Clause as Exchange

Mieke Miryanti

Mood

Residue

• Mood elements

- Subject : a part of nominal group

I, she, they, books …

- Finite : a part of verbal group

tense → is, were, has, will …

modality→ can, would, must …

The duke has given away that teapot

Subject Fn

Mood

Has the duke given that teapot away

Finite Subject

Mood

Declarative

Yes/No Interrogative

• Residue

- the remainder of the clause

- predicator, complement, adjunct

• example:

She is making a cake for her friends

Subject Fn

ResidueMood

• Predicator

- a verbal group minus finite

studying, been waiting, taken …

• example:

We are studying English now

Subject Fn Predicator

Mood Residue

• Complement

- element within the residue

• example:

The duke gave my aunt that teapot

Subjectpast

Fn

give

PredicatorComplement Complement

Mood Residue

• Adjunct (Circumstantial)- prepositional phrases- adverbial phrases

• example:

My aunt was given that teapot yesterday by the duke

Subject Fn Pred. Complement Adjunct Adjunct

Mood Residue

• Conjunctive Adjunct

- clause initial

- as (part of) the textual theme

- clause final

- between theme and rhyme

- between mood and residue

• however, for instance, anyway …

• Modal Adjunct - Mood Adjunct - Comment Adjunct probability, usuality, presumption, inclination, time, degree, and intensity

• example:

Unfortunately however he can’t usually hear clearlyon the

telephone

Comment Adjunct

Conjunctive Adjunct

S FnMood Adjunct

Pred. Adj. Adjunct

Mood Residue

• WH – interrogative- the order : Subject preceding Finite

• example:

where have all the flowers gone

who killed Cock Robin

Sub. / WH -(past)

Fn

kill

Pred. Complement

Mood Residue

• Exclamative

- what or how → nominal or adverbial

- the order: Subject preceding Finite

• example:

how neatly he spreads his claws

Adjunct / WH-

Subject(present)

FN

spread

PredicatorComplement

ResidueMood

• Imperatives

- Finite plus Subject

- have a mood tag

come into my parlour will you

Predicator Adjunct Finite Subject

Residue Mood Tag

• Polarity- positive

- negative

is that you - no

Finite Subject ComplementAdjunct

Mood Residue

it ‘s raining - yes it usually does

Sub. Fn Pred.Adjunct

Sub. Adjunct Fn

Mood Residue Mood

The End …

Thank You !!!

See You Later !!!