Claude Jaquier | Policy Lab Czech Republic 2013
47
Ministry of Regional Development EUKN Policy Lab Czech Republic Prague September 11th 2013 Sustainable RUrban Development Srategy Key note Speech Claude Jacquier Researcher at CNRS «Les Siphonnés de la Planète» France [email protected]
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Transcript of Claude Jaquier | Policy Lab Czech Republic 2013
Ministry of Regional Development
EUKN Policy Lab Czech Republic
Prague
September 11th 2013
Sustainable RUrban Development Srategy Key note Speech
Claude Jacquier
Researcher at CNRS
«Les Siphonnés de la Planète»
France
1 - Why Sustainable Development Strategy?
Crisis: which possible issues?
Until now 2007-08
Downturn
“1929” options? (permanent recession,
nationalism, xenophobia, racism, war)
Business as usual is
expected by economists!
New paradigm Integrated Sustainable
Development?
Certainly both of these
solutions but in
different proportions and ways!
Functional and sectorial ways of doing are inefficient. We have to deal with complexity
and to invent integrated approaches!
At the same moment we have to face with many challenges concerning: economic innovations, social cohesion, environmental stakes, climate changes, pollution, water stress, demographic trends, crises of values, etc. Short term and long term objectives have to be tackled together at local and global levels!
As was saying Hans Jonas, we have to organize compromises between people at the end of their life and generations who are not born yet. Impossible task !
The Challenges
Objective EU 2050 Divide by 4 Energy Consumption and Pollution: We have less than 40 years to reach the goal!
Considering the actual trend to improve the building stocks,
150 years and more are needed!
A triple lack : Investments, innovative skills, governance
A necessity Behavior changes!
How to escape this path dependancy?
Objective EU 2020 -20% Sobriety, -20% Efficiency, -20% Renewable
We have less than 7 years to reach the goal!
The Challenge 2020 concerning Energy : 3 x (– 20%) (7 years from now)
Sobriety
- 20%
Efficiency
- 20%
Renewable - 20%
The goal!
2 - What is a Sustainable Development
Strategy?
Economy Social
Environment
Economy
Environment
Social
Social and environmental spheres are like constraints.
Governance
Toward sustainable development
Empowerment of communities
Liveable
Fair Viable
Sustainable
Economic realities built in the last centuries
The economic sphere is dominating
Disjointed management of spheres.
The State social-democratic compromise (1870-1970)
Which kind of new compromises are needed?
Which spatial and temporal scales to do that?
The planetary sustainable compromise needed now! (2014-2020-…2050)
The
main
challenge
Regulating jointly economic, social and environmental matters
city c
ursor
Regulating economical and social spheres
Economy
Social Sphere
Competitivness
Productivity
Richness
Unemployment
Exclusion
Contributions
Taxes
Social Cohesion Policies
What kind of social and political coalition is needed for that?
city c
ursor
Regulating economical and environmental spheres
Economy
Environment
Competitivness
Productivity Spatial
fragmentation.
Pollutions
Taxes Spatial
Cohesion Policies
What kind of social and political coalition is needed for that?
city cursor
Regulating social and environmental spheres
Social
Environment
Taxes Social
Cohesion Policies
Taxes Spatial
Cohesion Policies
What kind of social and political coalition is needed for that?
3 - Urban and Rural Challenges : «RUrban»
issue and the need to recycle old
representations?
Paris and its Region. Riots in 2005
London and its region. Riots in 2011
A Transitional RUrban Sustainable Territory
mobilité
4 - Are cities richest part of the world?
Cities are rich regarding GDP per capita
and poor considering household disponible
income (HDI)
Regions and cities
State members
2008
Eurostat 12/2011
London/UK
GDP = 1,7
HDI = 1,3
Brussels/Belgium
GDP = 1,9
HDI = 0,9
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
19
99
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20
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20
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20
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20
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2007.
20
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20
10
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Belgium (B) and Brussels
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and Net
Disposable Income (NDI) per household
(1999-2010)
B BRUSSELS
GDP/capita
B GDP/capita
B NDI/capita
B BRUSSELS
NDI/capita
0,000
0,500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
19
99
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20
00
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20
01
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20
09
.
20
10
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Belgium (B) - Brussels
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
and Net Disposable Income (NDI) per household
(1999-2008)
B BRUSSELS/B GDP
per capita
B BRUSSELS/B NDI
per household
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
19
99
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20
00
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20
01
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20
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20
03
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2004.
20
05
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20
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20
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20
08
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20
09
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20
10
.
Great Britain (GB) - London
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
and net Disposable Income (NDI) per household
(1999-2010)
GB LONDON
GDP/capita
GB GDP/capita
GB LONDON
NDI/capita
GB NDI/capita
0,000
0,200
0,400
0,600
0,800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
1999.
20
00
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20
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20
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20
05
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20
06
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20
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20
09
.
20
10
.
Great Britain (GB) - London
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
and Net Disposable Income (NDI) per household
(1999-2008)
GB LONDON/UK
GDP per capita
GB LONDON/UK
NDI per household
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
19
99
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20
00
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20
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20
10
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Deutchland (D) - Berlin
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
and Net Disposable Income (NDI) per household
(1999-2010)
D GDP/capita
D BERLIN
GDP/capita
D NDI/capita
D BERLIN
NDI/capita
0,700
0,750
0,800
0,850
0,900
0,950
1,000
19
99
.
2000.
20
01
.
20
02
.
20
03
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20
04
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20
05
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20
06
.
20
07
.
20
08
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20
09
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20
10
.
Deutchland (D) - Berlin
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
and Net Disposable Income (NDI) per household
(1999-2010)
D BERLIN/D GDP
per capita
D BERLIN/D NDI per
household
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
1999.
20
00
.
20
01
.
20
02
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20
03
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20
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20
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20
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20
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20
10
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Czech Republic (CZ) - Praha
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and Net
Disposable Income (NDI) per household (1999-
2010)
CZ PRAHA
GDP/capita
CZ GDP/capita
CZ PRAHA
NDI/capita
CZ NDI/capita
0,000
0,500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
19
99
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20
00
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20
01
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20
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2004.
20
05
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20
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20
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20
08
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20
09
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20
10
.
Czech Republic (CZ) - Praha
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and Net
Disposable Income (NDI) per household (1999-2010)
CZ PRAHA/CZ GDP
per capita
CZ PRAHA/CZ NDI
per household
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
19
99
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20
00
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20
01
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20
02
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20
03
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04
.
2005.
20
06
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20
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20
08
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20
09
.
20
10
.
Greece (GR) - Attiki
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
and Net Disposable Income (NDI) per household
(1999-2010)
GR Attiki
GDP/capita
GR GDP/capita
GR Attiki
NDI/capita
GR NDI/capita
0,000
0,200
0,400
0,600
0,800
1,000
1,200
1,400
19
99
.
20
00
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20
01
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20
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20
08
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20
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20
10
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Greece (GR) - Attiki Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
and net Disposable Income (NDI) per household (1999-2010)
GR Attiki/G GDP per capita
GR Attiki/G NDI per household
5 - Sustainable Development
and Community-led Local Development
Community-territory related to Sustainable Development
Place (environment)
Place (environment)
People and Gender (social)
Institutions (public and private, economic and social)
People and
Gender (social)
Constituents
Institutions (economy and politic)
Constituents in unstable equilibrium
Atmosphere
Multiscale approach of sustainable development
Local Community City and Rurban Region
Polycentric Rurban Region
ESDP (SDEC)
Economie
émergée
Economie
immergée
Trade Economy Men Poaching
Economy
Women
Immerged Economy
Domestic Economy
Welfare Economy
Emerged Economy
Community and Social Economy
Learning from Africa
Resources
of a Community
territory
Gender and
Economies
Community
Organization
6 - How to Built Sustainable Development?
Interaction Project/Community-territory
(the Clinician or Gardner Algorithm)
Place (environment)
People and
Gender (social)
-6- Project
Outcomes (LAP Local
Action Plan) Sustainable
Added-value
-1or/and 2- Community
Territory Their components
-5- Cross-
fertilization Contracts (A, B, C) (effective
LSG)
-2 or/and 1- The Key:
Know-How (LAT Local Action Team) Reformist Conspirators Gardeners, Clinicians
Create New Atmospheres with New Compromises
-4- Partnership
(LSG Local Support Group)
A Conflictive Cooperation
A
B
C
Creating Sustainable Added-Value within a Community Building Sustainable Local Action Plans (“Making the Best With”)
-3- Mobilizing Actors Traditional and New One
Inside and Outside the Community Bringing Economic, Social and
Environmental Resources
Institutions (economy politics)
Action Arena
Patterns of intégration
-7- Evaluation
URBACT – URBAMECO - C. Jacquier
SAV SAV SAV SAV SAV SAV
Strategical Links R & D
Know-How Finances
Com
Strategical Link
Marketing Selling
Maintenance
Links of the Chain of Added-Value localised in deprived communities or dislocalised elsewhere in the world
The Chain of Sustainable Added-Value (CSAV)
Which parts of this chain are localised in deprived community-
territory or should be re-localised there? What is the risks for
strategical links to be delocalised elsewhere in the world
Connected Community
Connected Community
Deprived Community
Deprived Community
Community «elsewhere»
Community «elsewhere»
Sustainable Local Action Team (SLAT)
and Sustainable Local Support Group (SLSG)
Local authority A
Local authority Z
State - EU
Other political levels
(Region
Province)
Private sector
Associations
Reformist conspirators
Accomplices
Institutions and agents
SLAT and SLSG
Reformist process
Metropolitan Area Rurban Region
Which professional we have to train?
• T-men T-women
Reformist conspirators (hybrids, metis, heretics), community organisators.
A main skill Complementary skills Source : Claude Jacquier
Les Siphonnés de la Planète
7 - Conflictive Cooperations, Engines
of Sustainable Development Processes
Making the city Making the best of the city
Horizontal conflicting cooperation (since the end of 19s)
Fragmented territory
Balkanized
‘Tart’
Horizontal cooperation
Cooperation between local authorities and organizations
Rurban Region
Making the city Making the best of the city
Vertical conflicting cooperation (since the 60s)
Hierarchical approach Specialised approach ‘Pastry’
Vertical cooperation Subsidiary approach Contractual policy Multilevel agreements
Making the city Making the best of the city
Transversal conflicting cooperation (since the 80s)
Sectorised approach
Partitioned approach
‘Slices of cake’
Transversal cooperation
Transversal approach
Partnership
This last cooperation is the hardest to set up: Confrontation between various professional and cultural identities, corporatism and bureaucracy.
Cross-border
cooperation Building
strategical
regions
(1)
Cross-border
Coopération
Building
strategical
regions
(2)
Programmes
of
Risk Prevention:
floods and
drynesses
Eurométropole Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai (Belgium-France) European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC)
Centres Move to Periphery (polycentrism)
Periphery Became Centre
Changing Scale - Zooming Effect
Local Authority
1
Local Authority
2
Local Authority
3
Bypassing rigidities and building reforms
Aims of integrated policies for sustainable rurban development
The main challenge is less the lack of funds than the
disability of local communities to absorb new resources and
to valorise them in order to produce sustainable added-
value.
The major reason of this is the lack of skills able to take fully
into account the complexity of the reality, to «do with» this
reality in order to produce sustainable value and by doing
so to take part to the international value chains. For that,
specific Local Action Teams (LATs) are needed bringing
together well trained professionals (T women and T men), we
called reformist conspirators and accomplices.
Conclusions concerning sustainable development
To reach this objective we have to build at local level strong
triptychs between universities and research centres, socio-
economic sector and local authorities in various regions
involved in European exchange programme (like Urbact or
Rurbact) in order to implement Integrated Strategy for
Sustainable RUrban Development.
Cities, regions, member states and EU all together have to
act in a multilevel way in order to mobilise resources (skills,
funds, etc.). Compare to other programme, the cost of such
a strategy is not very expansive and certainly more
efficient. Really, we need urgently a European IASUD
university, a network of appliance laboratories all over
Europe to foster the sustainable development capacities of
rurban regions in transition.
Conclusions (following)
