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1Lurgi AG Lurgiallee 5 D-60295 Frankfurt am Main Phone: +49 (0) 69 5808-0 Fax: +49 (0) 69 5808-3888E-Mail: kommunikation@lurgi.de Internet: www.lurgi.com

The marketAbout 700 refineries and about 350 gas field installations

are in operation worldwide.

Either you operate a gas field or you are using crude oil asbase energy for your plant; in each of these cases purifica-tion systems as well as sulfur recovery units are installed onthe way from the specific energy source to the products.

Decades ago one could really make a lot of profit by sellingsulfur.Having 2,100 t/d sulfur recovery facilities the plant made apure daily profit of EUR 250,000 per day only by selling theproduced sulfur. In those days sulfur was at about 150 US$/t;one could really speak about sulfur being a cash cow.

But time changed, sulfur price dropped dramatically toabout 25 30 US$/t and even less.But although the sulfur price dropped, the sulfur recoveryunits became more and more important because of verystringent environmental limitations.Environmental limitations like decrease of sulfur content inproducts like Diesel for instance increased the necessity ofcapacity increases of sulfur recovery units.

On average, new sulfur capacities of about 2,000 t/d areinstalled per year including revamps using technologies like

OxyClaus, increasing the capacities of Claus units by usingair and/or oxygen.

Investment cost

For a 100 t/d two-stage Claus unit, cost is about 9 millionEUR. Costs for the different process versions and technolo-gies are shown in the following diagram:

Claus processes

OxyClaus cost savings

Capacity100 t/d

Cost 100%

Capacity100 t/d

Cost 73%

Capacity172,8 t/d

Cost 100%

Feed

50% H 2S45% CO 2

1% CH 44% H 2O

2 Stage CLAUSAir+ Oxygen64,7 kmol/h Air

47,2 kmol/h Oxygen

2 Stage CLAUSAir+ Oxygen

64,7 kmol/h Air89,0 kmol/h Oxygen

2 StageCLAUS Air

317,8 kmol/h Air

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2Lurgi AG Lurgiallee 5 D-60295 Frankfurt am Main Phone: +49 (0) 69 5808-0 Fax: +49 (0) 69 5808-3888E-Mail: kommunikation@lurgi.de Internet: www.lurgi.com

Claus processes

We, Lurgi, are in the position to offer a wide range of owntechnologies to be able to meet the very stringent emissionregulations all over the world.

Our technology

The Claus process continues to be the most widely usedprocess worldwide for the conversion of H 2S to sulfur.The requirements to be met by Claus plants are dictated bythe operating conditions of modern, flexible refineries andnatural gas plants and increasingly stringent emission con-trol regulations.

One of the most popular emission control regulations is the

German TA Luft, asking for the following minimum requi-rements for sulfur recovery units (status 2005):

Minimum Sulfur Recovery Requirements for SRUacc. to German environmental Regulations (TA Luft)

Plant capacity t/d Sulfur S-Recovery

< 20 97%

20 up to 50 98%

> 50 99.8%

Required SRU-Concept S-Recovery

97% Claus with two catalytical stages

98% Claus with two catalytical stages plus std.SULFREEN or Claus with three catalytical stages

99.5% Claus with two catalytical stages plusHydroSULFREEN

99.9% Claus with two catalytical stages plus LTGT

Why choose Lurgi?

Experience and ReferencesLurgi is in the unique position to offer and provide sulfurrecovery facilities with sulfur recoveries ion the range of96% up to 99.9% by using own Lurgi technologies.

The performance of Lurgi Claus units equipped with theexcellent Lurgi Multi purpose Burner has been proven inmore than 150 industrial plants.

Lurgi is a world leader in the design and supply of sulfurmanagement facilities as the reference list demonstrates.

Lurgi developed the OxyClaus technology; a technologywith which one can dramatically decrease the investmentcost of Claus as well as of tail gas units.The first OxyClaus Burner was started up in 1985; it hasbeen the first Claus burner in the world, using air and oxy-gen, but not using any kind of cooling medium, e.g. like arecycle.

More than 32 Lurgi OxyClaus burners are in operationworldwide.Lurgi is one of the most experienced engineering companyof the world in the wide field of sulfur recovery facilities.

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3Lurgi AG Lurgiallee 5 D-60295 Frankfurt am Main Phone: +49 (0) 69 5808-0 Fax: +49 (0) 69 5808-3888E-Mail: kommunikation@lurgi.de Internet: www.lurgi.com

Process Highlights

Claus processes

Process Highlights Advantages Major effects

Lurgi Claus Unique burner system including ammonia / RSHdestruction by separate stoichiometric combustion

No plugging of sulfur lines due to ammonia saltformation therefore much better operability

Reduction of operating cost due to safe andefficient performance

OxyClaus Decrease of amount of process gas passing through theunit, capacity boosting of Claus and tail gas units

Processing of Claus gases with elevated hydrocarboncontents

Significant reduction in capital investment

Much better operability of the whole unit

MaxiSulf

SULFREEN

HydroSULFREEN

High variety of sub dew point processes aiming atrecovery rates of 99.0% up to 99.5%

No chemicals/solvents used

Sub dew point processes are in operationalpoint of view the continuation of the catalyticClaus process

Lower investment cost compared to tail gasunits using a solvent

LTGT(Lurgi Tail Gas Treatment)

Selective absorption of H 2S versus CO 2 using genericMDEA as solvent

Non corrosive, non degrading, non toxic performance

Highest recovery rates achievable(Claus+LTGT: 99.9+%)

Cost and energy efficient use of solvent