Claudia Parra B. Business Communication Skills School of Business Administration Pontificia...

2003

Claudia Parra B. Claudia Parra B.

Business Communication SkillsBusiness Communication Skills

School of Business Administration

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso

Business English. School of Business Administration Pntificia Universidad Catòlica de Valparaìso

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VerbsVerbs

Verbs Verbs describe actions – what has

happened, what is happening, or what will or might happen – or a condition

Transitive verbs take an object Intransitive verbs do not take an object Verbs must always agree with their subjects


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VerbsVerbs

Verbs, with the addition of auxiliary verbs, sometimes express Tense (do, did, will,) Mood Voice

Verbs can be modified (described) by adverbs


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Verbs Verbs

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Verbs can be divided into two categories,

transitive and intransitive. Transitive verbs are followed by direct objects. Intransitive verbs do not have a direct object.

One requires and object and the other cannot take an object: raise/rise.


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VerbsVerbs

Transitive Verbs (Verbs which do not have an object)

increaserise

go up

decrease- decline

go down - drop

fall

Intransitive Verbs (Verbs which have an object)

increaseraise

decrease

reduce

drop


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VerbsVerbs

Transitive Verbs (Verbs which do not have an object)

1. The population of the world is increasing.

2. The prices of electric goods have fallen.

Intransitive Verbs (Verbs which have an object)

1. The government has increased income tax.

2. We have reduced our prices by 10%


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Verbs Verbs

Simple Present Tense Use the simple present tense to express facts,

states of being, or actions that are occurring or that occur regularly.

As more companies enter the market , competition increases.

Our company raises salaries once every year.


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Verbs Verbs

Simple Present Tense

The simple present tense can also express future actions that are scheduled to occur. The spring term begins in January next year. The next flight to Tokyo leaves tomorrow al 6:00 am.


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Verbs Verbs

Simple Past Tense Use the simple past tense to express actions

completed at a specific time in the past. To form the past tense add the ending –ed to the base form of the regular verb.

US and Chilean officials signed the first Free Trade Treaty between the United States and a South American country, on June 6, 2003.

Goods trade between the United States and Chile in 2002 amounted to 6.4 billion dollars..


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Verbs Verbs

Simple Future Tense

Use the future tense to indicate action that will

occur at some point after the present. You can

express future tense by using a verb in the

simple present with a future adverb, by using

the auxiliary will, or by using the expression is

going to or are going to.


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Verbs Verbs

Simple Future Tense Once the agreement comes into effect, we

shall develope a stronger trade relashionship with USA.

The agreement with Chile will slash tax barrieres, protect investors, and ensure the competitiviness of American companies in the global market.


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Verbs Verbs

Present Perfect Tense1. Actions which started in the past and are still continuing The present perfect is often used for an action which started at some

time in the past, and are still continuing now. Often, the words for (with a length of time) and since (with a starting time) are used along with the present perfect.

He has lived in Canada for five years. (He started living in Canada five years ago, and he's still living there

now.) She has worked at the University since 1994. (She started working at the University in 1994, and she's still working

there now.)


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Verbs Verbs

Present Perfect Tense To form the present perfect, use the present

tense form of the auxiliary have and the past participle of the main verb. The present perfect is commonly used with the following adverbs:

already, always, ever, just, lately, never, recently, since, still, and yet.


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Verbs Verbs

Present Perfect Tense The issuing bank has released the

documents of credit to the importer

After six rounds of negotiations, our workers still haven’t gotten to a final agreement.


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Verbs Verbs

Past Perfect Tense Use the past perfect tense to express states or

actions that began and came to an end before a specified point in the past. To form the past perfect, use the past tense form of the auxiliary have and the past participle of the main verb.


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Verbs Verbs

Past Perfect Tense: The negotiators realized another meeting

would be necessary, because they had not reached an agreement.

When I left the office, the building was empty, because everyone had gone home.


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Verbs Verbs

Future Perfect Tense Use the future perfect tense to express states or

actions that will have come to an end before a specific point in the future. To form the future perfect, use the auxiliaries will have and the past participle of the main verb.

By the end of the semester, the technical interest group will have completed its report.


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Verbs Verbs

Progressive Form Use the progressive form (sometimes called

the continuous form) in conjunction with any verb (present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, future perfect) to express an action that is ongoing with respect to a point in time or another action.

To make the progressive form, use a form of the auxiliary verb be and the present participle of the main verb.


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Verbs Verbs

Progressive Form The Internet is revolutionizing the way we

communicate. Among the younger generation, letter writing

was disappearing even before the Internet. Letter writing will be disappearing even

more rapidly in the next ten years.


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Verbs Verbs

Progressive Form Do not use the progressive form with states of

facts; use the simple present tense or simple past tense instead.

Some verbs that commonly describe such states are appear, appreciate, be, believe, belong, care, compromise, consider, contain, cost, desire, dislike, doubt, fear, forget, have, hear, love, look, resemble, think, want.

Claudia Parra B. Business Communication Skills School of Business Administration Pontificia...

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