
erin
ggC
ondi
tion
ingg
Filte
r Pre
ssBe
lt Fi
lter P
ress
Cen
trifu
ge
7
Purp
ose
Redu
ce p
atho
gens
in sl
udge
pg
Con
vert
slu
dge
to
go o
bios
olid
sg
Redu
ces
mas
s for
ulti
mat
e di
spos
alp
May
gen
erat
e on
e or
mor
e be
nefic
ially
reus
able
M
ay g
ener
aM pr
oduc
tsp
Soil
amen
dmen
t / fe
rtili
zer
Elec
tric
ityy
Phos
phor
usp
WRR
F p
F F–p –
Wat
er R
esou
rce
Reco
very
Fac
iliti
es
8
Dige
stio
n Pr
oces
ses
Solid
s Han
dlin
g La
goon
sg
gA
erob
ic D
iges
tion
gA
naer
obic
Dig
esti
on
Bact
eria
bre
ak d
own
in n En
doge
nous
Res
pira
tion
gp
End
prod
ucts
of d
iges
tion
are
car
bon
diox
ide,
e,
e
wat
ererrrrrrrer,
End
prod
ucts
of d
iges
tion
are
car
boE an
d bi
ts th
at d
on’t
degr
ade
easi
ly
C4H
7O2N
P CO
2+
H2O
+ N
H3
+ P
or M
etha
ne +
CO
2+
H2O
+ N
H3
+ P
Clas
s “B”
With
Res
pect
to
Path
ogen
s7
sam
ples
es
-Geo
met
ric
Mea
n <2
,000
,000
0M
PNN/g
or
77 sa
mp
77 CFU
plees
-et
ric
Mea
n <2
,000
,000
Geo
me
GG0
amp
Upppp * (b
ased
on
seve
n sa
mpl
es p
er e
vent
) PNN
/M
PM t)O
RC
FUU((b
aassed
on
seve
nse
dse
d
Use
1 of
5 A
ppro
ved
pp
n sa
mpl
es p
er e
vennt
)t) O
RROO
ven
dPr
oces
s to
Sig
nific
antly
Red
uce
Use
1 of
5
Usee
1of5
Ap
e1o
UU5
Path
ogen
sAAp
ns(
pro
prov
edpppp
Ap
Ap
s(pp PS
RPd d
roce
ss to
roce
ssto
PrProv
edov
edddRP
) met
hods
:g
atho
gennss
((SRPSP
RPm
e)) m
Aer
obic
Dig
esti
onth
ods:
met
me nn: 4
0 da
ys @
20 0
° °C n
o le
ss th
an 6
0 da
ys
Ae
Ae
AA @15
robi
rrob
5°
ic
iiccbibiro
bro
b5
°C
@@15555
C
C
Air
Dry
ing
ng:
3 m
onth
s wit
h tw
o m
onth
s abo
ve 0
0°°C
A
ir D
ryin
An
g3
mon
ths w
: A
naer
obic
Dig
esti
onw
ith
two
mon
ths
wnn:
15
days
@ 3
5ont
3535-th
ont
55-55
hsab
hs a
h 5555°
bove
00
C
Cabs a 5 5
°C n
o le
ss th
an
Ana
erob
ic
Ana
erob
iicAA 60
day
s at 2
0 Dig
eDDD 0
°es
tes
tgege
Dig
Dig
D°C
y
60 d
ays a
t 200
Com
post
ing
C
0CC
ngg:
Min
imum
40 0
°°C fo
r 5 d
ays w
ith
min
4
Com
post
Com
post
CCp
hour
s at 5
5 innngg:
inin 5°
MMMggg:::nnnng
ng
nggg °°g C
55
hour
s at5
555 CC
Lim
e St
abil
izat
ionon
: A
dd li
me
to ra
ise
pH to
12 a
fter
two
Lim
e St
abil
izat
ioLi
me
Stabb
iliz
atil
iizil
iLL ho
urs o
f con
tact
hour
s ofc
onta
ctO
ther
as a
ppro
ved
by E
PA R
egio
n 8
Clas
s “A”
With
Res
pect
to
Path
ogen
sFe
cal <
1000
0M
PNN/g
or S
alm
onel
la as.
pp.p. <
3 3 M
PNN/4
g (b
ased
Fe
cal <
1000
Feca
l<10
00FF
0 0M
PNM
PNMM
NNg
or S
alm
ong
o/g/g
on s
even
sam
ples
per
eve
nt)
nella
sm
ont)
t)
AN
Dp
pU
se o
ne o
f 5 a
ppro
ved
met
hods
to o oFu
rthe
r Red
uce
Use
one
of 5
U Path
ogen
s5
of 5
nsns:
gTi
me/
tem
p de
pend
ing
on so
lids c
onte
ntp
pg
pH/t
ime
then
dry
to a
t lea
st 5
0% so
lids
py
5p Te
stin
g fo
r ent
eric
vir
uses
/via
ble e e
helm
inthh
ova
gTe
stin
g gPF
RPgg
RPRP: c
ompo
stin
g, h
eat d
ryin
g, h
eat t
reat
men
t, TA
D, b
eta
ray
PFRRP
com
post
ing,
hea
t dry
ing,
hea
t tre
atm
ent,
TAD
, bet
a ra
y: c
irra
diat
ion,
gam
ma
ray
irra
diat
ion,
pas
teur
izat
ion,
oth
er a
s ir
radi
atio
n, g
amm
a ra
y ir
rad
appr
oved
by
EPA
Reg
ion
8
Vect
or A
ttrac
tion
Redu
ctio
n (V
AR)
38%
VSR
33 Ana
erob
ic cc--b
ench
sca
le te
st (4
0 da
ys)
Aer
obic
c c-
4y
-be
nch
scal
e te
st (3
0 da
ys)
Aer
obic
cc-
3y
-SO
UR
=<
1.5m
g O
2/hr
@ 2
0 0°
0 °C
Aer
obic
c cc-
5-1
4+ d
ays
@ >
40 gg
00°g °C
(((C
C
avggg
>45
@55
°5 5
°C)
4y
44
gg455
pH >
12+
for 2
hr t
hen
11.5+
for 2
2hr
p5
p Dry
to 7
5% w
hen
stab
ilize
d so
lids u
sed
(dig
este
d)y
75D
ry to
90%
whe
n n nun
stab
ilize
dg
ddso
lids u
sed
(und
iges
ted)
y9
Sub.
inje
ctio
n (n
o si
gnifi
cant
aft
er 1h
r)j
gSu
rfac
e ap
plic
atio
n w
/inc
orpo
rati
on (w
/in
6hrs
)
Col
orad
o R
egul
atio
n Se
ctio
n64
.12(
C)
12
Vola
tile
Solid
s Red
uctio
n%
VSS
Red
ucti
on =
( In
–O
ut)
In –
(In*
Out
)*
100
100
lb T
otal
Sol
ids
80%
Vol
atile
20 lb
s in
ert s
olid
s40
lbs v
olat
ile s
olid
s67
% V
olat
ile
% V
SS re
duct
ion
= 50
%%
TS
redu
ctio
n =
40%
If M
LSS
is 82
% v
olat
ile a
nd so
lids
leav
ing
the
dige
ster
are
67%
vo
latil
e, fi
nd th
e %
VSS
redu
ctio
n.%
VSS
Red
ucti
on =
( In
–O
ut)
In –
(In*
Out
)*
100
% V
SS R
educ
tion
=
(
0.8
2 –
0.67
)0.
82 –
(0.8
2*0.
67)
* 10
0
% V
SS R
educ
tion
=
5
5.4%
14
15
Why
can
’t w
e ju
st u
se th
e si
mpl
e pe
rcen
t rem
oval
form
ula
to c
alcu
late
VS
redu
ctio
n?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
16
Qui
z Re
view
Solid
s Lag
oons
Sim
ple
pLo
w C
ost
Long
Det
enti
on T
imes
Lo
ng D
eten
L Requ
ired
qLa
nd In
tens
ive
Odo
r Gen
erat
ion
Imag
e by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
Facu
ltativ
e So
lids L
agoo
ns
Aer
obic
Slud
ge
8-15
ft.
Soli
dsTo
Hea
dwor
ks
Surf
ace
Aer
ator
Solid
s La
goon
Tota
l Det
entio
n Ti
me:
400
-600
Day
s
18G
raph
ic b
y In
digo
Wat
er G
roup
Aero
bic D
iges
tion
Real
ly e
xten
ded
aera
tion
act
ivat
ed sl
udge
yA
erat
ed a
t lea
st p
art o
f the
tim
ep
Proc
ess c
onsu
mes
1.5 5 5
––2.
0 lb
s oxy
gen
per l
b W
AS
55A
dd a
n ad
ditio
nal 1
.6 5 6 6–
ygp
–1.9
lbs o
xyge
n pe
r lb
prim
ary
slud
ge9
ygRe
lies o
n en
doge
nous
resp
irat
ion
gBe
st s
uite
d to
WA
SM
ix o
f pri
mar
y sl
udge
and
WA
S in
crea
ses t
ime
requ
ired
M
ix o
f pri
mar
yM fo
r dig
esti
on
19
Desig
n Cr
iteria
for A
erob
ic Di
gest
ion
Proc
ess
Para
met
erVa
lue
SRT
at 2
0 de
gree
s C40
SRT
at 15
deg
rees
C60
Vola
tile
Solid
s Loa
ding
,lb/
ft3 *
day
0.1 –
0.3
Dis
solv
ed O
xyge
nRe
sidu
al, m
g/L
1 –2
Redu
ctio
n of
VSS
38 -
50
20
21Ph
otog
raph
by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
Adva
ntag
es o
f Aer
obic
Dige
stio
nLo
wer
Init
ial C
ost
App
ropr
iate
for S
mal
ler P
lant
spp
pSi
mpl
e to
Ope
rate
pp
Low
Odo
r Gen
erat
ion
if D
esig
ned
Prop
erly
Redu
ces
Solid
s Mas
sBe
tter
Sup
erna
tant
than
Ana
erob
ic D
iges
tion
22
Disa
dvan
tage
s of A
erob
ic Di
gest
ion
Hig
her E
nerg
y C
osts
ggy
Low
er V
S D
estr
ucti
on n nvssvs
Ana
erob
icMayyy
Expe
rien
ce F
oam
ing
yyp
gC
old
Tem
pera
ture
s Affe
ct P
erfo
rman
cep
Diff
icul
t to
Dew
ater
Redu
ces p
H a
nd A
lkal
init
y
Recy
cles
fila
men
ts b
ack
to A
ctiv
ated
Slu
dge
proc
ess 23
Phot
ogra
ph b
y In
digo
Wat
er G
roup
Aero
bic D
iges
tion
Proc
ess
Cont
rol I
ssue
sM
ay re
quir
e re
gula
r dec
anti
ng t
oy
qg
Thic
ken
solid
s fo
r hau
lingg
Mai
ntai
n sp
ace
avai
labl
e fo
r new
sol
ids
pRe
cycl
e hi
gh n
itra
tey
gRe
cycl
e fil
amen
ts
24Ph
otog
raph
cou
rtes
y of
Ton
i Gly
mph
Aero
bic D
iges
tion
Proc
ess
Cont
rol S
olut
ions
On/
Off
aer
atio
n fo
r pH
con
trol
pO
n/O
ff a
erat
ion
for N
O3
cont
rol
3Li
me
addi
tion
for p
H c
ontr
ol
25
Aero
bic D
iges
tion
Ope
ratio
nal D
ata
Com
bine
d Sl
udge
Age
VS
Redu
ctio
nSO
UR
Tem
pera
ture
pA
lkal
init
ypH
26
27
Wha
t ope
rati
onal
str
ateg
y ca
n be
use
d to
kee
p pH
in th
e ri
ght r
ange
for a
n ae
robi
c di
gest
er?
Can
a d
iges
ter c
onti
nue
to w
ork
belo
w 15
deg
rees
Cel
sius
?
Whi
ch c
lass
of b
ioso
lidsc
an b
e m
ade
avai
labl
e fo
r pub
lic ta
keaw
ay?
Wha
t is t
he m
inim
um p
erce
ntag
e vo
lati
le so
lids r
educ
tion
requ
ired
to m
eet t
he
503
regu
lato
ry re
quir
emen
t?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
28
Qui
z Re
view
Goi
ng W
itho
ut O
xyge
n
30
Pers
pect
ive…
.Ro
ughl
y 16
,500
WRR
Fs in
Uni
ted
Stat
esg
y5
Serv
e ab
out 7
2 pe
rcen
t of p
opul
atio
n
So…
….
Few
er th
an 4
% o
f tre
atm
ent
So…
….
Few
er th
an 4
% o
f tre
atm
S plan
ts h
ave
anae
robi
c di
gest
ers
32
Only
106 o
f th
ese
utilize
th
eir digester gas t
o cogene
rate
electricity
an
d/or t
herm
al e
nergy.
Anae
robi
c Dig
este
rs in
Col
orad
oD
enve
r Met
ro W
aste
wat
er R
ecla
mat
ion
Dis
tric
tLi
ttle
ton/
Engl
ewoo
d W
WTP
gC
ity
of P
uebl
o W
WTP
yC
ity
of G
rand
Junc
tion
, n,
nPe
rsig
ooW
WTP
yJ
gC
ity
and
Cou
nty
of B
room
field
WW
TPy
yC
ity
of D
uran
goy
gC
ity
of B
rush
yC
ity
of G
reel
eyy
Mor
e???
?33
Anae
robi
c Dig
estio
nA
bsen
ce o
f Oxy
gen
and
Abs
ence
A N
itra
teFe
rmen
tati
on p
roce
ssp
Dep
ends
on
two
grou
ps o
f D
epen
ds o
D bact
eria
Aci
d Fo
rmer
s or S
apro
phyt
ic
Aci
d Fo
rmer
A Org
anis
ms
gM
etha
ne F
orm
ers
Gen
eral
lyyno
t cos
t effe
ctiv
e G
ener
ally
G belo
w 5
no
t cn
allyy 5 5m
gdot c
dd-
ost e
ffect
ivcot c -cha
nging
34Ph
otog
raph
cou
rtes
y of
Dav
e O
erke
Anae
robi
c Dig
estio
n
Raw
Slu
dge
Aci
d Fo
rmer
s
Org
anic
A
cids
CO2,
H2O
Met
hane
Fo
rmer
sM
etha
neCO
2, H
2O
3536
Type
s of A
naer
obic
Dige
ster
sTy
peTe
mpe
ratu
re
Ran
ge, o F
Soli
d R
eten
tion
Tim
e, d
ays
Psyc
hrop
hilic
Unh
eate
d60
+
Mes
ophi
lic68
–113
(9
5o F)
25 -
30
Ther
mop
hilic
120
-135
5 –
12
37
Anae
robi
cDig
este
r Co
mpo
nent
sC
ylin
dric
al, c
ubic
al, o
r egggg
-g-sh
aped
tank
ygggg
pSl
oped
floo
r (1:4
to 1:
6 si
de s
lope
)p
4Fi
xed
or F
loat
ing
Cov
erg
Mix
ing
Equi
pmen
tg
qp
Supe
rnat
ant T
ubes
pSl
udge
Dra
w O
ff T
ubes
gG
as S
yste
m
38
39
Flat
Trus
sD
omed
Floa
ting
Floa
ting
Gas
Hol
ding
Mem
bran
eG
as H
oldi
ng
Fixe
dC
over
Floa
ting
Cov
er
40iS
tock
Phot
o co
urte
sy o
f Cit
y of
Pue
blo
Phot
o co
urte
sy o
f Lit
tlet
on/E
ngle
woo
dPh
oto
by In
digo
Wat
er G
roup
4142
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
Sing
le F
amily
Bio
gas U
nit
Gas
may
be
burn
ed
Gas
may
be
burn
ed
G dire
ctly
for h
eati
ngy
gSe
nd to
100%
bio
gas
Send
to 10
0% b
ioga
s S ge
nera
tor f
ollo
wed
by
gene
rato
r fol
low
edal
tern
ator
($80
0 wed 0 0-
by
d ed -$10
00)
Payb
ack
on c
onst
ruct
ion
Payb
ack
on c
onP is
4 to
8 y
ears
4y
Can
sell
exce
ss b
ioga
s and
C
an se
ll ex
cC el
ectr
icit
y
43ht
tp:/
/kha
oyai
.wor
dpre
ss.c
om/2
007/
11/20
/sus
tain
able
-ene
rgy-
proj
ect-
redu
ces-
logg
ing/
Fixe
d Co
ver T
ank
Des
igne
d to
mai
ntai
n 88-8-
inch
wat
er c
olum
n of
gas
g
Des
igne
d to
mai
ntai
n D
88pr
essu
re o
n ta
nk ro
ofp O
ccas
iona
lly d
esig
ned
for h
ighe
r pre
ssur
ey
gFl
at v
ersu
s D
omed
Cov
er
Can
dev
elop
exp
losi
ve g
as m
ixtu
re5 5 555
–p
pg
––15
% g
as/a
ir m
ixtu
res
5555
g/
5A
dd n
ew s
ludg
egW
ithd
raw
an
equa
l am
ount
of s
uper
nata
nt o
r slu
dge
qM
aint
ain
cons
tant
leve
l
44
Floa
ting
Cove
r Tan
kC
over
mov
es u
p an
d do
wn
wit
h ta
nk le
vel
pVe
rtic
al tr
avel
of 8
feet
typi
cal
ypTo
tal d
epth
of 2
0 fe
et o
r mor
ep
Stop
s or p
or
orC
orbe
lslslssp
aced
eve
ry 101010
-00-16
feet
aro
und
pp
yp
Rolle
r Gui
des e
nsur
e ev
en tr
avel
Max
imum
wat
er le
vel c
ontr
olle
d by
ove
rflo
w p
ipe
Wat
er s
eal al
prev
ents
air
from
ent
erin
g ta
nk
45So
urce
: htt
p://
i178.
phot
obuc
ket.c
om/a
lbum
s/w
263/
quee
njen
136/
Ots
ego.
jpg
46
47
Phot
ogra
ph b
y In
digo
Wat
er G
roup
48Ph
otog
raph
by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
49
Surv
ey Q
uest
ions
:
Wha
t is t
hat c
rust
y m
ater
ial o
n th
e co
ncre
te a
nd p
ipes
?
Why
doe
sn’t
the
floo
r of t
he d
iges
ter h
ave
any?
Not
ice
the
whi
te li
ne.
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
50Ph
otog
raph
by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
51
Surv
ey Q
uest
ions
:
Why
doe
sn’t
the
floo
r of t
he d
iges
ter h
ave
any?
Not
ice
the
whi
te li
ne.
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
52Ph
otog
raph
by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
Prec
ipita
te F
orm
atio
nSt
ruvi
tee–––
MgN
H4P
O4
Viv
iani
teeee–
g4
4g
––Fe
(PO
4)2
(4)
Cal
cium
Car
bona
te
4) e e––
CaC
O3
Stuv
iteefo
rmat
ion
can
be c
ontr
olle
dIr
on s
alt a
ddit
ion
to b
ind
PD
ose
iron
at 1
5 to
30
lbs p
er to
n of
dry
D
ose
iron
at 1
5 t
D solid
s to
form
to 3
0 lb
s p15
tm
m
Viv
iani
tePo
lym
eric
dis
pers
ing
agen
ts in
terf
ere
Poly
mer
ic d
ispe
rsin
g ag
eP w
ith
crys
tal f
orm
atio
n
53Publ
ic d
omai
n im
age
Vivi
anite
–Iro
n ph
osph
ate
54
Tend
s to
stay
in
solu
tion
as s
mal
l, di
sper
sed
crys
tals
.
Iron
als
o bi
nds u
p su
lfide
–od
or c
ontr
ol
and
clea
ner b
ioga
s.
Rob
Lavi
nsky
, iRo
cks.
com
–C
C-B
Y-SA
-3.0
[CC
BY-
SA 3
.0
(htt
p://
crea
tive
com
mon
s.or
g/lic
ense
s/by
-sa/
3.0)
], vi
a W
ikim
edia
Com
mon
s
Mix
ing
Uti
lizes
ent
ire
dige
ster
vol
ume
gD
istr
ibut
es ra
w s
ludg
e th
roug
hout
tank
gg
Con
tact
s mic
roor
gani
sms w
ith
food
gD
istr
ibut
es in
hibi
tory
byp
rodu
cts
yyp
Ass
ists
wit
h pH
and
alk
alin
ity
cont
rol
pD
istr
ibut
es h
eat
Min
imiz
es s
epar
atio
n of
gri
t and
scu
m
55
Pum
ped
Mix
ing
for S
mal
ler
Dige
ster
s
56
57Ph
otog
raph
by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
Gas o
r Lan
ce M
ixin
g
58
Oth
er T
ypes
of
Mix
ing
Impe
ller M
ixin
ggp
Bubb
le G
un S
yste
mD
raft
Tub
e
59
Supe
rnat
anta
nd S
ludg
e W
ithdr
awal
Tube
sTh
ree
to fi
ve tu
bes s
et a
t diff
eren
t dep
ths
Mul
tiple
leng
ths
pg
Allo
w o
pera
tor t
o dr
aw s
uper
nata
nt a
nd
Allo
w o
pera
tor t
o dr
aw s
uper
nA sl
udge
from
diff
eren
t dep
ths
gp
Som
e di
gest
ers u
se a
sing
le, a
djus
tabl
e tu
be
Som
e di
gest
ers u
sS fo
r sup
erna
tant
60
61Ph
otog
raph
by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
Prim
ary
and
Seco
ndar
y Di
gest
ers
62
Prim
ary
Seco
ndar
y
63
Why
doe
s the
dig
este
r hav
e to
be
mix
ed?
Wha
t is t
he p
urpo
se o
f the
seco
ndar
y di
gest
er?
Why
wou
ld y
ou a
dd fe
rrou
s chl
orid
e or
ferr
ic c
hlor
ide
to a
dig
este
r?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
64
Qui
z Re
view
Man
agin
g Ce
ntra
te R
etur
nC
entr
ateee
amm
onia
con
cent
rati
ons ~
1500
mg/
L as
NM
ay b
e up
to 2
0 0 0–
5g
–40
per
cent
tota
l am
mon
ia lo
ady
p4
p4
Mus
t be
man
aged
effe
ctiv
ely!
Cen
trat
eeal
so c
onta
ins v
alua
ble
alka
linit
y!
65
Whe
re d
id a
ll th
at a
mm
onia
co
me
from
?
66
C4H
7O2N
P C
H4
+ CO
2+
H2O
+ N
H3
+ P
Lysi
ne
Cent
rate
Man
agem
ent
GO
ALS
:M
aint
ain
stab
le d
iges
ter f
eed
rate
Con
stan
t g
nt
ntce
ntra
teg eefe
ed to
aer
atio
n ba
sins
Rais
e th
e “a
vera
ge” a
mm
onia
load
to b
uild
d dni
trifi
ers
gEn
sure
ade
quat
e al
kalin
ity
qN
itri
ficat
ion
pH B
uffe
ring
67
Nitr
ifier
srsAc
clim
ate
to A
vera
ge Lo
ad
Influent NH3-N, mg/L and ppd
Effluent NH3-N, mg/L and Flow, MGD
Avg.
infl
uent
NH
3 lo
adAv
g. in
flue
nt N
H3
load
68
MW
RD S
olid
Stre
am O
verv
iew
GV
T
DA
FT
Prim
ary
Slud
ge
Seco
ndar
y Sl
udge
SHT
#1, #
3A
naer
obic
D
iges
ters
SHT
#2, #
3C
entr
ifuge
Bios
olid
s to
Land
A
pplic
atio
n
Cen
trat
eto
A
-Bas
ins
Cen
trat
eH
oldi
ng
Tank
GV
T =
Gra
vity
Thi
cken
erD
AFT
= D
isso
lved
Air
Floa
tati
on T
hick
ener
SHT
= So
lids H
oldi
ng T
ank
Dig
este
r Ove
rflo
w to
N
orth
Hea
dwor
ks o
r So
uth
Prim
ary
Cha
nnel
69
MW
RD S
olid
Stre
am O
verv
iew
GV
T
DA
FT
Prim
ary
Slud
ge
Seco
ndar
y Sl
udge
SHT
#1, #
3A
naer
obic
D
iges
ters
SHT
#2, #
3C
entr
ifuge
Bios
olid
s to
Land
A
pplic
atio
n
Cen
trat
eto
A
-bas
ins
Cen
trat
eH
oldi
ngTa
nk
Dig
este
r Ove
rflo
w to
N
orth
Hea
dwor
ks o
r So
uth
Prim
ary
Cha
nnel
Con
trol
GV
T by
se
ttin
g fix
ed
pum
p ra
te to
re
mov
e so
lids
GV
T bl
anke
t lev
el w
ill
fluc
tuat
e or
“rid
e” u
p an
d do
wn
duri
ng th
e da
y.70
MW
RD S
olid
Stre
am O
verv
iew
GV
T
DA
FT
Prim
ary
Slud
ge
Seco
ndar
y Sl
udge
SHT
#1, #
3A
naer
obic
D
iges
ters
SHT
#2, #
3C
entr
ifuge
Bios
olid
s to
Land
A
pplic
atio
n
Cen
trat
eto
A-b
asin
Cen
trat
eH
oldi
ng
Tank
Dig
este
r Ove
rflo
w to
N
orth
Hea
dwor
ks o
r So
uth
Prim
ary
Cha
nnel
Resu
lts in
co
nsta
nt fe
ed to
di
gest
er +
/-10
%
71
MW
RD S
olid
Stre
am O
verv
iew
GV
T
DA
FT
Prim
ary
Slud
ge
Seco
ndar
y Sl
udge
SHT
#1, #
3A
naer
obic
D
iges
ters
SHT
#2, #
3C
entr
ifuge
Bios
olid
s to
Land
A
pplic
atio
n
Cen
trat
eto
A-b
asin
Cen
trat
eH
oldi
ngTa
nk
Dig
este
r Ove
rflo
w to
N
orth
Hea
dwor
ks o
r So
uth
Prim
ary
Cha
nnel
Cen
trat
em
ay b
e pu
shed
out
of
dige
ster
at e
ven
rate
.Ev
en N
H3-
N L
oadi
ng72
MW
RD S
olid
Stre
am O
verv
iew
GV
T
DA
FT
Prim
ary
Slud
ge
Seco
ndar
y Sl
udge
SHT
#1, #
3A
naer
obic
D
iges
ters
SHT
#2, #
3C
entr
ifuge
Bios
olid
s to
Land
A
pplic
atio
n
Cen
trat
eto
A-b
asin
Cen
trat
eH
oldi
ngTa
nk
Dig
este
r Ove
rflo
w to
N
orth
Hea
dwor
ks o
r So
uth
Prim
ary
Cha
nnel
Cap
acit
y of
cen
trat
eta
nk is
abo
ut 1.
4 da
ys.
73
MW
RD S
olid
Stre
am O
verv
iew
GV
T
DA
FT
Prim
ary
Slud
ge
Seco
ndar
y Sl
udge
SHT
#1, #
3A
naer
obic
D
iges
ters
SHT
#2, #
3C
entr
ifuge
Bios
olid
s to
Land
A
pplic
atio
n
Cen
trat
eto
A-b
asin
Cen
trat
eH
oldi
ngTa
nk
Dig
este
r Ove
rflo
w to
N
orth
Hea
dwor
ks o
r So
uth
Prim
ary
Cha
nnel
Con
trol
cen
trat
ere
turn
to A
-Bas
ins
by se
ttin
g fix
ed
pum
p ra
te
Cen
trat
e le
vel w
ill fl
uctu
ate
or
“rid
e” u
p an
d do
wn
duri
ng th
e da
y. C
onst
ant f
eed
to C
aRRB
74
Gas S
yste
mD
iges
tion
Pro
cess
Pro
duce
sg 8
to 12
cub
ic fe
et o
f gas
for e
very
lb V
SS A
DD
EDg
y12
to 18
cub
ic fe
et o
f gas
for e
very
lb V
SS D
ESTR
OYE
Dg
Gas
Mix
ture
sho
uld
be65
5 5––
75 p
erce
nt m
etha
ne b
y vo
lum
e 5 30 55 0 00–
75p
y77
–35
per
cent
car
bon
diox
ide
by v
olum
e33
35p
3Tr
ace
gase
s als
o pr
esen
tg
pH
ydro
gen,
nit
roge
n, h
ydro
gen
sulfi
de, e
tc
75
Heat
ing
Valu
e fo
rDig
este
r Gas
500
to 6
00 B
TU p
er c
ubic
foot
pBT
U =
Bri
tish
The
rmal
Uni
t = E
nerg
y BT
U
Bri
tish
Ther
mal
Uni
t B to
rai
se 1
lb o
f wat
er b
y on
e eeo
Et e eo F
Nat
ural
gas
has
a h
eati
ng v
alue
of 9
00
Nat
ural
gas
has
a h
eati
ng v
alu
N to 1,
200
BTU
per
cub
ic fo
ot
Reus
e to
hea
t dig
este
r and
/or
Reus
e to
hea
t dig
este
r and
/or
R build
ings
or “
flar
e” fo
r saf
ety
76
77Ph
otog
raph
cou
rtes
y of
Lit
tleto
n/En
glew
ood
Dige
ster
Hea
ting
Hea
t req
uire
d to
rais
e te
mpe
ratu
re o
f inc
omin
g sl
udge
qp
gH
eat r
equi
red
to m
ake
up tr
ansm
issi
on lo
sses
Slud
ge H
eati
ng F
orm
ula
gQ
= (S
)(CCC
s
gCCC
s)(TTT
og TTT oT-g TTT oTT--T
iTTTT ii)
Q =
Hea
t req
uire
men
t in
BTU
/hr
Q S =
Solid
s fl
ow ra
te in
lb/h
r/
Cs
= Sp
ecifi
c H
eat o
f Sol
ids
(1 B
TU /
lb *
*o
* o F
)p
(/
T =
Tem
pera
ture
of o
pera
tion
and
init
ial, ,
o))
, ooo F
78
Dige
ster
Hea
ting
Dig
este
r gas
scr
ubbe
dg
gSe
nt to
Boi
ler
Reci
rcul
ateee
dige
stin
g sl
udge
Re
circ
ulat
Re
dige
stin
g sl
udd
thro
ugh
heat
exc
hang
erg
gIn
tern
al o
r ext
erna
l to
tank
Reci
rcul
atio
n pu
mp
keep
s Re
circ
ulat
ion
pum
p ke
eps
R velo
city
at 4
fps t
o m
inim
ize
velo
city
afo
ulin
g
79
Phot
ogra
ph b
y In
digo
Wat
er G
roup
Proc
ess C
ontr
ol fo
r Hea
t Ex
chan
ger
Mon
itor i
nlet
and
out
let t
empe
ratu
res
pRe
duce
d he
at tr
ansf
er (d
rop
in d
elta
)p
Mal
func
tion
of S
olid
s Pu
mpsp
Mal
func
tion
of H
ot W
ater
Pum
pspH
ot w
ater
sup
ply
inte
rrup
tion
ppy
pW
hen
equi
pmen
t che
cks o
ut o
kay,
beg
in lo
okin
g fo
rq
pPl
uggi
nggg
gSt
ruvi
teg eeBu
ildupp
Lim
e Bu
ildup
and
oth
er F
oulin
g80
81
A ty
pica
l con
cent
rati
on o
f am
mon
ia in
ana
erob
ic d
iges
ter s
uper
nata
nt m
ight
be:
This
impo
rtan
t pro
cess
con
trol
par
amet
er sh
ould
be
reco
rded
dai
ly fo
r hea
t ex
chan
gers
.
The
heat
ing
valu
e of
dig
este
r gas
is lo
wer
than
for n
atur
al g
as fo
r tw
o re
ason
s. T
he
first
is th
e pr
esen
ce o
f lar
ge q
uant
itie
s of c
arbo
n di
oxid
e in
add
itio
n to
met
hane
. W
hat i
s the
oth
er?
A p
rope
rly
oper
atin
g an
aero
bic
dige
ster
shou
ld p
rodu
ce a
gas
mix
ture
that
is:
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
82
Qui
z Re
view
Anae
robi
c Dig
estio
n O
pera
tion
Raw
Slu
dge
Aci
d Fo
rmer
s
Org
anic
A
cids
CO2,
H2O
Met
hane
Fo
rmer
sM
etha
neCO
2, H
2O
83
Anae
robi
c Dig
este
r Ope
ratio
nPu
mp
as th
ick
as s
ludg
e to
dig
este
r as p
ossi
ble
pg
gTh
in s
ludg
e is
< 3
.5%
solid
sg
35
Exce
ss w
ater
cau
ses
Add
itio
nal h
eati
ng c
apac
ity
to m
aint
ain
tem
pera
ture
gp
yRe
duct
ion
in re
tent
ion
tim
esRe
duce
s buf
feri
ng c
apac
ity
by fo
rcin
g ou
t sup
erna
tant
gp
yy
Incr
ease
d de
cant
freq
uenc
y
Slud
ge c
once
ntra
tion
s gre
ater
than
10%
don
’t di
gest
wel
l
84
Anae
robi
c Dig
este
r Ope
ratio
nA
ir en
teri
ng ta
nk c
reat
es e
xplo
sive
gas
mix
ture
gp
Adj
ust s
ludg
e w
ithd
raw
al ra
te to
jg
Mai
ntai
n po
sitiv
e pr
essu
re in
dig
este
rp
pPr
even
t vac
uum
form
atio
n
Mon
itor V
olat
ile A
cid
to A
lkal
init
y Ra
tio
Gen
eral
lyyyle
ss th
an 0
.1yy
Vola
tile
aci
ds le
ss th
an 5
00 m
g/L
5g/
Prob
lem
whe
n ra
tio
gets
to 0
.5g
5pH
sho
uld
be n
ear 7
.0 o
r a li
ttle
hig
her
85
Anae
robi
c Dig
este
r Ope
ratio
nLo
adin
g ra
te o
f 0.15
5 5––
0.35
lb V
SS p
er c
ubic
foot
OR
150 0 0
–g
5535
p–
300
lbs o
f VSS
per
day
per
1,00
0 cu
bic
feet
Prim
ary
and
seco
ndar
y di
gest
ers o
ften
use
dy
yg
Prim
ary
dige
ster
rece
ives
raw
slu
dge
yg
Seco
ndar
y di
gest
ery
gD
iges
ts a
t a sl
ower
rate
gSe
ttle
s dig
este
d sl
udge
gg
Prov
ides
see
d sl
udge
for P
rim
ary
whe
n ne
eded
86
Ope
ratin
g Pa
ram
eter
Che
at S
heet
Para
met
erU
nits
Targ
etTe
mpe
ratu
reD
egre
es F
90 –
100
Vola
tile
Aci
dsm
g/L
50–
330
Alk
alin
ity
Mg/
L as
C
aCO
315
00 –
5000
VA/A
lkRa
tio
none
0.1 –
0.2
pHS.
U.
6.8
–7.
2G
as P
rodu
ctio
ncf
d12
–16
cf/
lb V
S de
stro
yed
87M
onit
or s
ome
para
met
ers
DA
ILY!
Com
mon
Ope
ratio
nal P
robl
ems
Sour
ing
of D
iges
ter
gg
Aci
d fo
rmer
s oututut
-tt-pa
ce m
etha
ne fo
rmer
spp
Neu
tral
ize
with
1 lb
lim
e pe
r 1,0
00 g
allo
ns s
ludg
ep
Jar t
est f
or a
ccur
ate
dosi
ngJJ
Foam
ingg
Oft
en c
ause
d by
ove
r fee
ding
yg
Met
hane
form
ers g
row
rapi
dly
gp
yRe
duce
feed
ing
and
mix
gen
tly to
Redu
ce fe
edi
R rele
ase
gas
88By
And
ré K
arw
ath
aka
Aka
(Ow
n w
ork)
[CC
BY-
SA 2
.5 (h
ttp:
//cr
eati
veco
mm
ons.
org/
licen
ses/
by-s
a/2.
5)],
via
Wik
imed
ia C
omm
ons
Cont
rol S
trat
egy
IMM
EDIA
TELY
sto
p fe
edin
g se
cond
ary
dige
ster
pSt
op o
r red
uce
solid
s fee
dp
Det
erm
ine
the
caus
e of
the
imba
lanc
eC
orre
ct th
e ca
use
Prov
ide
pH c
ontr
ol u
ntil
bala
nce
retu
rns
89
Adva
ntag
es o
f An
aero
bic D
iges
tion
Bett
er V
S Re
duct
ion
than
Aer
obic
Dig
estio
nRe
duce
s Tot
al S
olid
s Mas
sG
ood
Path
ogen
Dea
ctiv
atio
ng
Low
Net
Ene
rgy
Requ
irem
ents
gyq
Dec
reas
es S
ludg
e Vo
lum
eg
Less
Slu
dge
Stor
age
Requ
ired
gg
qLo
wer
Ann
ual O
pera
ting
Cos
tsp
gPo
tent
ial M
etha
ne G
as U
tiliz
atio
n
90
Anae
robi
c Dig
estio
n Di
sadv
anta
ges
Hig
h In
itia
l Cap
ital
Cos
tsg
pH
igh
Ope
rato
r Att
enti
ong
May
pg yy
Expe
rien
ce F
oam
ing
yyp
Gri
t Rem
oval
Su
pern
atan
t Can
Hav
e Si
gnifi
cant
Supe
rnat
ant C
an H
ave
Sig
S Am
mon
ia R
ecyc
le L
oad
yH
igh
Cle
anin
g C
ost
gSt
ruvi
teg
eePo
tent
ial
91
Proc
ess C
ontr
ol C
alcu
latio
nsVo
lati
le A
cids
to A
lkal
init
y Ra
tio
Volu
me
of a
dig
este
rg
Org
anic
Loa
ding
gg
Poun
ds to
tal s
olid
sPo
unds
tota
l vol
atile
sol
ids
Org
anic
Loa
ding
Rat
e in
n lb
sbsbbb/s//cffcfc
*dg
gSo
lids R
eten
tion
Tim
eLi
me
addi
tion
n n––
1 pou
nd p
er 1,
000
gallo
ns
92
93
Whi
ch o
rgan
ism
s are
typi
cally
mor
e se
nsit
ive
to to
xic
mat
eria
ls o
r cha
nges
in
tem
pera
ture
?
How
hig
h ca
n th
e vo
lati
le a
cids
go
befo
re it
is a
pro
blem
?
From
an
oper
atio
nal p
ersp
ectiv
e, w
hat i
s the
mos
t im
port
ant o
pera
ting
pa
ram
eter
for a
n an
aero
bic
dige
ster
–m
onito
r dai
ly?
If a
dig
este
r beg
ins t
o so
ur, w
hat c
an b
e do
ne to
pre
vent
furt
her
dete
rior
atio
n?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
94
Qui
z Re
view
Case
Stu
dy O
neC
ase
stud
y ta
kes p
lace
ove
r tw
o ti
me
peri
ods
yp
pYO
U w
ill e
valu
ate
the
data
and
sug
gest
act
ions
Begi
n w
ith
data
g Cal
cula
te m
issi
ng V
/A d
ata
gC
alcu
late
org
anic
load
ing
rate
dat
ag
Cha
rt tr
ends
Eval
uate
resu
lts
95
Case
Stu
dy O
ne P
art 1
Dat
eVA
, m
g/L
Alk
alin
ity,
m
g/L
V/A
Rat
ioSl
udge
ad
ded,
gp
d
Tota
l So
lids
, %
Vola
tile
So
lids
, %
pHO
LR,
lbs/
cf/d
9/22
125
2450
0.05
110
,700
5.3
657.
00.
153
9/25
11524
000.
048
10,2
505.
269
6.9
0.15
3
9/29
120
2400
0.05
010
,000
5.9
766.
90.
186
10/2
180
2300
0.07
89,
800
6.6
797.
00.
212
10/5
450
2250
0.20
010
,200
6.3
767.
00.
203
10/7
620
2200
0.28
110
,400
6.2
746.
90.
198
96
•Th
e di
gest
er h
olds
150,
000
gallo
ns•
The
V/A
rati
o is
typi
cally
clo
se to
0.0
5•
Dig
este
r tem
p is
unc
hang
ed a
t 94
o F•
Alk
alin
ity
in s
econ
dary
dig
este
r is a
bit
high
er th
an p
rim
ary
dige
ster
Sour
ce: W
PCF
Was
tew
ater
Tre
atm
ent S
kill
Trai
ning
Pac
kage
, 198
1
Conc
lusio
ns fo
r Par
t 1V
/A in
crea
sed
to 0
.28
beca
use
ofSm
all d
ecre
ase
in a
lkal
init
yyBi
g in
crea
se in
vol
atile
fatt
y ac
ids
gy
The
real
pro
blem
is th
e vo
lati
le c
ompo
nent
of t
he fe
ed
Whe
re is
it c
omin
g fr
om?
gPr
imar
y sl
udge
yg
Seco
ndar
y sl
udge
97
Ope
rato
r Inv
estig
ates
Frui
t can
nery
on
far e
dge
of to
wn
yg
Out
put w
as in
crea
sed
over
last
2 w
eeks
Sour
ce is
the
PRIM
ARY
slu
dge!
98
Cour
se o
f Act
ion?
Wha
t was
/is t
he ro
ot c
ause
?
How
can
we
corr
ect t
he p
robl
em?
99
Ope
rato
r dec
ides
to s
tore
exc
ess s
ludg
e in
a la
goon
an
d de
crea
se o
rgan
ic lo
adin
g ra
te to
the
dige
ster
to
0.15
lbs/
cf/d
. W
hat i
f I d
idn’
t hav
e a
lago
on fo
r st
orag
e?
Case
Stu
dy O
ne P
art 2
Dat
eVA
, m
g/L
Alk
alin
ity,
m
g/L
V/A
Rat
ioSl
udge
ad
ded,
gp
d
Tota
l So
lids
, %
Vola
tile
So
lids
, %
pHO
LR,
lbs/
cf/d
10/2
180
2300
0.07
89,
800
6.6
797.
00.
212
10/5
450
2250
0.20
010
,200
6.3
767.
00.
203
10/7
620
2200
0.28
110
,400
6.2
746.
90.
198
10/9
750
2350
0.32
8,70
05.
968
6.9
0.14
5
10/1
167
024
000.
288,
800
5.7
677.
00.
139
10/1
468
023
500.
2910
,100
5.7
657.
00.
156
10/1
664
024
500.
269,
500
5.5
676.
90.
146
10/1
949
024
500.
209,
400
5.4
666.
90.
139
10/2
128
023
500.
129,
800
5.5
666.
90.
148
10/2
314
023
500.
0610
,300
5.2
687.
00.
151
10/2
812
024
000.
0510
,500
5.5
676.
90.
161
11/9
120
2450
0.05
10,7
005.
466
7.0
0.15
910
0So
urce
: WPC
FW
aste
wat
er T
reat
men
t Ski
ll Tr
aini
ng P
acka
ge, 1
981
Conc
lusio
ns fo
r Par
t 2W
hat d
idn’
t cha
nge?
Feed
rate
pHppW
hat o
ther
cor
rect
ive
acti
ons w
ere
take
n?W
hat e
lse
coul
d ha
ve b
een
done
?
Take
hom
e: I
t is p
ossi
ble
to c
orre
ct o
rgan
ic o
verl
oads
Ta
ke h
ome:
It i
s pos
sibl
e to
cor
rect
org
anic
ove
T wit
hout
dig
este
r fai
lure
or c
hem
ical
add
itio
n.
101
Anae
robi
c Dig
estio
n O
pera
tion
Raw
Slu
dge
Aci
d Fo
rmer
s
Org
anic
A
cids
CO2,
H2O
Met
hane
Fo
rmer
sM
etha
neCO
2, H
2O
102
Case
Stu
dy T
wo
Part
1D
ate
VA,
mg/
LA
lkal
init
y,
mg/
LV
/A R
atio
Slud
ge
adde
d,
gpd
Tota
l So
lids
, %
Vola
tile
So
lids
, %
pHO
LR,
lbs/
cf/d
3/2
232
2350
9,85
05.
365
6.9
3/3
240
2400
10,10
05.
564
7.0
3/4
243
2370
9,78
05.
466
7.0
3/5
350
2350
10,15
05.
167
6.9
3/6
580
2330
10,2
705.
463
7.0
103
•Th
e di
gest
er h
olds
150,
000
gallo
ns•
The
V/A
rati
o is
typi
cally
clo
se to
0.10
•D
iges
ter t
emp
is u
ncha
nged
at 9
4 o F
•V
/A ra
tio
in se
cond
ary
slud
ge m
easu
red
on 3
/6 w
as 0
.12
Sour
ce: W
PCF
Was
tew
ater
Tre
atm
ent S
kill
Trai
ning
Pac
kage
, 198
1
Case
Stu
dy T
wo
–Pa
rt 1
Num
bers
look
oka
yyVo
lati
le a
cids
sti
ll ri
singg
Wha
teve
r is w
rong
is n
ot a
ffect
ing
seco
ndar
y di
gest
er
Som
ethi
ng in
the
feed
?
Wha
t can
we
chec
k?
104
Anae
robi
c Dig
estio
n O
pera
tion
Raw
Slu
dge
Aci
d Fo
rmer
s
Org
anic
A
cids
CO2,
H2O
Met
hane
Fo
rmer
sM
etha
neCO
2, H
2O
105
Case
Stu
dy T
wo
–Pa
rt 1
Ope
rato
r dec
ides
to:
p Che
ck te
mpe
ratu
re a
nd m
ixin
gp
gRe
cycl
e so
me
slud
ge fr
om th
e se
cond
ary
dige
ster
yg
yg
Cal
cula
te li
me
requ
irem
ent j
ust i
n ca
se it
is n
eede
d
106
Case
Stu
dy T
wo
Part
2D
ate
VA,
mg/
LA
lkal
init
y,
mg/
LV
/A R
atio
Slud
ge
adde
d,
gpd
Tota
l So
lids
, %
Vola
tile
So
lids
, %
pHO
LR,
lbs/
cf/d
3/2
232
2350
0.10
9,85
05.
365
6.9
0.14
1
3/3
240
2400
0.10
10,10
05.
564
7.0
0.14
8
3/4
243
2370
0.10
9,78
05.
466
7.0
0.14
5
3/5
350
2350
0.16
10,15
05.
167
6.9
0.14
4
3/6
580
2330
0.25
10,2
705.
463
7.0
0.14
5
3/7
845
2130
0.40
10,8
605.
365
6.9
0.15
6
3/8
1110
2090
0.53
5,62
05.
564
7.0
0.08
2
3/9
1210
2480
0.49
4,71
05.
964
6.9
0.07
4
3/10
1530
2220
0.69
4,93
05.
767
6.5
0.07
8
3/11
1585
2130
0.74
5,27
05.
667
6.6
0.08
2
3/12
1580
2500
0.63
5,01
05.
567
6.5
0.07
7
3/13
1590
2600
0.61
5,32
05.
366
6.5
0.07
710
7So
urce
: WPC
FW
aste
wat
er T
reat
men
t Ski
ll Tr
aini
ng P
acka
ge, 1
981
Flam
e is
bur
ning
yel
low
inst
ead
of b
lue.
108
Wha
t doe
s it
mea
n th
at th
e fl
ame
wen
t out
?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
Lab
Resu
lts?
Fina
lly, t
he la
b re
sults
are
bac
k fr
om th
e 55th
ySh
ow e
leva
ted
leve
ls o
f chr
omiu
m
Wha
t hap
pene
d?
Wha
t sho
uld
happ
en n
ext?
109
110
Wha
t sho
uld
happ
en n
ext?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
111
Qui
z Re
view
112
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
One
mor
e sl
ide.
Be
sure
to
wat
ch a
ll th
e w
ay to
the
end
for c
redi
t.
