CLE 2nd Trimester

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    REFORMATI

    ON in the

    CHURCH

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    REFORMATION

    the action or process of reforming an institution

    or practice.

    a 16th-century movement for the reform of

    abuses in the Roman Church

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    Lesson 6:

    Reformation

    within the

    Church

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    Agencies of Reform

    The chief agencies in

    carrying out this work were:

    The papacy

    A group of religious orders,especially the Society of Jesus

    or Jesuits

    The Council of Trent

    Second Vatican Council

    Second Plenary Council of the

    Philippines PCPII

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    PERIOD OF

    RENAISSANCE

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    The Renaissance defined

    a cultural movement from the 14th -

    17th century

    " New Birth"new enthusiasm for classical

    literature, learning, and art which

    gave a new culture to Europe.

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    THE PAPACY

    Rome became the center of Renaissance art

    in the 1500s

    POPE ALEXANDER VImost notorious of the

    Renaissance popes.He spent huge sums on art patronage

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    3 masters of the renaissance

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    (2)The Society of Jesus

    The second agency of

    Catholic reform was

    religious orders, most

    notably, the Society ofJesus. The Jesuits were

    founded by St. Ignatius

    Loyola. He was a Spanish

    soldier, injured in battle,who experienced a

    conversion during his

    convalescence.

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    St. Ignatius Loyola

    As a consequence,

    he felt a new desire

    to devote his life to

    the service of Godand carried his

    military ideals with

    him. Henceforth, he

    would be a Soldierof Christ.

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    New Religious Order

    After obtaining baccalaure-

    ate and graduate degrees,

    Loyola decided to found a

    new religious order. In1540, Pope Paul III officially

    recognized the Society of

    Jesus. In addition to the

    vows of poverty, chastity,and obedience, they took

    an additional vow of special

    obedience to the pope.

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    Purposes of the Order

    The original purpose of the

    Jesuits was to reach and

    convert the masses of

    people who had strayed fromthe church. Thus preaching

    was their fundamental task.

    They also stressed the

    instruction of children inChristian doctrine and urged

    more frequent confession

    and communion.

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    Education

    In addition to being spiritual

    advisers, Jesuits devoted

    themselves to teaching,

    fighting heresy, and convertingthe heathen. The Jesuits came

    to be the most successful

    educators in the church. They

    were interested primarily inhigher education, and came to

    dominate many universities

    and seminaries.

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    (3) Council of Trent

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    THE COUNCIL OF TRENT

    Pope Paul III

    convoked the

    Council of Trent

    The Council ofTrent was the

    16th century

    council of the

    Roman Catholic

    Church.

    It convened

    in Trento, Italy

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    THE COUNCIL OF TRENT

    The council of

    Trent was

    considered to be

    one of the mostimportant

    councils in the

    Christian religion.

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    25 sessions for three per iods

    During the pontificate of Pope Paul III, the

    Council fathers met for the first eight sessions

    in Trento (154547), and for the ninth to

    eleventh sessions in Bologna (1547). Under Pope Julius III, the Council met in

    Trento (155152) for the twelfth to sixteenth

    sessions,

    and under Pope Pius IV, the seventeenth to

    twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trento

    (155963).

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    THE COUNCIL OF TRENT

    The 19th

    Ecumenical

    Council of the

    Church wassummoned for

    the purposes of

    1) reforming the

    Church, and 2)combating

    protestantism.

    f C

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    Two concerns of the Catho l ic

    Church:

    1. Self - renewalBecause of the blatant corruption by some

    hierarchy and clergy of the ChurchSelling of indulgence by the Church authority

    Scandals and corruption

    2 O i t i t th

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    2. Opposi t ion to the wrong

    teach ings or heresy o f the

    Protestants Catharis/ Albigenses: the human body is evil

    because the body traps the spirit; they reject the

    sacraments and sacramentals

    Martin Luther: by faith alone, man can be saved;there are two sacramentsbaptism and holy

    Eucharist

    Ulrich Zwingli: he held the mass as only a

    remembrance not a sacrifice John Calvin: Doctrine of Pre-destination: that before

    the foundations of the earth were laid, some were

    chosen to be saved.

    Henry VIII: annulment of marriage without the legal

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    The COUNCIL OF TRENT

    did not condemn Luther but

    countered all his teachings,

    namely: Scripture alone and grace

    alone

    Two sacraments: baptismand holy Eucharist

    The protestants receive

    holy communion with both

    bread and wine

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    Affirmed the role of

    human cooperation

    with grace for

    salvation Seven sacraments

    Approved the custom

    of giving under onespecies

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    SUMMARY:

    The third agency of Catholic

    reform was the Council of Trent

    which met over a period of

    eighteen years (between 1545-63).

    It met the challenge of theProtestant Reformation by

    clarifying doctrine and by instituting

    reforms that improved the quality

    of the clergy. It also helped thechurch to hold on to what it had

    retained, regain much of what it

    had been in danger of losing, and

    remain a powerful force in the life

    of Christendom.

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    What exact ly the Counci l of

    Tren t ach ieved?

    Seminaries were

    established to

    provide moral

    and theologicaltraining to clergy

    for pastoral work

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    What exact ly the Counci l of

    Tren t ach ieved? Reforms were

    carried out for

    clerical celibacyand chastity

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    What exact ly the Counci l of

    Tren t ach ieved?

    Residency and

    faithfulness of thebishop

    D t i l D

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    Doctrinal Decrees

    In the meetings of 1545-47, important doctrinaldecrees were passed:

    The Latin Vulgate was accepted as the official text of the

    Bible.

    The Protestant doctrine that the Bible was the sole basis forreligious authority was superseded by the doctrine that

    church tradition was equal in authority to Scriptures.

    The Protestant doctrines of justification by faith alone, the

    bondage of the will, man's utter depravity and helplessness,and the doctrine of predestination were rejected. Faith and

    good works were declared necessary for salvation.

    All seven of sacraments were declared to be true

    sacraments instituted by Christ.

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    Reform Decrees

    The council insisted on the duty of Bishops toreside in their dioceses. They must never be

    absent for more than three months, and not at all

    during advent and lent.

    Pluralism (multiple offices) was forbidden.Bishops were required to preach every Sunday

    and Holy Day, and to visit every church within

    their diocese at least once a year.

    Each bishop was to exercise careful supervision

    over his clergy, ordaining only worthy priests and

    severely disciplining those guilty of misconduct.

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    Priestly Responsibilities

    Priests also were held tothe obligation of residence

    and were required to

    preach. To improve the

    level of priestly education,the council proposed the

    establishment of a

    theological seminary in

    every diocese. Priests wereto exercise care for their

    flocks, explaining the Bible,

    the sacraments, and the

    liturgy.

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    Outcome of Decrees

    The decrees were notadopted universally,

    enthusiastically, or

    unanimously. Nevertheless,

    the work of the councileventually succeeded in

    infusing a new spirit in the

    church, which strengthened

    it immensely and made it

    capable of defense and

    further conquest.

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    Religious Revival

    In addition to theseagencies of Catholic reform,

    both positive and negative,

    there was a genuine revival

    of Catholic piety led by menand women of outstanding

    devotion and sanctity (e.g.,

    Charles Borromeo, Teresa

    of Avila, and John of the

    Cross). Throughout Catholic

    Europe, inspired by such

    leaders as these, there was

    a renewal and revival of

    Christian feeling.

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    Split Remained

    The council failed toreunite the church.

    Reconciliation with

    the Protestants

    proved impossible.

    Even after the

    abuses had been

    corrected, the splitremained.

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    A candle which

    symbolizes prayers for

    the all the victims and

    lights that representshope that after the rain

    there is a rainbow. In our

    own little way we can

    reach out our fellowcountrymen to surpass

    the trial and tragedy they

    are experiencing. God

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    The Renaissance

    Translation of the Bible to the native

    language

    Sense of nationalism

    Ecclesiastical scandals

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    People wanted to get rid of thecorruption and restore the peoples

    faith in the church

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    Martin LutherJohn CalvinHenry VIII

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    Lived from 1483 1546 inGermanyFather encouraged him tostudy lawA sudden religiousexperience inspired him tobecome a monk

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    A list of things he thought

    were wrong with the Catholic

    Church (95 Complaints)

    He criticized:

    The Power of the Pope

    The Extreme Wealth of

    the Church

    Indulgences (Catholic

    concept of Salvation)

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    Gutenbergs Printing Press made it

    possible for Luther to spread hisbeliefs

    Posted his 95 Theses on Church

    doors in GermanyGained support from people and

    criticism from Church

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    The Diet of Worms

    1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give

    up his beliefsLuther burned the order and was

    excommunicated

    Luther went into hiding where hetranslated the New Testament into

    Germanspreading his beliefs even

    further

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    Some Local German Churchesaccepted uthers ideasLutheranism was formedSupported by German Princes whoissued a formal protest against theChurch for suppressing the reformsThe reformers came to be known as[PROTEST]ants - Protestants

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    Sola Fide or faith alone.

    Sola Gratia or grace alone.

    Sola Scriptura or Scripture alone.

    1529- at the Diet of Speyer, the

    followers of Luther were first calledProtestants bec they were protesting

    against the move of Emperor Charles

    V to suppress them

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    Influenced by Martin Luther

    Created his own Protestant religion

    in Switzerland

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    Architect of International

    Protestantism

    Brought discipline, order and

    organization to Protestantism

    Rejected all sacraments

    Calvin church ran the state. They

    ruled, judged and punished

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    Calvin believed in:

    Salvation through PredestinationAt birth it is decided if you will go

    to heaven or hell

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    Foreknowledge

    God knows everything that will

    happen in your life

    Purified approach to life:

    No drinking, swearing, card

    playing, gambling etc..

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    Started in Switzerland

    Calvinists

    England = PuritansScotland = Presbyterians

    Holland = Dutch Reform

    France = Huguenots

    Germany = Reform Church

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    PuritanHugeunots

    Presbyterian

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    MARTIN LUTHER

    Martin LuthersTeaching

    Catholic ChurchTeachings

    It is not through our merit that we are

    saved but through the immeasurable

    mercy and generosity of God, who

    justifies us in spite of our sins

    Our salvation depends first, on how we

    love our neighbor. Second, if we love God,

    with all our mind, with all our heart, and

    with all our soul. These 2 commandmentscompressed into one and are inseparable.

    We have to focus on the notion that

    salvation is a gift yet we still have to do our

    part through cooperating with Gods grace

    and mercy.

    By faith alone, man can be saved. Our faith alone will not save us. We have

    to work and show effort to do our part

    through corporal and spiritual works and

    with Gods grace and mercy.

    MARTIN LUTHER

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    MARTIN LUTHER

    Martin Luthers Teaching Catholic ChurchTeachings

    Scriptures were the source of authority

    through which the Word of God reached

    the sinner.

    As to the obedience to

    the authorities of the

    Church, the teachings of

    the Church are part and

    parcel of our salvation.

    JOHN CALVIN

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    JOHN CALVINJohn Calvins Teaching Catholic Church

    Teachings

    God is Sovereign, the Absolute

    Ruler of the universe. Nothing

    happened without Gods directinvolvement. Calvin thought that

    God manipulates what man does.

    Man has no freedom. God can

    choose or condemn man.

    Our Christian faith is a free

    response. No one, not even God,

    forces us to believe.This accounts mans freedom to

    decide anything what he wants of

    himself. Modern psychology

    attests to the fact that man

    develop in stages. Even the

    chosen people had undergone

    good and evil; success and

    failure. these people sinned and

    reformed. God did not prevent

    them from what they did, even in

    worshipping other gods.

    JOHN CALVIN

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    JOHN CALVIN

    John CalvinsTeaching

    Catholic ChurchTeachings

    He developed the doctrine or

    predestination which means

    that before the foundations ofthe earth were laid, some were

    chosen to be saved.

    Never had God predestined

    human persons to salvation or

    perdition. God gave the humanperson the power to govern

    himself and the world he lives

    in.

    HENRY VIII

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    HENRY VIII

    Errors of Henry Catholic ChurchTeachings

    He wanted annulment of marriage

    due to inability of his wife, Catherine

    of Aragon, to beget a male to the

    throne.

    Annulment of marriage without the

    legal and canonical approval is

    against the teachings of the church.

    According to church teachings, theintimate union of marriage as a

    mutual gift of two persons, and the

    good of children, demands total

    fidelity from the spouses and

    requires an unbreakable unity

    between them. GS 48

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    VATICAN I

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    VATICAN I

    The First VaticanCouncil was convoked

    by Pope Pius IX on 29

    June 1868, after aperiod of planning and

    preparation that

    began on 6 December

    1864

    VAT I

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    VAT. I twentieth ecumenicalcouncil of the Catholic

    Church, held threecenturies after the

    Council of Trent,

    opened on 8 December

    1869 and adjourned on20 October 1870.

    Its best-known decision

    is its definition

    of papal

    infallibility.

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    Th S d V ti C il

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    The Second Vatican Council

    (Latin: Concilium Oecumenicum VaticanumSecundum or informally known as Vatican II)

    addressed relations between the Roman Catholic

    Church and the modern era. It was the twenty-first Ecumenical Council of the

    Catholic Church and the second to be held at

    Saint Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.

    The council, through the Holy See, formallyopened under the pontificate of Pope John XXIII

    on 11 October 1962 and closed under Pope Paul

    VI on the Feast of the Immaculate Conception in

    1965.

    VATICAN II

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    VATICAN II

    Date 19621965

    Convoked by John XXIII

    Presided by John XXIII

    Paul VI

    Attendance up to 2625

    VAT II

    http://www.ask.com/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII?qsrc=3044
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    VAT. II

    Topics of

    discussion

    The Church in itself, its

    sole salvific role as the

    one, true Christian faith,

    also in relation toecumenismamong

    other religions, in

    relation to the modern

    world, renewal ofconsecrated life,

    liturgical disciplines,

    etc.

    VAT II

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    VAT. II

    Documents and

    statements

    Fou r Const i tu t ions:Dei Verbum(Dogmatic Constitution

    on Divine Revelation)Lum en Gent ium(Dogmatic

    Constitution on the Church)Gaudium et Spes(Pastoral

    Constitution on the Church in the

    Modern World)Sacrosanctum

    Conci l ium(Constitution on the Sacred

    Liturgy)

    Nine Decrees:

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    Nine Decrees:

    Ad Gentes(Decree on the Church's

    Missionary Activity)

    Optatam Totius(Decree on the Training ofPriests)

    Orientalium Ecclesiarum(Decree on the

    Catholic Oriental Churches)

    Perfectae Caritatis(Decree on the Up-to-date

    Renewal of Religious Life)

    Presbyterorum Ordinis(Decree on the Life and

    Ministry of Priests)

    Three Declarations:

    http://www.ask.com/wiki/Ad_Gentes?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Optatam_Totius?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Orientalium_Ecclesiarum?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Perfectae_Caritatis?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Presbyterorum_Ordinis?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Presbyterorum_Ordinis?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Presbyterorum_Ordinis?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Presbyterorum_Ordinis?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Perfectae_Caritatis?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Perfectae_Caritatis?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Perfectae_Caritatis?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Orientalium_Ecclesiarum?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Orientalium_Ecclesiarum?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Orientalium_Ecclesiarum?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Optatam_Totius?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Optatam_Totius?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Optatam_Totius?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Ad_Gentes?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Ad_Gentes?qsrc=3044
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    Three Declarations:

    Dignitatis Humanae(Declaration onReligious Liberty)

    Gravissimum Educationis(Declaration on

    Christian Education)

    Nostra Aetate(Declaration on the

    Church's Relations with Non-Christian

    Religions)

    First seven ecumenical council

    http://www.ask.com/wiki/Dignitatis_Humanae?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Gravissimum_Educationis?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Nostra_Aetate?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Nostra_Aetate?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Gravissimum_Educationis?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Dignitatis_Humanae?qsrc=3044
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    First seven ecumenical council

    1) First Council of Nicaea (325)

    2) First Council of Constantinople (381)

    3) Council of Ephesus (431)

    4) Council of Chalcedon (451)

    5) Second Council of

    Constantinople (553)

    6) Third Council of Constantinople (680

    681)

    7) Second Council of Nicaea (787)

    19 Council of Trent

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    19. Council of Trent

    (15451563, with interruptions) addressedchurch reform and repudiated Protestantism,

    defined the role and canon of Scripture and

    the seven sacraments, and strengthenedclerical discipline and education.

    20 First Council of the Vatican

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    20. First Council of the Vatican

    (1870) defined pope's primacy in churchgovernance and his infallibility, repudiated

    rationalism, materialism and atheism,

    addressed revelation, interpretation ofscripture and the relationship of faith and

    reason.

    21. Second Council of the

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    Vatican

    (19621965) addressed pastoral anddisciplinary issues dealing with the Church and

    its relation to the modern world, including

    liturgy and ecumenism.

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    Dominant Image of the Churchb f V ti II

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    before Vatican IIA Church that is massive, highly institutionalized

    and impersonal. A church where members live inanonymity and do not feel a sense of belonging.

    A Church that is identified exclusively with the

    hierarchy and that ignores the laity.A Church that is exclusively liturgical and

    sacramental, a Church that is not concerned aboutthe situation of poverty, injustice, violence and the

    destruction of the environment.A Church that is associated with the rich and

    powerful, where the poor are marginalized.

    V ti II Vi i f R d Ch h

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    Vatican II Vision of a Renewed Church

    The Call for Church Renewal

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    The Call for Church Renewal

    John XXIII convenedVatican II to renew the

    Church -- for

    aggiornamento It was a council of the

    Church on the Church

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    Ecclesiological Themes in Vatican II

    Communion

    People of God participating in the

    mission of Christ as Priest, Prophet

    & King

    (Hierarchical Leadership at theservice of the People of God)

    Vatican II Vision of a Renewed Church

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    Prophetic

    (witnessing)

    Kingly

    (servant)

    Priestly

    (worshipping)

    Paradigm Shift in Vatican II

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    Paradigm Shift in Vatican II

    From a highly institutionalized model toa more communitarian model

    From a highly clericalized model to a

    greater emphasis on the activeparticipation of the lay-faithful in the lifeand mission of the Church

    From a narrow spiritualistic/culticoutlook to a holistic perspective whichencourages involvement in the

    temporal/social order

    Thus, the dominant institutional/sacramental

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    model has been replaced by a more holisticvision of the Church.

    The Church is not just an institution, it is also acommunity whose members are in communionwith God and with one another.

    It is not just a worshipping community, it is also aprophetic and servant community.

    Its mission is not only spiritual, it is also temporal.

    The Church is not only concerned about heaven,

    it is also concerned about the earth and all itsproblems.

    Thrust of Vatican II Ecclesiology:

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    Renewed Church

    A communitarian vision of the Church

    A holistic vision of the Churchpeople of God

    that is prophetic, priestly, kingly (servant).

    Concern for the temporal order (economic,political, cultural)for justice & peace

    Lay Participation in the Churchs life & mission

    Renewal of the Clergya more holisticunderstanding of ministry

    Post-Conciliar Reception and

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    Implementation

    From 1965 up to the present -- reception andimplementation of the councils decree and

    spirit after the council

    The task of renewing the Church now falls onthe local Churches

    s v s on o eChurch

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    Church

    Community

    Witnessing Worshipping

    Serving

    PCP II Vision of the Church

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    PCP II Vision of the Church

    The PCP II has adopted the image of the earlyChurch in Acts and the ecclesiology of Vatican

    II as its basis for its vision of a renewed

    Church:

    Community of Disciples

    living in Communion

    participating in the mission of Christ aspriestly, prophetic & kingly people

    and as the Church of the Poor

    PCP II Vision of the Church

    Community of Disciples

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    Prophetic

    (witnessing)

    Kingly

    (servant)

    Priestly

    (worshipping)

    Community of Disciples

    BECs as Expression of the PCP II

    Vi i f R d Ch h

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    Vision of a Renewed Church

    Our vision of the Church ascommunion, participation and

    mission, about the Church as priestly,

    prophetic, & kingly people, and as a

    Church of the Poor- a church that is

    renewed - is today finding expression

    in one ecclesial movement. This is

    the movement to foster Basic

    Ecclesial Communities. par 137

    PCP II Vision of BECs:

    Community of Disciples

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    Prophetic

    (witnessing)

    Kingly

    (servant)

    Priestly

    (worshipping)

    Community of Disciples

    Description: PCP II

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    p

    They are small communities of Christian, usuallyof families who gather around the Word of God &the Eucharist.

    These communities are united to their pastors but

    are ministered to regularly by lay leaders. Themembers know each other by name & share notonly the Word of God & the Eucharist but alsotheir concerns both material & spiritual

    They have a strong sense of belongingness &responsibility for one another (par 138)

    Usually emerging from the grassroots among poor

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    y g g g g p

    farmers & workers,

    BECs consciously strive to integrate their faith &their daily life.

    They are guided & encouraged by regular

    catechesis.Poverty & their faith urge their members towards

    solidarity with one another,

    action for justice& towards a vibrant celebration of life in the liturgy.

    (par 139)

    Characteristics of BECs

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    1. Small communities whose members are unitedto one another and their pastors (koinonia)

    2. They share the word of God and are guided byregular catechesis (kerygma)propheticcommunity

    3. They gather around the Eucharist and have avibrant celebration of life in the liturgy (leitorgia)priestly community

    4. They share their material concerns & get

    involved in action for justice & peace and socialtransformation. (diakonia)kingly/servantcommunity

    5.

    They emerge among the poor & empower the

    BECs: Terminology

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    BECs: Terminology

    BECs - generic term for small faith-

    communities emerging at the

    grassroots (BCCs, SCCs, GKKs,

    GSK, MSKs, KrisKa, Damayan &

    other local names)

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    Communities

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    They are communities, not

    organizations, prayer groups,societies or associations. They arenot specialized groups but stable

    environment. The members often livein close proximity and interact with

    each other regularly.

    (family/neighborhood groupings of 8-12members are part of the communitybut they cannot be equated to the

    communit

    Basic Communities

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    Basic Communities

    They are basic communities,

    because of their size, the quality of

    relationship among the membersand their social location (base,

    grassroots)

    Ecclesial

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    They are referred to as ecclesialbecause they are considered as away of being Church.

    They are the church at themicrocosm, the church at thegrassrootsin the neighborhood &

    the village.

    BECs a Way of Being Church

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    BECs a Way of Being Church

    Through the BECs, the Church is trulyexperienced as a community of disciples.

    The lay faithful experience communion.

    The lay faithful live out their vocation aspeople of God that participates in Christsprophetic, priestly and kingly mission

    The church becomes truly the Church of the

    Poor

    The Church as Communion

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    The Church as Communion

    The image of Church as communionemphasizes the communitarian and

    interpersonal dimension of the Church.

    Ecclesial communion can be lived out in

    various levels:

    Universal (communion of local Churches)

    Local (communion of dioceses/parishes)

    Parish (communion of BECs)

    BEC (communion of individual members, cells and

    families)

    BECs as Expression of

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    Communion

    According to John Paul II, the BECs can be trueexpression of communion and a means towardsconstruction of a more profound communion.

    In the BECs the members have a strong senseof belonging & responsibility for one another.

    The members experience the bond of unitywhich is based on shared faith, celebrated in the

    breaking of the bread, concretely expressed inthe sharing of material goods.

    Living in Communion as BECs

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    Living in Communion as BECs

    A new way of being Church means looking atthe parish as network of BECsa communion

    of communions.

    The members of BECs experience communion

    among themselves, while each BEC is linked to

    other BECS.

    Although ministered by lay leaders, the BECs

    maintain a bond of communion with theirpastorsthe parish priests & the bishop.

    Church as People of God:Prophetic Priestly & Kingly

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    Prophetic, Priestly & Kingly

    Vatican II & PCP II view the Church as a peopleof God that is prophetic, priestly & kingly by

    nature and mission.

    This image of the Church asserts that all the

    baptized share in the life and mission of the

    Church.

    Thus, the laity have the right and responsibility

    to actively participate in the prophetic, priestlyand kingly mission of the Church

    Prophetic Priestly Kingly People

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    Prophetic, Priestly, Kingly People

    This provides us with a holistic view of the Church. It negates the exclusively liturgical/ sacramental

    image of the Church.

    The Church is not only a worshipping community, it

    is also a prophetic and servant community.

    This image of the Church can be experienced by

    ordinary lay people at the BECs since these are

    prophetic, priestly and servant communities.

    The Church as Prophetic People

    It h th i i f l i i th G d

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    It has the mission of proclaiming the Good news

    a mission of evangelization & catechesis.

    It is also called to be the conscience of society

    this is the mission of denouncing evil and all its

    manifestation: injustice, oppression, violence,

    the culture of death.

    It has announces the Good News of liberation &

    salvation, of life, justice & peace.

    It witnesses to the Word & calls people toconversion.

    The prophetic mission of the church can be

    exercised in the universal and local level by the

    BECs as PropheticCommunities

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    Communities It is in and through BECs that lay people can

    participate in the mission of the Church. The BECs come together to listen to the Word, to

    proclaim and give witness to it.

    They are evangelized and evangelizingcommunities, they are witnessing communities.

    BECs have the task of evangelizing & catechizing

    families, neighborhood communities and

    barangays.

    It is within the BECs that the Gospel values &

    church teachings are learned.

    BECs as PropheticCommunities

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    Communities

    BECs carry out their prophetic &

    evangelizing mission whenever they cometogether in their homes and chapels for their

    bible-service to reflect/discern on the word of

    God and their concrete situation

    The Church as Priestly

    P l

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    People

    The Church is a worshipping and celebratingcommunity.

    The priesthood of the faithful is expressed in the

    full and active participation in the liturgical and

    sacramental celebration.

    The lay-faithful can exercise their priestly mission

    not only in the parish level but also in BECs.

    BECs as Priestly Communities

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    They gather weekly in their chapel to celebrate the

    Liturgy of the Word presided by lay leaders.

    Their monthly or bi-monthly celebration of the

    Eucharist with the parish priest is festive and wellparticipated.

    They have communal liturgies or rituals for various

    occasions (birthdays planting & harvesting

    The Kingly/Servant People

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    The Church as a Kingly People is called to be a

    Servant Church. The mission of the church is not purely spiritual.

    The Church is called to be attentive to the situationof poverty, injustice, armed conflict, human rights

    violation, ecological degradation, PCP II calls for a renewed social apostolate and

    for the Church to actively participate in the work forjustice, peace, development & integrity of creation.

    The church is to be involved in socialtransformation.

    BECs as ServingCommunities

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    Communities It is in & through the BECs that lay people can

    actively participate in the process of socialtransformation.

    In response to the problem of poverty, they can

    set up socio-economic projects (IGP, livelihood,cooperatives, sustainable agriculture, etc.)

    BECs as Serving

    Communities

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    Communities

    In response to the armed conflict, they can establishpeace zones and be part of the peace movementthat pressures the government and revolutionaryforces to pursue the peace process.

    BECs as Serving Communities

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    g

    To ensure clean and honest elections, the BECs canbe mobilized to help the PPCRV or NAMFREL.

    They can help in defending the environment They can be mobilized to participate in nationwide

    prayer rallies and vigils for various causes taken upby the CBCP or the diocese

    The Church of the PoorTh t l i f th Ch h i PCP II

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    The most popular image of the Church in PCP II

    the Church of the poor

    This requires that the leaders and members of the

    Church embrace evangelical poverty, live a simple

    life-style and share their resources with the poor.

    Those who are not poor are called to make anoption for the poor, to be in solidarity with the poor

    and to defend their rights.

    The poor members are empowered & called toactively participate in the life & mission of the

    Church.

    BECs as expression of the

    Church of the Poor

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    Church of the Poor

    The BECs enable the poor to embraceevangelical poverty and to actively participate in

    the Churchs prophetic, priestly and pastoral

    mission

    The poor are not only evangelized, they also

    become evangelizers

    The poor are not just passive recipients of aid,

    they are active participants in the process ofsocial transformation.

    Conclusion

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    The BECs are indeed a new way of being Church.

    They are the most local expression of the Church. Through the BECs, the Church can truly be

    experienced as Community of Disciples, whosemembers live in communion, and participate in

    the mission of Christ as worshipping, witnessingand serving communities, and as the Church ofthe poor.

    They are indeed the concrete realization of the

    vision of a renewed Church of Vatican II and PCPII

    Awit sa GSK(Titik ug musika ni Fr. Amado L. Picardal, CSsR)

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    (Titik ug musika ni Fr. Amado L. Picardal, CSsR)

    Koro: Katilingban masaksihon, katilingban

    maampoon,Katilingbang nag-alagad, kini ang GSK (2X)

    Kita ang katilingban sa mga tinun-an ni Jesus

    nagkahiusa, nagpadayon sa misyon ni Kristo.

    Katawhang propeta, pari ug alagad

    Ang katilingban sa kabos - Simbahan sa kabos.

    Kita ang katilingban sa mga tinun-an ni Jesus

    Gihiusa, gilambigit sa atong Ginoo.

    Nag-inambitay sa Pulong ug Yukaristiya,

    ug mga kabtangan suod nga mga higala

    Koro: Katilingban masaksihon, katilingban

    maampoon,

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    maampoon,

    Katilingbang nag-alagad, kini ang GSK (2X)

    Kita ang katilingban sa mga tinun-an ni Jesus

    namati sa pulong sa atong Ginoo

    nagsaksi, nagsangyaw sa maayong balita

    sa atong kaluwasan ug sa Gingharian.

    Kita ang katilingban sa mga tinun-an ni Jesus

    nag-ampo ug nagsimba sa atong Ginoo

    andam nga mohalad sa'tong kinabuhi

    sama ni Kristo labaw n a ari koro

    Koro: Katilingban masaksihon, katilingban

    maampoon,

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    p ,

    Katilingbang nag-alagad, kini ang GSK (2X)

    Kita ang katilingban sa mga tinun-an ni Jesus

    katilingbang nag-alagad sa nanginahanglan.

    nagpatunhay sa hustisya ug sa kalinaw

    nakigbisog, nagpalambo sa Gingharian.

    Kita ang katilingban sa mga tinun-an ni Jesus

    gilangkoban sa kabos nagdapig sa kabos