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Transcript of Cleaner Production M.S.F.ZAHRA. Dump Dispose Disperse PC (Treatment) Recycling Cleaner Production...
Cleaner Production
M.S.F.ZAHRA
DumpDisposeDisperse
PC(Treatment)
Recycling
Cleaner
ProductionPollution Prevention
Source Reduc.
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
History of Responses to PollutionSustainable
Development
Ignore the Problem
“Dilution is the Solution to Pollution”
Strict Environmental Laws / Regulations
Sustainable Consumption & Production
Man at peace with Environment
Treatment Costs Very High
High Cost of Raw Material
Scarcity of RM
Industrial Revolution
Where it All Begins• Concerns about the environment and
development are not new • Strategies needed to address the inter-related
challenges of building healthy societies, economies, and environments
• Post- World War II• Many people consider 1962 as the seminal
year in which people began to understand how closely linked the environment and development truly are
The 50’s and 60’s(A Period of Awakening)
• London Smog • Minamata Disease and other Health issues • Silent Spring by Rachel Carson• Population Bomb by John Erlich
The Great London Smog(1952)
Industrial revolution of the 19th century in Britain’s major cities gave a dramatic increase in air pollution.
Minnamata Disease
As of March 2001, 2,265 victims had been officially recognized (1,784 deaths)
• Neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning.
• First discovered in Minamata bay in Japan in 1956.
• It was caused by the release of methyl mercury in the industrial wastewater from nearby chemical factory (from 1932 to 1968).
Author of Silent Spring, Rachel Louise Carson was a writer, scientist, and ecologist
Wrote the book calling for an end to indiscriminate pesticide use.
Emphasized the importance of changing how we interact and perceive nature.
Other Books by her: Under the Sea-Wind (1941), The Sea Around Us (1952), The Edge of the Sea (1955).
Silent Spring (1962)
The Population Bomb (1968)
Best Selling Book written by Paul R. Ehrlich.
The book showed the link between population, resource exploitation and the impact on environment.
It predicted disaster for humanity due to overpopulation and the "population explosion".
"in the 1970s and 1980s hundreds of millions of people will starve to death“
Went on to say that nothing can be done to avoid mass famine greater than any in the history, and radical action is needed to limit the overpopulation.
The 70’s(Reaction)
• Starting of USEPA• World Summit on Environment &
Development (Stockholm, Sweden)• Starting of UNEP• Publication of “Limits to Growth”
US Environmental Protection Agency (1970)
• Established as a result of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) passing in July 1969
• In July of 1970, the White House and Congress worked together to establish the EPA in response to the growing public demand for cleaner water, air and land.
• Assigned the task of repairing the damage already done to the natural environment and to establish new criteria for a “cleaner environment”.
First Earth Day(April 22nd 1970)
Earth has its first official
birthday
Green Peace Movement(1971)
• Radical Environmentalist Organization initiated in Canada
• Launched an aggressive agenda to stop environmental damage through civil protests and non-violent interference.
Other Such organizations include Earth First and Friends of the Earth
United Nations Conference on Human Environment
Stockholm (1972)
• 1968 - The UN General Assembly authorizes the Human Environment Conference to be held in 1972.
• Focuses on regional pollution and acid rain problems of northern Europe and the first international recognition of environmental issues
• The concept of sustainable development discussed as a resolution to the “environmental vs. development” dilemma.
• Leads to the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
First E
arth Summit
United Nations Environment Programme(1972)
UNEP established after UN Conference on the Human Environment
UNEP is an advocate, educator, catalyst and facilitator, promoting the wise use of the planet’s natural assets for sustainable development.
Policy Development and ImplementationTechnology, Industry and EconomicsRegional CooperationEnvironmental Conventions
www.unep.org
Areas of Work
• Freshwater• Gender• Governance & Law• Land Marine & Coasts• Ozone• Poverty • Sanitation• Sports• Sustainable Consumption• Technology• Tourism• Urban Issues• Waste Management
• Agriculture• Air Quality Assessments• Biodiversity• Bio safety• Business & Industry• Chemicals• Civil Society• Climate Change• Conflict & Disasters• Economics & Trade• Education & Training• Energy
1985: Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer1987: Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer1988: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) established to assess information related to human-induced climate change1989: Basel Convention on the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes
2000: Millennium Declaration: environmental sustainability listed as one of eight Millennium Development Goals2001: Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)2002: World Summit on Sustainable Development reaffirms UNEP’s central role in international efforts to achieve sustainable development2005 World Summit emphasizes key role of environment in sustainable development
Environmental Conventions
Limits to Growth (1972)
Jorgen Randers, Jay Forrester, Donella Meadows, Dennis Meadows, and William W. Behrens III in 1972
The 80’s(Action)
• World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)
• Brundtland Report – “Our Common Future”• The coining of Word “Sustainable Development”• Vienna Convention/Montreal protocol• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change• Basel Convention
World Commission on Environment and Development (1983)
• Convened to investigate on Development and Environmental Issues. (lead by Gro Harlem Brundtland)
• Focused on "the accelerating deterioration of the human environment and natural resources and the consequences of that deterioration for economic and social development."
• The Commission, is best known for developing the concept of sustainable development
• Published its report “Our Common Future” in April 1987.
Our Common Future(1987)
• The report from the UN World Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland Commission) and was published in 1987.
Gro Harlem Brundtland – Former Prime Minister of Norway and Chair of the World Commission
Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987)
• International treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a number of substances causing/leading to ozone depletion (CFCs).
• Opened for signature on September 16, 1987 and entered into force on January 1, 1989. Has undergone five revisions
• Hailed as an example of exceptional international cooperation
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(1988)
• Established by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to overcome the problem of potential global climate change.
• The role of the IPCC is to assess technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the risk of human-induced climate change
Five shipments of toxic and radioactive waste that were illegally imported into Nigeria by an Italian national. Within several
months, an additional 2100 tons of Italian waste carried aboard a German ship was dumped in Nigeria.
15,000 tons of municipal fly ash, contaminated with dioxins, heavy metals and other chemicals, was shipped from
Philadelphia, USA to the Caribbean in 1996. Eventually a part of this waste is dumped in Haiti. The rest is
presumed to have been dumped into theIndian Ocean.
(Source: Illegal traffic in toxic and dangerous products and wastes, Report of the Secretary-General, United Nations General Assembly, 18 July 1989)
The Truth About Development
Basel Convention(1989)
• The most comprehensive global environmental agreement on hazardous and other wastes.
• Aimed to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects resulting from the generation, management, transboundary movements and disposal of hazardous wastes.
• Entry into force: 5 May 1992• Ratified by several member countries and the
European Union
The 90’s
• World Summit/Rio Summit• Agenda 21• Formation of WBCSD• Stockholm Convention • UN Framework Convention on Climate Change • Kyoto Protocol
Rio Summit(1992)
• United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED),
• Held in Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992 • 172 Participants, 108 heads of State or Government
Participated• Resulted in
– Agenda 21 – Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,– Statement of Forest Principles– United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Second Earth Summit
Agenda 21
Rio Declaration• Goal
Establish an equitable global partnership to work on international agreements that respect interests of all while protecting the integrity of the global environmental and developmental systems
• 27 Principles– P1: Human beings are at the centre of concerns for
sustainable development. They are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature.
P3: The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations.
World Business Council for Sustainable Development
• Founded on the eve of the Rio Earth Summit to involve business in sustainability issues and give it a voice in the forum.
• Major Focus Areas– Energy and Climate– Development– Business Role
• Lead to a book, “Changing Course: A global business perspective on development and the environment.”
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change(1994)
• International treaty to consider what can be done to reduce global warming and to cope with inevitable temperature increases.
• Signed at Rio Summit and Came into effect on 21st March 1994.
• Ratified by 191 members
Stockholm Convention(1995)
• Global treaty to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
• 12 worst offenders known as the “Dirty Dozen”, identified
• Opened for signature in May 2001 in Stockholm, Sweden. Entered into force on May 17th
• Ratified by 128 parties and 151 signatories.
Kyoto Protocol (1997)
• Amendment to the international treaty on climate change.
• Opened for signature in, 1998. Came into force on February 16, 2005.
• 169 countries have ratified.
• Countries like India and China are not required to reduce emissions though being signatories.
New Millennium
• Millennium Goals• 2002 Johannesburg Summit / RIO+10• 2005 World Summit• “Inconvenient Truth”
Millennium Development Goals
Johannesburg Summit(2002)
• Held 10 years after the Rio Earth Summit (Rio + 10)• World Summit on Sustainable Development focus the
world's attention and direct action toward meeting difficult challenges in the New Millennium– improving people's lives– conserving our natural resources
• Represented by all major groups identified in Agenda 21 Third
Earth Summit
World Summit(2005)
• A follow-up summit meeting to the United Nations’ Millennium Summit,
• Discussed progress on the Millennium Development Goals presented in Johannesburg
• 192 member states met in New York City• Billed as the "largest gathering of world
leaders in history"
Fourth Earth
Summit
“An Inconvenient Truth”• Academy Award-winning documentary
film about climate change, specifically global warming and its repercussions
• Presented by former United States Vice President Al Gore
• The third-highest-grossing documentary in the United States to date.
• A wake up call to many people around the world
“Global warming is not only the number one environmental challenge we face today, but one of the most important issues facing all of humanity ... We all have to do our
part to raise awareness about global warming and the problems we as a people face in promoting a sustainable environmental future for our planet.”
Multilateral Environmental Agreements
1992 Rio Summit highlighted and focused attention on the environment resulting in many conventions and conferences on various environmental issues
These have generated a number of multilateral environment agreements (MEAs).
MEAs require that countries develop specific implementation mechanisms and fulfill obligations involving reporting, training, public education, and other activities.
Over 200 conventions held all over the world
Sustainable Development"..development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"
(source: Our Common Future)
The definition of sustainable development was first published in the Brundtland Report (Our Common Future)Components: Environmental sustainability
Economic sustainability Social sustainability
Political Sustainability
Quality of life (Community), Employee health and Wellbeing
Short term Profitability and long Term Viability of a business
Reduction of Resource usage
Reduced impacts on Environment
Equitable development which meets the needs of the living population and the future generations in harmony with the global resource availability and nature’s
carrying capacity
Approaches for SD
• Cleaner Production• Green Productivity• P2/P3• Eco Efficiency• Global Compact
Basics ofCleaner Production
[Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP) ]
Cleaner Production is a concept developed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 1989. The key idea in Cleaner Production is that industrial processes and functions can be improved in ways that not only reduce wastage and environmental pollution but also save and/or earn money for the company through resource conservation. Moreover CP is a win-win situation under any circumstance.
The official definition given by UNEP states that Cleaner Production is…
"the continuous application of an integrated environmental strategy applied to processes, products and services to increase efficiency and reduce risks to humans and the environment"
Recognizing that resource efficiency requires Cleaner Production and vice-versa, UNIDO and UNEP have moved towards Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP)
RECP recognizes that CP methods and practices generate multiple benefits that are relevant to many of today's most pressing global challenges which include:
Mitigating GHG emissions and adapting to climate change
Responding to increasing scarcity of water, fuel and other materials
Providing decent jobs Preventing environmental degradation.
Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production, builds upon Cleaner Production in accelerating the application of preventive environmental strategies to processes, products and services to increase efficiency and minimize risks to humans and the environment. RECP addresses the three sustainability dimensions both individually and synergistically:
The official definition given by UNEP states that Cleaner Production is…
"the continuous application of an integrated environmental strategy applied to processes, products and services to increase efficiency and reduce risks to humans and the environment"
RECP recognizes that CP methods and practices generate multiple benefits that are relevant to many of today's most pressing global challenges which include:
Mitigating GHG emissions and adapting to climate change
Responding to increasing scarcity of water, fuel and other materials
Providing decent jobs Preventing environmental degradation.
CLEANER PRODUCTIONCP is…
In other words, CP is a tool to answer 3 questions:
CP is a method and tool to identify where and why a company are losing resources in the form of waste and pollution, and how these losses can be minimized.
CP assessment CP options
CP options Less waste
Less waste Improved productivity
PASSIVEIgnore pollution
REACTIVEDilution and dispersion
PROACTIVECleaner Production
Responses of businesses to pollution
CONSTRUCTIVEEnd-of-pipe treatment
1 2
43
CLEANER PRODUCTIONDefinition by UNEP
“ Cleaner Production is the continuous application of an integrated, preventive environmental strategy towards processes, products and services in order to increase overall efficiency and reduce damage and risks for humans and the environment.”
Continuous
Preventive
Integrated
ENVIRONMENTALSTRATEGY
Processes
Products
Services
RISKREDUCTION
Humans
Environment
CLEANER PRODUCTIONKey elements
Cleaner Production in 7 points:1. CP adds value to the EMS: it places emphasis on pollution prevention rather than control, with clear improvement in environmental performance.
2. CP does not deny or impede growth but insists that growth can be ecologically sustainable.
3. CP is not limited only to manufacturing industries of a certain type or size, it can be applied towards the provision of services also.
4. CP includes safety and protection of health.
5. CP emphasizes risk reduction.
6. CP improves immediate efficiency as well as long-term efficacy.
7. CP is Win-Win-Win factor: it benefits the environment, communities and businesses.
ACME - Session 2 - Basics of Cleaner Production - 6 / 21
CLEANER PRODUCTIONEconomics of Cleaner Production
ACME - Session 2 - Basics of Cleaner Production - 7 / 21
60
What is waste?
There are literally hundreds words for different types of waste:
• greenhouse loss• hidden losses• leakage• non-conforming material• overfill• packaging• process loss• rework• second quality• stock loss• washingsand etc.
• allowance• BOD• broke• contaminated solids• core loss• customer returns• damage• draining• dust• effluent• evaporation• furnace loss
CLEANER PRODUCTIONWhat are the benefits for industrials ?
Saves costs on raw material, energy and water Improves products and services Lowers risks (liability) Improves company image Improves worker’s health and safety conditions Reduces waste treatment and disposal costs Makes companies more profitable and competitive
CP Economic Benefits Milestone Catalyst Pvt. Ltd.
2.4 months> 15,000(300 X 12)3,600
Drum Labeling
> 1,00,000
2.6 months2,70,000
NilIncrement of batch sizes
58,000Realignment of ETP Stirrers
5.5 months24,00011,000Change of Condenser inlet
3 months72,00018,000Temperature Scanner
Paybackperiod
Savings, Rs.Capital Investment
Option
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Cleaner production
Considers your Technologies Employees Raw materials Processes Emissions Partners and Products
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Elements of a CP-projectData collection Mass flow Energy flow Costs and safetyReflection: Where and why do we generate waste?
Option generation
Feasibility
Implementation
Controlling, continuation, EMS
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Common waste treatment:Waste is generated!What’s that got to do with me?
Cleaner production:
Waste is generated!
Where does it come from?
Slides 1 – CP Basics
MATERIALRaw material, process material, other material
PRODUCTSPrimary and secondary
MATERIAL EMISSIONSSolid waste, gases, wastewater
OBSERVED SYSTEM
ENERGY CARRIERSFuels, e.g. gas, oil, coal
ENERGYMass free, e.g. electricity or district heating
ENERGETICEMISSIONS
Waste heat, noise
Slides 1 – CP Basics
No Waste or liquid or gaseous emissions
Annual quantity
Unit Purchasing cost Disposal cost Total cost
1 Waste water 180,000 m³ 6 10 2,880,000
2 Spent grain (wet) 5,000 t around 800 -350 -1,750,000
(2,250,000)
3 Malt dust 447 t 4,000 ? 1,788,000
4 Waste barley 220 t 4,000 ? 880,000
5 Bottoms 30 t - 250 7,500
6 Glass/broken glass 92 t 2,400 350 253,000
7 Plastic containers 18 t 10,000 2,000 216,000
8 Labels (wet) 50 t 30/1000 pcs 600 3,600,000
30,000
9 Cardboard / paper 35 t 5,000 - 175,000
10 Wood pallets 24 t 6,000 40 144,960
11 Plastic film 1.5 t 22,000 4,500 39,750
12 Industrial waste 104 t ? 800 83,200
13 D iatomaceous earth 45 t 8,000 930 401,850
14 Waste from maintenance,
greasy
200 kg ? 11 2,200
15 Contents of oil separator 3,200 kg ? 2.8 8,960
16 Waste oil 1,000 kg 50 2 52,000
17 Waste paints 50 kg 100 15 5,750
18 Fluorescent lamps 20 kg 120 12 2,640
19 Accumulators 25 kg 70 2.8 1,820
20 Waste gas, steam boiler 1,000,000 m³ - - -
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Reasons for an environmental team
Because there are many different departments/machines in a company, it is difficult to get the necessary overview and the detailed technological knowledge.
Because there are motivated and competent employees in a company.
Because as a TEAM – with a common goal – it is possible to work more efficiently than a lone ranger.
Gather people from differnet departments: production, maintenance, technology, purchasing, management, quality, accounting, research and development, environment, health and safety, legal branch, etc.
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Material flow analysis
Sankey-diagram: www.sankeyeditor.net
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Material flow analysisDetailed description of the
material and energy use
Which waste and emission streams are generated?
Which raw materials are lost? Where and why does this happen? Where are the weak points? Where are potentials for improvement? Which materials can be reused?
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Within the production process, there are many points where materials and energy are lost.
These points are also environmental and economic weak points.
A material flowanalysis identifies the points where materials are lost and their amount.
Slides 1 – CP Basics
A comparison with the best available technology shows process weaknesses.
The material flow analysis facilitates the evaluation of the "production costs" of waste and emissions.
Eco-efficiency:the best use of materials reduces emissions.
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Strategies for cleaner production
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Product change
Substitute the productIncrease the product life-timeChange the materialsChange the product designUse recycled materialsAvoid critical components
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Good housekeeping
Improve information Change dosage/concentration Increase the utilization of process capacities Check cleaning and maintenance period Foster standardization/automation Improve purchasing, storage and
distribution Carry out a material flow analysis
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Waste logistics
Separation of waste and wastewater to Set up closed cycles
Facilitate recovery and re-utilization
Minimize quantities of hazardous waste
Minimize disposal costs
Minimize cleaning expenses (wastewater, exhaust gases, etc.)
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Technological modification Substitute thermo-chemical processes by
mechanical alternatives Use countercurrent cascades instead of single-
static rinse techniques Manage separate waste and wastewater
streams Improve process conditions Foster recovery and reuse of materials Increase life time of chemicals/materials Reduce the infiltration of impurities Ensure airtight sealing of equipment
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Energy efficiencyTypical areas of improvement
Cooling/refrigerationHeatingCompressed air InsulationHeat recoverySeparation processesLighting ...
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Internal recycling
Reuse materials (solvents, etc.) Reuse materials for different purposes
(paper, solvents for lower-quality use, e.g. pre-cleaning, etc.)
Close internal loops (water) Use returnable systems (packaging
materials) Reclaim materials with high value
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Organizational changes
29%
Good housekeeping18%
Change of raw material
7%
Technological modification
22%
Others6%
Product modification5%
Waste treatment3%
External recycling6%
Internal recycling4%
ECOPROFIT Graz 2000Realized and planned options
In total 594 options, thereof:60 %; 355 = realized options 200040 %; 240 = planned options 2001
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Anodizing company Use of spray rinses Reconstruction of
water pipes Longer drag-out time Daily check Reduction in water
consumption by 46% (14,000 m³)
Slides 1 – CP Basics
0
500
1.000
1.500
l/m²
Specific water consumptionof an anodizing company
specific water consumption 1.263 1.273 919 600 392 425 400 400
1993 ´94 ´95 ´96 ´97 ´98 ´99 2000
Slides 1 – CP Basics
Car repair shop
Installation of an ultrafiltration unit Modified cleaning equipment Saving of washing agent by 76 %, of water by 80
%
Cleaner Production categoriesIMPLEMENTING CP
TECHNOLOGY
INPUT MATERIALS
OPERATION
PRODUCTS
PRODUCTION PROCESS
WASTE & EMISSIONS
Option 1: Input material substitution
TECHNOLOGY
OPERATION
PRODUCTS
PRODUCTION PROCESS
WASTES & EMISSIONS
1/ Change inputs materials, water and energy:
> Replacing toxic or harmful materials with less toxic> Use of renewable materials> Use materials with longer lifetime> Material purification
Change INPUT MATERIALS
IMPLEMENTING CP
Option 2: Technology changeIMPLEMENTING CP
TECHNOLOGY
OPERATION
PRODUCTS
PRODUCTION PROCESS
2/ Technologychange:
> Replacing > Equipment modification> Optimal process conditions> Increased automation> Improved process control> Improved equipment lay-out
Improve equipment and process control
New technology
WASTES & EMISSIONS
Change INPUT MATERIALS
Option 3: Good operation practicesIMPLEMENTING CP
TECHNOLOGY
OPERATION
PRODUCTS
PRODUCTION PROCESS
3/ Improved operationpractices:
> Production scheduling> Energy management (peak shaving)> Maintenance programmes> Working instructions and procedures> Training and incentives program> Adequate process control operations> Proper maintenance and cleaning
Improved management
WASTES & EMISSIONS
Workers skills & process control
Improve equipment and process control
Change INPUT MATERIALS
New technology
PRODUCTSmodification
Option 4: Product modificationIMPLEMENTING CP
TECHNOLOGY
OPERATION
PRODUCTION PROCESS
4/ Product modification:> Recycling friendly design> Product Life Extension> More efficient, less material intensive packaging> Reduction of harmful substances.
WASTES & EMISSIONS
Improve equipment and process control Improved
management
Workers skills & process control
Change INPUT MATERIALS
New technology
Option 5: reuse and recyclingIMPLEMENTING CP
TECHNOLOGY
OPERATION
PRODUCTION PROCESS
5/ On-site reuse and recycling:
> On site recovery and re-use of raw materials in the process, waste water, waste heat and cooling water > Transforming waste into useful by-products> Waste segregation and storage
WASTES & EMISSIONS
Improve equipment and process control Improved
management
Workers skills & process control
PRODUCTSmodification
Re-use and recycling
Change INPUT MATERIALS
New technology
INTERNAL BARRIERS> Traditional philosophy of CEOs (low awareness)> Internal organisation and communication (initial constraints)> Limited information, data and expertise on waste and emissions> Focus on end of pipe solutions and short term profits> Inadequate cost/profit calculations CP options> Missing, outdated or unreliable process instrumentation> No or limited support of middle management> No EMS to achieve continual improvement
EXTERNAL BARRIERS> Availability of investment capital > Availability of CP technologies
To be solved byan organised approach
METHODOLOGYBarriers to CP implementation
METHODOLOGYCP methodology
The recognized need for Cleaner Production
1.Planning and Organization
2.Assessment
3.Feasibility Analysis
4.Implementation
Successfully implemented Cleaner Production projects
Sustain &
Continue(EMS)
> Obtain management commitment> Organise project team> Identify barriers & solutions > Set objectives > Pre-assess
> Identify sources (WHERE)> Analyse causes (WHY)> Generate possible options (HOW)
> Evaluate options on: Technical, environmentaland economic feasibility
> Select best options
> Option implementation> Monitoring and evaluation> Sustain and continue
Continuous CP loop
3- Assessment
1- Start CP project
2- Project organization
4- CP options
5- Feasibility analysis
6- Assessment report
7- Project implementation
8- Measure progress
9- Final report
10- Top Management reviews
Reduction of material and energy use and of waste and emission generation
Time
METHODOLOGYContinuity of Cleaner Production
CP CENTERSThe global CP-network
ACME - Session 2 - Basics of Cleaner Production - 18 / 22
UNIDO / UNEP National Cleaner Production Centers (NCPC)
Other CPC and network members (not exhaustive)
CP CENTERSActivities of NCPCs
ACME - Session 2 - Basics of Cleaner Production - 19 / 21
SECTORS CONCERNEDAdvertising / Automobile manufacturing / Bakeries / Breweries / Cement production / Ceramics / Coffee sector / Chemicals / Edible oil processing / Electroplating / Fertilizers / Foundries / Hospitals / Leather processing / Meat processing / Mechanical manufacturing / Metallurgy / Mining / Municipality / Oil refineries / Pig farming / Plastics / Printing / Pulp and paper / Remanufacturing industries / Rubber processing / Steel manufacturing / Sugar sector / Telecom / Textile manufacturing and processing / Tourism
SERVICES PROVIDEDEnvironmental reporting / Impact assessment / Monitoring / Audits / EMS (ISO 14.001) /QMS (ISO 9001) / Environmental management accounting / Supply chain management / Implementation of MEAs / Financial analysis / Market analysis / CP Services Marketing / Top management trainings / Foreign investors-E-OHS-Q services / Manuals and Criteria for Deposit Bonds for Environmental projects / Eco-labeling / CSR / Solid waste management / Hazardous waste management / Integrated waste management / Materials exchange systems / Plastic waste management strategies for cities / Eco-industrial park projects / Energy efficiency / Renewable energy / Bio-fuels / Co-processing / Eco-design / National and regional CP and SCP roundtables / Industry sector reviews / Technology Transfer / Data base of CP finance sources, of CP experts, of CP cases / …
UPWARD DIFFUSION
National policiesLegislation
Action plansCP Funds
DOWNWARD DIFFUSION
Local authoritiesNGO’s
CP ClubsPartnerships
LATERAL DIFFUSIONNew Sectors
Industrial estatesBuilding design
TourismEco-towns
LATERAL DIFFUSIONNew Tools
Financial incentivesEnvironmental reporting
Eco-labelingISO 14000
Award scheme
CONCLUSIONAbout CP trends
ACME - Session 2 - Basics of Cleaner Production - 20 / 21