Classified Criminal Appeals Bulletin · 2018-02-05 · Summing-up – Whether act of sexual...

Classified Criminal Appeals

Bulletin

January – December 2011

Prosecutions Division

Department of Justice

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

CCAB 2011

(i)

A DIGEST OF

HONG KONG CRIMINAL APPEAL CASES

January – December 2011

Compiled and Edited by

Mr. William TAM

Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions

based on 12 issues (Jan. – Dec. 2011) of

Criminal Appeals Bulletin published by the

Prosecutions Division of the

Department of Justice

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

CCAB 2011

(ii)

Table of Contents

Subject Headings

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page (iii) - (iv)

Subject Index

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page (v) - (li)

Digest of Cases

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 1 - 356

CCAB 2011 subjects

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Page No. Page No.

Abandonment of Appeal ............... 1

Absolute Liability .......................... 2

Alternative Verdict ........................ 6

Amendment ................................ 11

Anonymity .................................. 13

Appeal / Procedure .................... 14

Bail ............................................. 21

Basic Law ................................... 23

Bill of Rights ............................... 24

Buccal Swab .............................. 30

Case Stated ............................... 33

Computer Crime ......................... 38

Conspiracy to Defraud ............... 41

Costs .......................................... 45

Counsel Incompetence .............. 50

Dangerous Driving ..................... 53

Dangerous Drugs ....................... 55

Death Inquest ............................. 58

Deception .................................. 59

Disclosure .................................. 62

Disorderly Conduct ..................... 63

Distress ...................................... 65

Dock Identification ...................... 67

Employment ............................... 69

Entrapment ................................. 78

Evidence Evaluation ................... 83

Ex Gratia Payment ..................... 93

Fair Trial ..................................... 97

Falling Objects ......................... 114

Forfeiture .................................. 115

Fraud ........................................ 117

Fresh Evidence ........................ 118

Handling Stolen Goods ............ 120

Identification Evidence ............. 123

Immigration............................... 124

Incitement ................................. 126

Indecent Assault ....................... 128

Indictment ................................. 136

Industrial Undertakings ............ 141

Joint Trial .................................. 149

Judge’s Direction ...................... 154

Jury .......................................... 156

Letter of Request ...................... 159

Lies ........................................... 162

Magistrate ................................ 165

Manslaughter ........................... 176

Mental Health Ordinance ......... 178

Misconduct in Public Office ...... 179

Mixed Statement ...................... 184

Money Laundering ................... 186

Murder ...................................... 188

Nuisance Notice ....................... 194

CCAB 2011 subjects

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Page No. Page No.

Outraging Public Decency ........ 196

Poison ...................................... 199

Prosecutor’s Duty ..................... 202

Proviso ..................................... 203

Rape......................................... 206

Reasons ................................... 215

Review of Sentence ................. 219

Right of Silence ........................ 221

Road Traffic .............................. 223

Sentence (Quantum) Buggery ................................. 231

Burglary ................................. 234

Criminal Intimidation .............. 236

Dangerous Drugs .................. 238

Driving under Influence of Drugs .................................... 244

Failure to Provide Breath Specimen .............................. 245

False Imprisonment ............... 247

Handling Stolen Goods ......... 251

Immigration ........................... 253

Indecent Assault .................... 258

Manslaughter ........................ 263

Money Laundering................. 269

Murder ................................... 276

Obscene Articles .................. 277

Theft of “Incense Tree” .......... 278

Town Planning ...................... 279

Trafficking in Dangerous Drug....................................... 281

USI ........................................ 284

Vice ....................................... 287

Sentencing (Principles) Dashed Hope ......................... 290

Deterrence ............................. 292

Disparity of Sentence ............. 293

International Element ............. 294

Mitigating Factors .................. 298

Totality ................................... 300

Victim Impact ......................... 302

Young and Vulnerable Victims ................................... 304

Sentencing Basis ..................... 306

Stay of Proceedings ................. 313

Substitution of Verdict .............. 315

Summing Up............................. 317

Telecommunications ................ 329

Telephone Nuisance ................ 331

Time Bar ................................... 333

Town Planning ......................... 335

Trade Descriptions Offences .... 338

Transcripts of Proceedings....... 340

Triad Offence ........................... 342

USI ........................................... 346

Voir Dire ................................... 348

Vulnerable Witness .................. 351

Witness Credibility .................... 353

CCAB 2011 subject index

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Page

ABANDONMENT OF APPEAL

Criminal law & procedure – Application to treat abandonment of appeal as a nullity – Merits of appeal irrelevant (as opposed to application for extension of time for appeal)

Nullifying an abandonment – Nullity test – Focus on the state of mind of the applicant at the time of signing the Notice of Abandonment – Burden on the applicant

刑事法及訴訟程序 - 申請將「放棄上訴」視作無效 - 上訴理據並非相關因素 (相對於延期

上訴的申請)

令「放棄上訴」成為無效 - 令「放棄上訴」成為無效的準則 - 焦點是申請人簽署放棄上訴

通知時的心態 - 責任在申請人身上 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

ABSOLUTE LIABILITY

Criminal law and procedure – Section 118(1)(b) of Magistrates Ordinance (Cap 227) – Fresh evidence admitted on appeal

Criminal law – Regulations 5(4), 19(1)(a) and 121(1) of Road Traffic (Construction and Maintenance of Vehicles) Regulations (Cap 374A) – “Absolute liability” offence

刑事法及訴訟程序—《裁判官條例》(第227章)第118(1)(b)條—上訴階段接納新的證供

刑事法 — 《道路交通 ( 車輛構造及保養 ) 條例》 ( 第 374A 章 ) 第 5(4) 條、第 19(1)(a) 條及第

121(1)條—「絕對法律責任」的罪行 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Criminal law and procedure – Defendant charged with the offence under s 13 of the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (Cap 59) as a result of a commission of the offence under s 6A of the same Ordinance by another person not under the defendant’s employment – “Absolute liability” offence

刑事法及訴訟程序 - 被告人因另一並非其僱用的人犯香港法例第59章《工廠及工業經營條

例》第6A條所訂罪行而被控同一條例第13條所訂罪行 -「絕對法律責任」的罪行 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4


(vi)

ALTERNATIVE VERDICT

Criminal law & procedure – Rape – Buggery – Whether judge should give directions to jury on alternative charge of indecent assault which was open on the evidence – Whether jury’s verdicts rendered unsafe and unsatisfactory

刑事法及訴訟程序－強姦罪－肛交罪－若證據存在，法官應否給予陪審團猥褻侵犯交替控

罪的指引－有否令陪審團所作出的裁決不穩妥 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Criminal law & procedure – Appeal against conviction – Rape – Complainant’s evidence fell short of direct evidence proving penetration by Appellant’s penis – Whether alternative verdict of indecent assault should have been left with the jury – Application of principles in Ho Hoi-shing

Recent Complaint – Distress – Whether sufficient direction as required by Leung Chi-keung that, inter alia, the distressed condition was not feigned and was only referable to the alleged sexual offence and not to any other cause

Summing-up – Whether act of sexual intercourse and, if so, whether consensual not put during cross-examination of complainant – Whether defence case fairly and thoroughly put to the jury

刑事法及訴訟程序－針對定罪的上訴－強姦－申訴人的證供未能構成直接證據證明上訴人

陰莖插入－是否應讓陪審團考慮轉以猥褻侵犯的罪名裁決－何開盛一案的原則適用

近期投訴－受困擾－是否符合梁志強一案的要求給予足夠指引，其中包括受困擾的情況不

是假裝的，僅與指稱的性罪行而非其他因由有關

總結－盤問申訴人時有否提出性交的行為，以及如有的話，有否提出性交的行為是否經雙

方同意－有否向陪審團公平和徹底地提出辯方論據 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Criminal law and procedure – Where a defendant charged with trafficking in a dangerous drug claimed that the drugs were for self-consumption – Whether alterative verdict of lesser offence of simple possession should be left with jury

刑事法及訴訟程序─當被告人被控販運危險藥物但聲稱有關危險藥物只作自用─應否將罪

責較輕的普通管有罪行的交替裁決留給陪審團 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

AMENDMENT

Conviction – Incitement to commit fraud – Common Law and s 16A of Theft Ordinance – No evidence to show Appellant incited employees to apply to Labour Department for compensations under the Protection of Wages on Insolvency Fund


(vii)

Criminal law and procedure – Section 27 of Magistrates Ordinance – Mandatory provision – Where there was “defect” or “variance” in the charge, Magistrate neither “amended” nor “dismissed” charge, but proceeded to find a prima facie case and convict Appellant – Fatal to conviction – Conviction unsafe and contrary to principle

定罪 — 煽惑他人作出欺詐罪 — 普通法及《盜竊罪條例》第16A條 — 沒有證供或證據顯

示上訴人煽惑職員到勞工處根據破產欠薪保障基金作出賠償申請

刑事法及訴訟程序 —《裁判官條例》第27條 — 屬強制性條文 — 控罪有「欠妥之處」或

「差異」，但裁判官沒有「修訂」或「撤銷」控罪，繼續裁定表面證供成立並裁定上訴人

罪名成立 — 對定罪有致命性的影響 — 定罪不穩妥及有違原則 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

ANONYMITY

Criminal law and procedure – Anonymity of complainant – References at trial which could well have disclosed complainant’s real identity – Questions with the potential of revealing the complainant’s identity – Care must be exercised when asking such questions

刑事法及訴訟程序－申訴人身分的保密－在審訊中因多次提述投訴人而很可能已披露她的

真正身分－有潛在可能透露投訴人身分的提問－提出這類問題必須小心謹慎 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

APPEAL/PROCEDURE

Application made to the Court of Appeal for leave to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal on “substantial and grave injustice” limb – Application should be made to the Court of Final Appeal instead – Application was without merit – Costs under s 13B, Costs in Criminal Cases Ordinance (Cap 492)

以「實質及嚴重不公平」這環節為理由向上訴法庭申請終審法院的上訴許可－應該改向終

審法院提出申請－申請缺乏充分理據－香港法例第492章《刑事案件訟費條例》第13B 條

訂明的訟費 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Criminal law & procedure – Ruling of no case to answer made in District Court trial – Procedure for appeal by way of case-stated under s 84 of District Court Ordinance – Whether the correctness of ruling of no-case a matter of law within s 84

刑事法及訴訟程序—在區域法院的審訊中作出無須答辯的裁定—根據《區域法院條例》第

84條以案件呈述方式上訴的程序—無須答辯的裁定正確與否是否屬第84條內的法律問題 . . . . . . . 15

Criminal law and procedure – Application for bail pending determination by the Appeal Committee of an application for leave to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal – Only in “rare and exceptional circumstances” will bail be granted – The considerations for granting bail

刑事法及訴訟程序－申請保釋以等候上訴委員會決定是否接納向終審法院上訴的上訴許可

申請－只在「特殊及例外的情況下」才准予保釋－准予保釋的考慮因素 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16


(viii)

Criminal law and procedure – Application for leave to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal against sentence – Leave granted only in “extremely rare and utterly exceptional circumstances” – Whether the basis for sentencing infringed Applicant’s right to silence

刑事法及訴訟程序—針對刑罰向終審法院申請上訴許可—只在「極為罕見及完全例外的情

況」下才給予許可—判刑理據有否侵犯申請人的緘默權 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Practice and Procedure – Preparation for criminal appeal cases – Purpose for obtaining transcripts of proceedings – Requests for large quantities of unnecessary transcripts cause delay to transcription of genuinely useful records of proceedings – Duty of counsel to ensure that the requested transcripts are essential

常規與程序－處理刑事案件上訴的備審工序－取得聆訊謄本目的－要求大量無用的聆訊謄

本對真正有用的聆訊記錄的謄寫造成延誤－大律師有責任確保要求提供的聆訊謄本是必需

的 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Criminal law and procedure – Application for a certificate of a point of law of great and general importance – Whether magistrate could review a sentence after notice of appeal against conviction filed – Issue dropped and not argued on appeal – Certificate refused

刑事法及訴訟程序－申請證明涉及具有重大而廣泛的重要性的法律觀點－裁判官能否於收

到上訴定罪通知後覆核判刑－爭議的問題於上訴被擱置或沒有經過辯論－證明書被拒 . . . . . . . . . . . 20

BAIL

Criminal law and procedure – Application for bail pending determination by the Appeal Committee of an application for leave to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal – Only in “rare and exceptional circumstances” will bail be granted – The considerations for granting bail

刑事法及訴訟程序－申請保釋以等候上訴委員會決定是否接納向終審法院上訴的上訴許可

申請－只在「特殊及例外的情況下」才准予保釋－准予保釋的考慮因素 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Bail pending Sentence – Remand for Psychiatric Report under s 51 of the Mental Health Ordinance (Cap 136) – Application of s 83Z of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap 221)

申請保釋以等候判刑─根據香港法例第136章《精神健康條例》第51條還押以索取精神科

醫生報告─香港法例第221章《刑事訴訟程序條例》第83Z條適用 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

BASIC LAW

Trafficking in a dangerous drug – Whether the Appellant’s right to legal representation under article (2)(d) of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights was denied – Whether the drug referred to in the government chemist’s certificate was sufficiently identified – Whether the Appellant’s cautioned statement was wrongly admitted


(ix)

販運危險藥物－上訴人是否被拒香港人權法案第十一 (二 ) (丁 )條訂明的法律代表權利－政

府化驗師報告所提述的毒品是否充分識別－是否錯誤接納上訴人的警誡供詞 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

BILL OF RIGHTS

Criminal law and procedure – Evasion of liability by deception – Proof of an existing liability for payment is necessary – Unnecessary to plead the detail of the existing liability

Leave to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal – Delay – Whether delay is ‘undue’ within the meaning of Article 11(2)(c) of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights so as to attract a remedy or establish an arguable case of substantial and grave injustice – Serious unjust effect upon the defendant personally or his trial must be shown

刑事法及訴訟程序 — 以欺騙手段逃避法律責任 — 有需要證明須作出付款的現有的法律責

任—無須說明現有的法律責任的詳情

向終審法院上訴的許可— 延誤— 延誤是否《香港人權法案》第十一 (二 ) (丙 )條所指的「無

故稽延」，以致須採取補救方法或可確立爭辯論據證明有實質及嚴重不公平的情況—必須

顯示對被告人本人或其審訊確有嚴重不公的影響 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Criminal law and procedure – Constitutional challenge – Appeal by way of case stated pursuant to s 105 of Magistrates Ordinance (Cap 227) – Constitutionality of the Class 3 Offence under s 23 of the Telecommunications Ordinance (Cap 106)

刑事法及訴訟程序 - 質疑是否符合憲法 - 依據香港法例第227章《裁判官條例》第105條以

案件呈述方式上訴 - 香港法例第106章《電訊條例》第23條下的第3級罪行是否符合憲法 . . . . . . 25

Possession of Chinese herbal medicine in Schedule 1 – Sections 110 and 156 of the Chinese Medicine Ordinance – Statutory defence reversing burden of proof to the defendant inconsistent with presumption of innocence

管有附表 1 的中藥材─《中醫藥條例》第110條及第156條─免責辯解將舉證責任轉嫁給

被告人，不符合無罪假定 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

BUCCAL SWAB

Criminal law and procedure – Evidence – Letter of request issued by HKSAR under s 77E(1) of Evidence Ordinance (Cap 8) – No evidence that it was not reasonably practicable to secure deponent's attendance at trial in Hong Kong – Whether deposition evidence obtained in Macau pursuant to letter of request in relation to criminal proceedings admissible under s 77F(1)


(x)

Criminal law and procedure – Evidence – Buccal swab obtained after charge – Whether breach of right against self-incrimination – Police permitted to take more than one buccal swab – art 11(2)(g) of Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance (Cap 383) – s 59C of Police Force Ordinance (Cap 232) – s 7(2) of Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (Cap 1)

Criminal law and procedure – Voir dire – Duty of Judge to give reasons for admitting confession – Whether failure to provide reasons constitutes material irregularity

刑事法及訴訟程序—證據—根據香港法例第8章《證據條例》第77E(1)條由香港特區發出

請求書—沒有證據顯示要確使作供詞人在香港審訊時出庭並非合理地切實可行—依據有關

的刑事法律程序的請求書在澳門取得的書面供詞證據根據第77F(1)條是否可接納為證據

刑事法及訴訟程序 — 證據 — 在檢控後被套取口腔拭子樣本 — 是否違反免使自己入罪的權

利—警方獲准套取超過一個口腔拭子樣本—香港法例第383章《香港人權法案條例》第十

一 (二 ) (庚 )條—香港法例第232章《警隊條例》第59C條—香港法例第1章《釋義及通則條

例》第7(2)條

刑事法及訴訟程序—案中案程序—法官就接納招認而須給予理由的責任—沒有提供理由是

否構成重大不當之處 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

CASE STATED

Criminal Law and Procedure – Appeal by way of case stated – Magistrate required to set out the basis on which he acted and came to the verdict

Criminal Law and Procedure – Deputy magistrate declined to be reappointed – whether this amounts to “absence” within the meaning of s 118(1)(f) of Magistrates Ordinance Cap 227

刑事法及訴訟程序－以案件呈述方式上訴－裁判官須列明其行事和達成裁決的理據

刑事法及訴訟程序－暫委裁判官拒絕再接受委任－這情況是否足以構成香港法例第227章

《裁判官條例》第118(1)(f)條所指的「缺席」 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Criminal law and procedure – Appeal by way of case stated – Fraud – Section 16A of the Theft Ordinance, Cap 210 – Whether magistrate had taken irrelevant considerations in finding defendant to be not dishonest

刑事法及訴訟程序 — 以案件呈述方式提出上訴 — 欺詐罪 — 《盜竊罪條例》 ( 第 210 章 ) 第

16A條—裁判官在裁定答辯人並無不誠實時，是否考慮了不相關的證供 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35



案件呈述方式上訴 - 香港法例第106章《電訊條例》第23條下的第3級罪行是否符合憲法 . . . . . . 36


(xi)

COMPUTER CRIME

Criminal law & procedure – Committing an act outraging public decency – Posting a very disgusting message on internet forum – Whether internet forum capable of constituting a “place” or “premises” in the offence of “outraging public decency” – Whether “a place” restricted to “a physical place” – Whether the message posted by the Appellant constituted an act “outraging public decency”

刑事法及訴訟程序—作出有違公德行為—於互聯網聊天室張貼令人覺得非常厭惡的留言—

網上聊天室可否構成干犯「有違公德」罪的「地方」或「處所」—「地方」應否僅局限於

「實質的地方」(a physical p lace)—上訴人張貼的信息可否構成「違反公德」的行為 . . . . . . . . . . 38

CONSPIRACY TO DEFRAUD

Conspiracy to defraud – “Pre-allotting” amongst stall-holders – Agreement that no-one else would bid for the same stall – At the auction, there was only one bid to each stall, each stall was knocked down at the reserve price to a sole bidder

串謀詐騙－檔位持有人自行「事先分配」－協議不競投同一檔位－在競投時每個檔位只有

一人投標，每個檔位由單一競投者以底價投得 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Criminal law and procedure – Trial – Misuse by prosecution and trial judge of co-conspirators rule – Defence never informed of which documents were admitted under the rule and how they were used – Defence entitled to know the case they had to meet – Whether defendants thereby deprived of fair trial

Allegations against lawyer or other professional – Need to have sufficient proof of evidence to prove defendant straying from his professional duty and into criminal conduct

Whether a non-director employee under obligation to act as “whistle-blower”

刑事法及訴訟程序— 審訊— 控方及原審法官不當使用共同串謀者規則—辯方從沒有獲通知

那些文件根據該規則獲得接納和如何使用— 辯方有權了解他們所須應付的案—被告人是否

因而被剝奪公平審訊的機會

針對律師或其他專業人士的指控— 須有足夠證據證明被告人沒有履行專業職責轉而作出刑

事行為

非任職董事的僱員是否有責任做「告密者」 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

COSTS

Costs – Appeal against convictions of some charges successful – Appropriate costs order is to adopt a global approach – Drawing a line based on time is artificial – Unsuccessful application for bail pending appeal – No reason to exclude it from the general costs order made – Application for a certificate of 3 counsel – Evidence was complicated but not to the extent to require the attention of more than 2 counsel – Certificate of 2 counsel granted


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訟費－某些控罪的定罪上訴得直－訟費命令宜採取整體方式處理－以時間為基礎劃分界線

是矯作的－申請保釋等候上訴不成功－沒理由不包括在一般訟費命令內－申請3名大律師

的證明書－證據雖然複雜但不致於須由多於2名大律師處理－獲發2名大律師的證明書 . . . . . . . . . . 45

Judicial Review – Deprivation of the defendant’s costs upon acquittal where the defendant has brought suspicion upon herself by remaining silent during the investigation – No right of appeal from a cost order under the Costs in Criminal Cases Ordinance – Whether the judge had committed any error of law – Whether the decision was Wednesbury unreasonable or irrational

Costs – Deprivation of the defendant’s costs upon acquittal where the defendant has remained silent during the investigation – Bringing suspicion upon herself – Due weight to be given to the defendant’s constitutional right of silence

司法覆核—被告人獲裁定無罪後因調查期間保持緘默自招懷疑而不獲判給訟費—根據《刑

事案件訟費條例》第19條無權就訟費命令提出上訴—法官是否在法律上犯錯—有關決定是

否屬Wednesbury一案的不可理喻或不理性

訟費—被告人獲裁定無罪後因在調查期間保持緘默而不獲判給訟費—被告人自招懷疑—對

被告人保持緘默的憲法權利須給予適當分量 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Criminal law and procedure – Costs of appeal – Costs of trial – Costs of bail pending appeal – Costs of stay application

Forfeiture order – S 102 of Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap 221)

刑事法及訴訟程序－上訴的訟費－審訊的訟費－申請保釋以等候上訴的訟費－申請擱置法

律程序的訟費

沒收令－香港法例第221章《刑事訴訟程序條例》第102條 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Costs appeal – Section 19 of the Costs in Criminal Cases Ordinance – Section 3 of the Costs in Criminal Cases Ordinance – Defence costs in summary proceedings – “Reasonably sufficient to compensate” under s 15 of the Costs in Criminal Cases Ordinance – “Expenses properly incurred” – Rule 7 of the Costs in Criminal Cases Rules

訟費上訴—《刑事案件訟費條例》第19條 —《刑事案件訟費條例》第3條—在簡易法律程

序中的辯方訟費—《刑事案件訟費條例》第15條「合理地足夠補償」—「恰當地招致的開

支」—訟費規則第7條 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

COUNSEL INCOMPETENCE

Criminal law and procedure – Indecent assault – Prosecution witness’ evidence given in court apparently inconsistent with contents of recent complaint – Counsel failed to question prosecution witness on this matter – Fairness of trial affected – Conviction unsafe


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刑事法及訴訟程序—猥褻侵犯—控方證人庭上證供與即時投訴的內容表面看來不吻合—大

律師沒有就此向控方證人作出質詢—影響審訊的公平性—定罪不穩妥 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Criminal law and procedure – Whether failure to put part of client’s instructions to prosecution witness amounts to flagrant incompetence of counsel – Whether direction on genuine but mistaken belief required

刑事法及訴訟程序—未有向控方證人指出部份當事人的指示是否構成大律師明顯失職—是

否需要作出錯誤但真實信念的指引 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

DANGEROUS DRIVING

Conviction – Judge’s ruling of no case to answer on “dangerous driving causing death” or “dangerous driving” but case to answer on “careless driving” – Appeal by Secretary for Justice – Objective test should be adopted – Intent to drive dangerously not required as an element of the offence

定罪－法官裁定就“危險駕駛引致他人死亡”罪或“危險駕駛”罪無須答辯，只需就“不小心

駕駛”罪答辯－律政司司長不服並提出上訴－應採納客觀的驗證準則－罪行的要素不

包括故意作出危險駕駛的行為 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

DANGEROUS DRUGS

Trafficking in a dangerous drug – Whether the Appellant’s right to legal representation under article 11(2)(d) of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights was denied – Whether the drug referred to in the government chemist’s certificate was sufficiently identified – Whether the Appellant’s cautioned statement was wrongly admitted

販運危險藥物－上訴人是否被拒香港人權法案第十一 (二 ) (丁 )條訂明的法律代表權利－政

府化驗師報告所提述的毒品是否充分識別－是否錯誤接納上訴人的警誡供詞 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Criminal law & procedure – Doing an act preparatory to manufacturing a dangerous drug – Failure of the prosecution to particularise the preparatory acts – Whether applicant convicted only of his passive presence in the apartment

刑事法及訴訟程序—作出準備製造危險藥物的作為—控方沒有就該等準備作為提供詳情—

申請人是否只因出現在樓宇內而被定罪 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

DEATH INQUEST

Death inquest – proper approach of CFI discretion to order an inquest to be held – De novo test – Whether an inquest ought to be held – Public interest for an inquest to be held – Incumbent on the applicant to identify broadly the areas in which useful recommendations might be made by a coroner or jury


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死因研訊－原訟法庭應如何適當行使酌情權命令進行研訊－標準為重新驗證－應否進行研

訊－進行研訊須合乎公眾利益－申請人有責任概括指出死因裁判官或陪審團可在哪範圍作

出有用的建議 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

DECEPTION

Criminal law & procedure – Evasion of liability by deception – Meaning of “legally enforceable liability” under s 18B(2) of the Theft Ordinance (Cap 210) – Delay by magistrate in serving a statement of findings under s 114(b) of the Magistrates Ordinance (Cap 227)

刑事法及訴訟程序 — 以欺騙手段逃避法律責任 — 香港法例第 210 章《盜竊罪條例》第

18B(2)條所指「可依法強制執行的法律責任」的涵義—裁判官延誤根據香港法例第227章

《裁判官條例》第114(b)條送達裁斷陳述書 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Criminal law and procedure – Evasion of liability by deception – Proof of an existing liability for payment is necessary – Unnecessary to plead the detail of the existing liability

Leave to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal – Delay – Whether delay is ‘undue’ within the meaning of Article 11(2)(c) of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights so as to attract a remedy or establish an arguable case of substantial and grave injustice – Serious unjust effect upon the defendant personally or his trial must be shown

刑事法及訴訟程序 — 以欺騙手段逃避法律責任 — 有需要證明須作出付款的現有的法律責

任—無須說明現有的法律責任的詳情

向終審法院上訴的許可— 延誤— 延誤是否《香港人權法案》第十一 (二 ) (丙 )條所指的「無

故稽延」，以致須採取補救方法或可確立爭辯論據證明有實質及嚴重不公平的情況—必須

顯示對被告人本人或其審訊確有嚴重不公的影響 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

DISCLOSURE

Disclosure – Prosecutor’s duty to assist and answer defence questions where he could – Whether fair trial denied

披露—檢控官有責任在能力範圍內提供協助和回答辯方問題—是否沒有獲得公平訊審 . . . . . . . . . . . 62

DISORDERLY CONDUCT

Criminal law and procedure – Behaving in disorderly manner in public place – Whereby a breach of peace likely to be caused

刑事法及訴訟程序 — 在公眾地方作出擾亂秩序的行為 — 行為相當可能導致破壞社會安寧 . . . 63


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DISTRESS









方同意－有否向陪審團公平和徹底地提出辯方論據 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

DOCK IDENTIFICATION

Evidence – Identification – Courtroom identification – Not inadmissible per se – Whether to admit first-time dock identification evidence is a matter of trial judge’s discretion – Discretion to be exercised rarely

Criminal law and procedure – Time bar – s 120A of Copyright Ordinance (Cap 528)

Evidence evaluation – Important for a judge to give proper consideration to respective strengths and weaknesses of evidence – Equally important for judge to stand back to assess the evidence as a whole

證據—辨認—庭上辨認—本身並非不可接納的證據—是否接納首次辨認犯人欄內被告人的

證據屬主審法官行使酌情權決定的事宜—甚少行使此酌情權

刑事法及訴訟程序—時效—香港法例第528章《版權條例》第120A條

證據評估—法官分別對證據的強項及弱項給予適當考慮是重要的—但法官退一步對證據作

出全面評估亦同樣重要 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

EMPLOYMENT

Employees’ Compensation Ordinance – Employer’s failure to take out valid insurance policy for employee – Whether employer-employee relationship between Appellant Company and the prosecution witness existed at material time


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《僱員補償條例》—僱主未有為僱員購買一份有效的保險—在案發時上訴公司和控方證人

是否僱主和僱員的關係 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Criminal law & procedure – Employer failed, wilfully and without reasonable excuse, to pay wages to

employee as soon as practicable –Defence does not need to prove lawful excuse on the balance of probabilities

刑事法及訴訟程序 — 僱主在故意及無合理辯解情況下沒有在切實範圍內盡快支付其員工的

工資—辯方無須在相對可能性下證明合理辯解 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Criminal law and procedure – Appellant wilfully and without reasonable excuse failed to pay wages on due date and failed to pay wages on due date upon termination of employment contract – Whether employer’s decision to defer payment of wages owing to financial difficulties constituted a reasonable excuse – Definition of “reasonable excuse” – Offence committed with connivance of Appellant who acted as director – Definition of “connivance”

刑事法及訴訟程序─上訴人故意及無合理辯解沒有在到期日支付工資及沒有在僱傭合約終

止時在到期日內支付工資─僱主因財政困難決定延遲發放工資是否構成合理辯解─「合理

辯解」的定義─上訴人作為董事縱容犯案─「縱容」的定義 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

ENTRAPMENT

Conviction – “Misconduct in public office” – Undercover operation – Entrapment – Whether trial should be stayed – Whether adverse evidence should be excluded – Whether different charges should be dealt with in the same trial

定罪－「藉公職作出不當行為」罪－卧底行動－誘捕－應否擱置審訊－應否剔除不利的證

據－不同控罪應否同案審理 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

EVIDENCE EVALUATION

Criminal law & procedure – Wounding with intent – Trial – Reasons for Verdict – Whether trial judge failed to evaluate evidence material to findings – Whether conviction rendered unsafe – Defence Counsel – Whether flagrantly incompetent

刑事法及訴訟程序－有意圖而傷人－審訊－裁決理由－原審法官是否沒有衡量對裁斷具關

鍵性的證據－是否令定罪不穩妥－辯方律師－是否明顯失職 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Criminal law and procedure – Trafficking in dangerous drugs – Evaluation of identification evidence

刑事法及訴訟程序－販運危險藥物－認人證據 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Conviction – Offence of claiming to be a member of a triad society – Statement of findings – No mention of Appellant’s mens rea – Never raised as an issue by defence counsel at trial – No evidence that mens rea co-existed with actus reus – Experienced trial magistrate – All the evidence of the witnesses and all


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elements of offence must have been taken into consideration before the Appellant was found guilty

定罪—聲稱是三合會社團的成員罪—裁斷陳述書—沒有提及上訴人的犯罪意圖—審訊時辯

方大律師從沒有就此作過任何爭辯—沒有證據指犯罪意圖與犯罪行為同時並存—具豐富審

案經驗的裁判官—在裁定上訴人罪名成立時定必已考慮所有證人的證供及控罪的所有元素 . . . . 85

Indecent assault – Defendant’s response under caution – Prosecution had not relied on the evidence in this respect – Court should not have used it to assess the Defendant’s credibility

猥褻侵犯罪─被告人在警戒下的回應─控方沒有依賴此方面的證供─法庭不能用作衡量被告

人的可信性 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87








出全面評估亦同樣重要 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Criminal law and procedure – Two aspects of fact-finding – Paying attention to inherent improbabilities – Taking proper advantage of seeing and hearing witnesses – Inherent probabilities most important when drawing inferences

刑事法及訴訟程序—事實裁斷的兩個方面—留意固有的不可能性—適當地發揮耳聞目睹證

人作供的優勢—作出推論時顧及固有的不可能性至為重要 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Criminal law and procedure – Using a false instrument – Except in highly exceptional circumstances, the court should not comment on failure of the defence to call a particular defence witness

刑事法及訴訟程序─使用虛假文書罪─除非在少數特別情況下，法庭不應就辯方沒有傳召

某位辯方證人作出評論 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

EX GRATIA PAYMENT

Criminal law & procedure – Criminal damage – Section 60(1) of the Crimes Ordinance (Cap 200)

Criminal law and procedure – At trial the magistrate suspected defendant had psychiatric problem and was


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unfit to be tried – Called for defendant’s psychiatric report during trial – Whether necessary to remand defendant in custody

Criminal law and procedure – Fair trial – How the magistrate should assist unrepresented defendant

Application for ex gratia compensation – Whether court should make a recommendation to the Government for ex gratia compensation to the Appellant during appeal

刑事法及訴訟程序─刑事損壞─香港法例第200章《刑事罪行條例》第60(1)條

刑事法及訴訟程序─於審訊期間裁判官懷疑被告人有精神問題而不適宜受審─於審訊期間

索取被告人的精神報告─是否需要將被告人還柙

刑事法及訴訟程序─公平審訊─裁判官應如何協助沒有律師代表的被告人

特惠賠償申請─法庭應否在處理上訴時向政府建議給予上訴人特惠賠償 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

FAIR TRIAL

Forcibly detaining person with intent to procure ransom for his liberation – Defendant indicated intention to call witness who had already been convicted of same offence – Prosecution cross-examined Defendant in respect of witness – Whether prejudiced Defendant by making jury aware that witness had implicated Defendant in earlier trial and effectively forcing Defendant to call witness to explain – Circumstances in which he had implicated Defendant

將某人強行禁錮而意圖取得用以交換釋放該人的贖金－被告人表示打算傳召已就同一罪行

被定罪的人作為證人－控方盤問被告人有關證人之事－讓陪審團知道證人曾在早前的審訊

中牽連被告人及實際逼使被告人傳召證人作解釋會否令被告人受損害－他牽連被告人的情

況 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Criminal law & procedure – Whether the trial judge entitled to convict on a basis different from the case advanced by the prosecution without affording the defence an opportunity to make submissions – Whether there was a fair trial in the circumstances

Criminal law & procedure – Substitution of verdict under s 83A CPO – Conditions to be satisfied

刑事法及訴訟程序—主審法官是否有權在沒有給予辯方機會作出陳詞下基於有別於控方所

提的案情定罪—在此情況下審訊是否公平

刑事法及訴訟程序—根據《刑事訴訟程序條例》第83A條取代裁決—須符合的條件 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Criminal law & procedure – Murder – Judicial intervention – Judge’s interruption of defence counsel’s closing speech in presence of jury – Whether such interruption prejudicial and unfair to defence – Observations about trial judge’s task in order to ensure a fair trial


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刑事法及訴訟程序—謀殺—司法干預—法官在陪審團面前干擾辯護律師的結案陳詞—該項

干擾是否對辯方造成損害及不公平—論述有關主審法官在職務上如何確保公平審訊 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Criminal law & procedure – Summing-up – Judicial intervention – Judge’s right to comment upon the defence case – Summing up so unbalanced as being largely “the stuff of advocacy” and in substance a closing speech for the prosecution – Not desirable for a judge to prompt prosecutor to cover matters in his closing speech – Failure to properly direct the jury as to the exercise of right to silence – Error in direction on lies

刑事法及訴訟程序－總結詞－司法干預－法官評論辯方案情的權利－總結詞不能持平因主

要流於「訟辯之類內容」及實質上為控方的結案陳詞－法官不宜提示檢控人員須在結案陳

詞中涵蓋某些事宜－沒有就行使緘默權適當引導陪審團－就謊言作出指引時犯錯 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Criminal law and procedure – Indecent assault – Prosecution witness’ evidence given in court apparently inconsistent with contents of recent complaint – Counsel failed to question prosecution witness on this matter – Fairness of trial affected – Conviction unsafe

刑事法及訴訟程序—猥褻侵犯—控方證人庭上證供與即時投訴的內容表面看來不吻合—大

律師沒有就此向控方證人作出質詢—影響審訊的公平性—定罪不穩妥 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Criminal law and procedure – Trial – Misuse by prosecution and trial judge of co-conspirators rule – Defence never informed of which documents were admitted under the rule and how they were used – Defence entitled to know the case they had to meet – Whether defendants thereby deprived of fair trial

Allegations against lawyer or other professional – Need to have sufficient proof of evidence to prove defendant straying from his professional duty and into criminal conduct

Whether a non-director employee under obligation to act as “whistle-blower”

刑事法及訴訟程序— 審訊— 控方及原審法官不當使用共同串謀者規則—辯方從沒有獲通知

那些文件根據該規則獲得接納和如何使用— 辯方有權了解他們所須應付的案—被告人是否

因而被剝奪公平審訊的機會

針對律師或其他專業人士的指控— 須有足夠證據證明被告人沒有履行專業職責轉而作出刑

事行為

非任職董事的僱員是否有責任做「告密者」 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Criminal law and procedure – Persistently making telephone calls without reasonable cause – Defendant unrepresented – Magistrate’s duty to ensure fair trial – Whether procedural error material

刑事法及訴訟程序 - 無合理因由而不斷打電話 - 被告人無律師代表 - 裁判官確保公平審訊

的責任 - 程序錯誤是否關鍵性 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108


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Criminal law & procedure – Criminal damage – Section 60(1) of the Crimes Ordinance (Cap 200)

Criminal law and procedure – At trial the magistrate suspected defendant had psychiatric problem and was unfit to be tried – Called for defendant’s psychiatric report during trial – Whether necessary to remand defendant in custody

Criminal law and procedure – Fair trial – How the magistrate should assist unrepresented defendant

Application for ex gratia compensation – Whether court should make a recommendation to the Government for ex gratia compensation to the Appellant during appeal

刑事法及訴訟程序─刑事損壞─香港法例第200章《刑事罪行條例》第60(1)條

刑事法及訴訟程序─於審訊期間裁判官懷疑被告人有精神問題而不適宜受審─於審訊期間

索取被告人的精神報告─是否需要將被告人還柙

刑事法及訴訟程序─公平審訊─裁判官應如何協助沒有律師代表的被告人

特惠賠償申請─法庭應否在處理上訴時向政府建議給予上訴人特惠賠償 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

FALLING OBJECTS

Criminal law and procedure – Dropping anything from building or allowing anything to fall from building, contrary to s 4B(1) of Summary Offences Ordinance (Cap 228) – Section 4B(1) created two distinct offences of (a) dropping something and (b) allowing something to fall – Offence (a) not one of strict liability

刑事法及訴訟程序—自建築物掉下任何東西或容許任何東西自建築物墜下—違反香港法例

第 228 章《簡易程序治罪條例》第 4B(1) 條 — 第 4B(1) 條訂立兩條不同罪行 (a) 掉下東西及

(b)容許東西墜下—罪行(a)並非是「嚴格責任」罪行 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

FORFEITURE

Criminal law and procedure – Costs of appeal – Costs of trial – Costs of bail pending appeal – Costs of stay application

Forfeiture order – S 102 of Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap 221)

刑事法及訴訟程序－上訴的訟費－審訊的訟費－申請保釋以等候上訴的訟費－申請擱置法

律程序的訟費

沒收令－香港法例第221章《刑事訴訟程序條例》第102條 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115


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FRAUD

Criminal law and procedure – Appeal by way of case stated – Fraud – Section 16A of the Theft Ordinance, Cap 210 – Whether magistrate had taken irrelevant considerations in finding defendant to be not dishonest

刑事法及訴訟程序 — 以案件呈述方式提出上訴 — 欺詐罪 — 《盜竊罪條例》 ( 第 210 章 ) 第

16A條—裁判官在裁定答辯人並無不誠實時，是否考慮了不相關的證供 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

FRESH EVIDENCE





121(1)條—「絕對法律責任」的罪行 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

HANDLING STOLEN GOODS

Criminal law & procedure – Handling stolen goods – Material misdirection on the application of s 29(3)(a) of the Theft Ordinance – Whether proviso should be applied

刑事法及訴訟程序—處理贓物罪—就《盜竊罪條例》第29(3)(a)條的應用作出重大的錯誤

指引—但書應否適用 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

IDENTIFICATION EVIDENCE

Evidence – Identification – Whether a person shown in still photographs taken from CCTV recording is the Applicant – For jury to compare with the Applicant who was sitting next to his counsel – Whether Turnbull direction necessary

Criminal law and procedure – Judge’s directions to jury – Co-conspirator’s evidence given under partial immunity to be approached with considerable caution

證據—辨認—從閉路電視錄影片段取得的硬照所顯示的人是否申請人—由陪審團將之與坐

在律師身旁的申請人加以比較—Turnbull指引是否必須

刑事法及訴訟程序—法官給予陪審團的指引—處理共同串謀者在獲局部豁免權下而作的證

供須相當審慎 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123


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IMMIGRATION

Criminal law and procedure – Conviction – Immigration offence – Conspiracy to obtain services by deception

刑事法及訴訟程序—定罪－入境罪行－串謀以欺騙手段取得服務 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

INCITEMENT







罪名成立 — 對定罪有致命性的影響 — 定罪不穩妥及有違原則 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

INDECENT ASSAULT

Criminal law and procedure – Indecent assault – Elements of intentional assault and indecency – Particular part of victim being touched far more relevant than the force with which victim was touched – Playful touching could also be indecent

刑事法及訴訟程序－猥褻侵犯－蓄意侵犯及猥褻行為的元素－受害人被觸摸的個別部位較

觸摸受害人的力度更具相關性－嬉戲式觸摸亦可以是猥褻行為 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Criminal law and procedure – “Indecent assault” and “unlawful sexual intercourse with a girl under the age of 16 years” – “Procurement by threats to do unlawful sexual act” – Victim’s diary improperly admitted as evidence – “Previous consistent statement” – Not “recent complaint” – Application of “proviso”

刑事法及訴訟程序—「猥褻侵犯」及「與16歲以下女童非法性交」—「以威脅手段促致他

人作非法的性行為」 — 受害人的日記不當地被接納為證供 — 「早前作出的一致陳述」

(previous consistent sta tement)—並非「新近投訴」 ( recent complaint) —行使「但書」

(proviso) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Criminal law and procedure – Indecent assault – Whether magistrate should allow the defence to demonstrate and whether such demonstration should be given any weight are two matters – Magistrate did


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not allow the defence to demonstrate – Defence deprived of the right to adduce evidence

Indecent assault – Magistrate placed excessive reliance on the demeanour of the victim in court – Conviction unsafe

刑事法及訴訟程序 - 猥褻侵犯 - 裁判官是否准許辯方作出示範與是否給這示範任何比重是

兩個問題 - 裁判官不准許辯方作出示範 - 剝奪了辯方舉證的權利

刑事法及訴訟程序 - 猥褻侵犯 - 裁判官過多依賴受害人在庭上的神情舉止 - 定罪不穩妥 . . . . . . . 131

Criminal law & procedure – Evidence – Offence of “Indecent assault” – Section 122(1) of the Crimes Ordinance (Cap 200) – Trial – Reasons for verdict – Kisses and hugs – Whether assault indecent – Acts per se neither indecent nor hostile – Notwithstanding victim’s embarrassment – Evidence insufficient to show victim not consenting

Evidence – “Indecent conduct towards a child under age of 16 years” – Section 146(1) of the Crimes Ordinance (Cap 200) – Trial – Reasons for verdict – Kisses and hugs – Circumstantial factors – Whether within definition of “gross indecency” under section 146

刑事法及訴訟程序— 證據— 「猥褻侵犯」罪— 香港法例第 200 章《刑事罪行條例》第

122(1) 條 —審訊—裁決理由—親吻及擁抱—侵犯是否猥褻—作為本身並非猥褻—亦非有

敵意—受害人雖感尷尬—但證據不足以顯示受害人不同意

證據—「向年齡16歲以下的兒童作出猥褻行為」罪—香港法例第200章《刑事罪行條例》

第146(1)條—審訊—裁決理由—親吻及擁抱—環境因素—是否符合第146條「嚴重猥褻」

的定義 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

INDICTMENT

Criminal sentencing – False imprisonment – Wounding – Entrapping former girlfriend in apartment for 9 hours and wounding her neck and chin with a cutter – Aggravating features –Repeated offender – Adverse psychological impact on victim – Appropriate sentence before mitigation should be 4½ years

Sentencing – Artificiality in separating the two offences in this case – Agreed facts in respect of previous convictions for offences of wounding the same victim should have been placed before sentencing judge in this case

刑事罪判刑－非法禁錮－傷人－在寓所禁錮前女友9小時並以刀傷其頸部及下巴－加重

刑罰因素－屢犯者－對受害人有不良心理影響－求情前的恰當刑罰應是4½年監禁

判刑－矯作地分開案中兩項罪行－應將與以往同一受害人的傷人案定罪有關的同意事實呈

交本案判刑法官考慮 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136


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Criminal law and procedure – Indictment – Charge of rape – Two sexual acts relied upon to support charge – Whether failed to distinguish between charged act and uncharged act – Whether two acts so proximate in nature as to constitute single act of rape, so that rule against use of uncharged act not engaged at all

刑事法及訴訟程序－公訴－強姦控罪－依賴兩項性行為去支持控罪－是否沒有區分被控告

的行為與不被控告的行為－兩項性行為的性質是否如此相近以致構成單一項強姦行為，因

而完全不涉及不許使用「不被控告的行為」的規則 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

INDUSTRIAL UNDERTAKINGS

Criminal law & procedure – Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance – Whether the Appellant was in direct control over the construction work – Whether more than one contractor could be in direct control

刑事法及訴訟程序－《工廠及工業經營條例》－上訴人是否直接控制建築工程－是否可

以多於一名承建商有直接控制 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Criminal law and procedure – Defendant charged with the offence under s 13 of the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (Cap 59) as a result of a commission of the offence under s 6A of the same Ordinance by another person not under the defendant’s employment – “Absolute liability” offence

刑事法及訴訟程序 - 被告人因另一並非其僱用的人犯香港法例第59章《工廠及工業經營條

例》第6A條所訂罪行而被控同一條例第13條所訂罪行 -「絕對法律責任」的罪行 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Criminal law and procedure – Being a contractor responsible for a construction site failed to take all reasonable steps to ensure that no workman remained on the site unless he was wearing a suitable safety helmet – Regulations 48(1), 68(1)(a) and 68(2)(b) of the Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations made under the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (Cap 59) – Absolute liability

刑事法及訴訟程序— 身為建築地盤的承建商沒有採取所有合理步驟確保如無配戴適當安全

頭盔的工人不得逗留在建築地盤內— 香港法例第59章《工廠及工業經營條例》規定的《建築

地盤(安全)規例》第48(1)、68(1)(a)及68(2)(b)條—絕對法律責任 ................................................ 144

Criminal law and procedure – Regulations 38B(1A) and 38AA(2) of Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations (Cap 59) – Definition of “direct control”

事法及訴訟程序 ─ 香港法例第 59 章《建築地盤 ( 安全 ) 規例》第 38B(1A) 及 38AA(2) 條 ─

「直接控制」之定義 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

JOINT TRIAL



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據－不同控罪應否同案審理 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

JUDGE’S DIRECTION

Evidence – Identification – Whether a person shown in still photographs taken from CCTV recording is the Applicant – For jury to compare with the Applicant who was sitting next to his counsel – Whether Turnbull direction necessary

Criminal law and procedure – Judge’s directions to jury – Co-conspirator’s evidence given under partial immunity to be approached with considerable caution

證據—辨認—從閉路電視錄影片段取得的硬照所顯示的人是否申請人—由陪審團將之與坐

在律師身旁的申請人加以比較—Turnbull指引是否必須

刑事法及訴訟程序—法官給予陪審團的指引—處理共同串謀者在獲局部豁免權下而作的證

供須相當審慎 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

JURY

Criminal law & procedure – Trial – Juror falling asleep – Whether defendant’s failure to draw trial judge's attention to this precluded him from raising this issue as ground of appeal

刑事法及訴訟程序—審訊—陪審員睡着—應否因被告人沒有促使原審法官注意此事而阻止

其提出此事作為上訴理由 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Criminal law and procedure – Discharge a juror and continue the trial or discharge the entire jury and start afresh – A matter of trial judge’s discretion

Criminal law and procedure – “Uncharged acts” – In the context of the whole evidence – To set the scene and explain the relationship between the complainant and offender only – Objection to cross-examination is misconceived

Criminal law and procedure – Request/question from the jury – Communication between the jury and the judge must be read out in court

刑事法及訴訟程序─解除一名陪審員的職責然後繼續審訊或解散整個陪審團然後重新開始

─屬原審法官行使酌情權決定的事宜

刑事法及訴訟程序─「不被控告的行為」─從整體證據來看─純粹作背景說明從而解釋申

訴人與罪犯之間的關係─反對盤問是基於錯誤理解

刑事法及訴訟程序─陪審團的要求/問題─陪審團與法官之間的通訊須在庭上讀出 ...... 157


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LETTER OF REQUEST










例》第7(2)條


否構成重大不當之處 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

LIES

Criminal law & procedure – Murder – Trial – Reasons for Verdict – Whether trial judge failed to give proper directions on ‘mixed statement’ and ‘lies’ – Whether conviction rendered unsafe

刑事法及訴訟程序 — 謀殺 — 審訊 — 裁決理由 — 主審法官是否沒有就「混合口供」及「謊

言」作出適當指引—是否令定罪不穩妥 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162






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MAGISTRATE

Criminal law & procedure – Evasion of liability by deception – Meaning of “legally enforceable liability” under s 18B(2) of the Theft Ordinance (Cap 210) – Delay by magistrate in serving a statement of findings under s 114(b) of the Magistrates Ordinance (Cap 227)

刑事法及訴訟程序 — 以欺騙手段逃避法律責任 — 香港法例第 210 章《盜竊罪條例》第

18B(2)條所指「可依法強制執行的法律責任」的涵義—裁判官延誤根據香港法例第227章

《裁判官條例》第114(b)條送達裁斷陳述書 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Conviction – Claiming to be a member of triad society – Section 20(2) of the Societies Ordinance – Not “strict liability” offence – To make the claim consciously – Essence of offence being “claiming” and not “claiming to cause alarm”

Criminal law and procedure – Duty of trial magistrate to maintain dignity and order of court – Magistrate must try the case fairly – Prosecution submitted judgment of a case involving the name of the Appellant – Possible prejudicial effect – Magistrate should have especially warned himself to exclude prejudicial effect of such information lest fairness of trial be affected

Evidence – Reliability of evidence from main prosecution witness doubted by judge in another case (originating from same undercover operation) – Another judge or magistrate might not accept all such similar evidence beyond reasonable doubt – Whether safety of conviction affected

刑事法－聲稱是三合會社團的成員罪－《社團條例》第20(2)條－並非是「嚴格責任」

的罪行－有意識下的聲稱－控罪要素是「聲稱」不是「聲稱而令人受驚」

刑事法及訴訟程序－主審裁判官有責任去維持法庭的尊嚴及秩序－裁判官必須持平審訊

－控方在陳詞時呈上一份涉及上訴人名字的案例－可能引起偏見的後果－裁判官應特

別提醒自己須排除相關訊息的不當影響，否則會影響審訊的公平性

證據－控方主要證人證供內容的可靠性被另一案件 (源自同一卧底調查行動 )的法官質疑

－其他法官或裁判官未必能在無合理疑點下全盤接受類似的證供－有否影響到定罪的穩

妥性 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166






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罪名成立 — 對定罪有致命性的影響 — 定罪不穩妥及有違原則 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Criminal Law and Procedure – Appeal by way of case stated – Magistrate required to set out the basis on which he acted and came to the verdict

Criminal Law and Procedure – Deputy magistrate declined to be reappointed – whether this amounts to “absence” within the meaning of s 118(1)(f) of Magistrates Ordinance Cap 227

刑事法及訴訟程序－以案件呈述方式上訴－裁判官須列明其行事和達成裁決的理據

刑事法及訴訟程序－暫委裁判官拒絕再接受委任－這情況是否足以構成香港法例第227章

《裁判官條例》第118(1)(f)條所指的「缺席」 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Magistrate giving reasons - Time within which magistrate to make a statement of findings for purposes of appeal - Section 114(b) of Magistrates Ordinance - In giving reasons, magistrate not duty-bound to deal with each and every difference in the evidence

裁判官給予理由－裁判官為上訴而作出裁斷陳述書的時限－《裁判官條例》第114(b)條－

裁判官在給予理由時並沒有職責處理證據上所有的分歧 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Criminal law and procedure – Theft – Magistrate in private conducted demonstration or experiment relating to evidence – Defence deprived of right to follow up – Procedural irregularity constituted – Conviction unsafe

刑事法及訴訟程序 — 盜竊罪 — 裁判官私底下進行證據的示範或實驗 — 剝奪辯方跟進的權

利—構成程序上的失誤—定罪不穩妥 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

MANSLAUGHTER

Manslaughter – Defendant, driver of heavy goods truck, wrongly drove into the opposite lane and collided with taxi, killing taxi driver & 5 taxi passengers – At the time of offence Defendant’s alcohol concentration significantly exceeded prescribed limit – At trial Defendant prepared to plead guilty to dangerous driving causing death but, following statement made by the judge that sentences following guilty plea to manslaughter or to dangerous driving causing death would not be different, Defendant pleaded guilty to manslaughter – Whether 6 years’ imprisonment manifestly inadequate – Whether, notwithstanding inadequacy of sentence, it would be wrong in principle to allow review of sentence in light of representations made by judge

誤殺－被告人是重型貨車司機，錯誤駛進對面行車線而與的士相撞，導致的士司機及5名

的士乘客死亡－被告人在案發時酒精濃度嚴重超過訂明限度－被告人在審訊時準備承認危

險駕駛引致他人死亡，但因法官表示承認誤殺後的刑罰與承認危險駕駛引致他人死亡後施

加的刑罰沒有分別，故此被告人承認誤殺－6年監禁是否明顯不足－儘管刑期不足，但鑑

於法官所作的陳述，准許覆核判刑是否原則上錯誤 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176


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MENTAL HEALTH ORDINANCE

Bail pending Sentence – Remand for Psychiatric Report under s 51 of the Mental Health Ordinance (Cap 136) – Application of s 83Z of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap 221)

申請保釋以等候判刑─根據香港法例第136章《精神健康條例》第51條還押以索取精神科

醫生報告─香港法例第221章《刑事訴訟程序條例》第83Z條適用 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

MISCONDUCT IN PUBLIC OFFICE



據－不同控罪應否同案審理 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

MIXED STATEMENT




MONEY LAUNDERING

Criminal law & procedure – Money laundering – Elements of offence – Mens rea comprises both objective and subjective elements – Whether trial judge ignored the need to prove subjective element – Whether trial judge failed to properly apply the hypothetical ‘reasonable man’ test – Whether evidence sufficient to support an irresistible inference that the defendants had the necessary mens rea

刑事法及訴訟程序—洗黑錢—罪行要素—犯罪意圖包含客觀及主觀兩項要素—原審法官是

否忽略證明主觀要素的需要—原審法官是否沒有恰當地應用假設的「合理的人」這驗證標

準—證據是否足以支持各被告人有所需犯罪意圖的不可抗拒推論 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Criminal law and procedure – Dealing with property known or believed to represent proceeds of indictable offence – Defendant charged with dealing with money allegedly representing proceeds of unlawful gambling at casinos run by defendant in Myanmar – Whether unlawfulness of gambling in Myanmar established – Whether reasonable grounds for belief shown

刑事法訴訟程序—處理已知道或相信為代表從可公訴罪行的得益的財產—被告人被控處理

的款項，據稱為代表被告人在緬甸經營賭場的非法賭博得益 — 有否確立緬甸賭博的合法

性—是否顯示有合理理由相信 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187


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MURDER

Criminal law & procedure – Murder – Victim killed by group of defendants in course of gang fight – Refusal to allow application by defendant of “no case to answer” on the basis that it would be a fight without weapons – Whether material error – Whether trial judge failed to give adequate or proper directions as to “withdrawal” from joint enterprise

刑事法及訴訟程序－謀殺－受害人在集體打鬥中被殺－拒絕被告人以打鬥不會用武器為理

由申請「無須答辯」－是否重大錯誤－原審法官是否沒有就「退出」共同犯罪計劃作出充

分或適當指引 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Criminal law & procedure – Murder – Summing-up – Diminished responsibility – Psychosis induced by long-term ketamine consumption – Drug/alcohol dependency syndrome – Irresistible impulse to consume drug/alcohol constituting abnormality of mind caused by disease or illness – Whether trial judge’s direction on diminished responsibility adequate – Failure to leave the possibility of an irresistible impulse as a separate basis in itself for the defence of diminished responsibility – Material non-direction – Manslaughter verdict substituted

刑事法及訴訟程序－謀殺－總結－減責神志失常－長期服用氯胺酮引致的精神病－藥物 /酒

精倚賴綜合症－不可抗拒在衝動下服用藥物 /酒精構成由疾病或患病所引起的神志失常－法

官就減責神志失常所作的指引是否足夠－沒有容許「不可抗拒的衝動」本身可作為減責神

志失常的獨立辯護理據－沒有作出指引是具關鍵性的－裁決改判誤殺 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Criminal law and procedure – Murder – Duty of trial judge to summarize issues and evidence relating to the issues clearly, accurately and fairly to the jury

刑事法及訴訟程序—謀殺—原審法官有責任向陪審團清楚準確並公平地撮述各爭論點及與

該等爭論點有關的證據 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

NUISANCE NOTICE

Criminal law and procedure – Offence of non-compliance with Nuisance Notice – Section 127 of the Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance (Cap 132) – Legislative intent and purpose – The person who has the exclusive use, occupation or enjoyment of any part of the building has a duty to maintain that part – Service of Nuisance Notice and its validity

刑事法及訴訟程序 —不遵從妨擾事故通知規定罪—《公眾衞生及市政條例》 (第132章 )第

127條—條例的立法原意及目的—擁有建築物任何部份的使用、佔用或享用權的人就該部

份的維修責任—妨擾事故通知的送達及有效性 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194


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OUTRAGING PUBLIC DECENCY

Criminal law & procedure – Committing an act outraging public decency – Posting a very disgusting message on internet forum – Whether internet forum capable of constituting a “place” or “premises” in the offence of “outraging public decency” – Whether “a place” restricted to “a physical place” – Whether the message posted by the Appellant constituted an act “outraging public decency”

刑事法及訴訟程序—作出有違公德行為—於互聯網聊天室張貼令人覺得非常厭惡的留言—

網上聊天室可否構成干犯「有違公德」罪的「地方」或「處所」—「地方」應否僅局限於

「實質的地方」(a physical p lace)—上訴人張貼的信息可否構成「違反公德」的行為 . . . . . . . . . 196

POISON

Possession of Chinese herbal medicine in Schedule 1 – Sections 110 and 156 of the Chinese Medicine Ordinance – Statutory defence reversing burden of proof to the defendant inconsistent with presumption of innocence

管有附表 1 的中藥材─《中醫藥條例》第110條及第156條─免責辯解將舉證責任轉嫁給

被告人，不符合無罪假定 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

PROSECUTOR’S DUTY

Disclosure – Prosecutor’s duty to assist and answer defence questions where he could – Whether fair trial denied

披露—檢控官有責任在能力範圍內提供協助和回答辯方問題—是否沒有獲得公平訊審 . . . . . . . . . . 202

PROVISO

Criminal law & procedure – Handling stolen goods – Material misdirection on the application of s 29(3)(a) of the Theft Ordinance – Whether proviso should be applied

刑事法及訴訟程序—處理贓物罪—就《盜竊罪條例》第29(3)(a)條的應用作出重大的錯誤

指引—但書應否適用 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

RAPE

Rape – Legal principle of genuine belief – Direction on genuine belief must be assessed in light of background and facts of case – Legal principle of raising evidence on complainant’s credibility – Complainant’s credibility being the core issue in sexual offence cases – Court should have allowed the evidence on complainant’s credibility to be raised


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強姦罪─真實相信的法律原則─真實相信的指引必須以案件的背景和案情來衡量─提出關乎投訴人誠

信的證據的法律原則─投訴人誠信是性罪行案件的核心問題─法庭應該容許提出關乎投訴人誠信的

證據 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 206









方同意－有否向陪審團公平和徹底地提出辯方論據 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Criminal law and procedure – Indictment – Charge of rape – Two sexual acts relied upon to support charge – Whether failed to distinguish between charged act and uncharged act – Whether two acts so proximate in nature as to constitute single act of rape, so that rule against use of uncharged act not engaged at all

刑事法及訴訟程序－公訴－強姦控罪－依賴兩項性行為去支持控罪－是否沒有區分被控告

的行為與不被控告的行為－兩項性行為的性質是否如此相近以致構成單一項強姦行為，因

而完全不涉及不許使用「不被控告的行為」的規則 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Criminal law and procedure – Whether failure to put part of client’s instructions to prosecution witness amounts to flagrant incompetence of counsel – Whether direction on genuine but mistaken belief required

刑事法及訴訟程序—未有向控方證人指出部份當事人的指示是否構成大律師明顯失職—是

否需要作出錯誤但真實信念的指引 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

REASONS



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例》第7(2)條


否構成重大不當之處 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Magistrate giving reasons - Time within which magistrate to make a statement of findings for purposes of appeal - Section 114(b) of Magistrates Ordinance - In giving reasons, magistrate not duty-bound to deal with each and every difference in the evidence

裁判官給予理由－裁判官為上訴而作出裁斷陳述書的時限－《裁判官條例》第114(b)條－

裁判官在給予理由時並沒有職責處理證據上所有的分歧 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

REVIEW OF SENTENCE








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RIGHT OF SILENCE





ROAD TRAFFIC







Road Traffic Ordinance – Being a person driving a motor vehicle on a road – Failed to produce driving licence for examination as required by police officer – Police officer required Appellant to produce driving licence under s 43(1)(a) of the Ordinance – Whether there was legal basis for that requirement

《道路交通條例》－身為在道路上駕駛私家車的人－在警務人員要求下沒有出示其駕駛執

照以供檢查－警員根據條例第43(1)(a)條要求上訴人出示其駕駛執照－是否有法律基礎 . . . . . . . 225

Conviction – Careless driving – Whether driver should slow down within the zigzag lines of zebra-controlled area – Depending on particular circumstances of the case – Standard required of a driver by court

定罪－不小心駕駛－斑馬線控制區「之」字線內應否減速－須按實際情况而定－法庭對駕

駛者的要求 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226



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121(1)條—「絕對法律責任」的罪行 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

SENTENCE (QUANTUM)

Buggery

Application for leave to appeal against sentence – Unlawful sexual intercourse with girl under 16 – Buggery with girl under 21 – Important considerations in sentencing

判刑上訴許可申請 - 與16歲以下女童非法性交罪 - 與21歲以下女童肛交罪 - 判刑重要考

慮因素 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Burglary

Criminal Sentencing – Burglary – Conspiracy to steal – Handling stolen goods – Aggravating factors – Whether the sentences imposed manifestly excessive

刑事罪判刑 —入屋犯法罪—串謀偷竊罪—處理贓物罪—加重刑罰的因素—判刑是否明顯過

重 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Criminal Intimidation

Criminal sentencing – Criminal intimidation – Section 24(a)(ii) of the Crimes Ordinance (Cap 200) – Appellant threatened victim by saying he would sent her nude photographs to her boyfriend if she refused to have “compensated dating” with him for free – Whether starting point of 18 months manifestly excessive – “Dashed hope” factor – Lack of positively good character

刑事罪判刑 —刑事恐嚇—香港法例第200章《刑事罪行條例》第24(a)( i i )條—申請人威脅

受害人稱若她不與他免費「援交」，他會將她的裸照傳送給她的男友—18個月的量刑起點

是否明顯過重—「希望粉碎」因素—無正面良好品格 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Dangerous Drugs

Criminal sentencing – Trafficking in dangerous drugs – Trafficking outside a methadone clinic is to be regarded as a very grave aggravation of the offence

刑事罪判刑－販運危險藥物－在美沙酮診所外販運危險藥物須視為該罪行的一項十分嚴重

的加刑因素 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238


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Criminal sentencing – Drug manufacturing most serious of all drug-related offences – Drug manufacturing and doing an act preparatory to manufacturing a dangerous drug are viewed with similar seriousness and should attract similar sentences

刑事罪判刑—在所有危險藥物相關罪行中以製造危險藥物為最嚴重—製造危險藥物與作出

準備製造危險藥物的作為在嚴重程度上兩者視為相若並應判處相若刑罰 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Criminal sentencing – Trafficking in dangerous drugs – 12.85 gms of "Ice" – Defendant exported drugs from Hong Kong to Macau – Where defendant intended to use drugs for self-consumption, wrong to impose sentence on basis of possession for self-use and then enhance sentence by reason of defendant exporting drugs

刑事罪判刑－販運危險藥物－12.85克“冰”－被告人將毒品從香港出口往澳門－若毒品是

被告人擬供自用，則以管有毒品供自用為基礎定出刑罰後再以被告人出口毒品為理由加刑

是錯誤的 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Criminal sentencing – Possession of dangerous drugs – Whether the latent risk sentencing principle is unconstitutional

刑事罪判刑－管有危險藥物－潛在風險判刑原則是否違憲 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Criminal sentencing – Conspiracy to traffic in a dangerous drug – Criminal agreement went beyond the single instance of trafficking discovered by the police – Culpability of parties to the agreement was much greater – Starting point higher than that which would have been based on the total weight of narcotics seized was justified

刑事罪判刑 - 串謀販運危險藥物 - 犯罪協議不限於警方偵破的單一次販運事件 - 協議各方

有較大刑責 - 量刑起點高於以檢獲毒品總重量作為計算基礎的量刑起點是有理據的 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Criminal sentencing – Conspiracy to traffic in a dangerous drug – Aggravating factors

刑事罪判刑—串謀販運危險藥物—加重刑罰的因素 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Driving under Influence of Drugs

Criminal sentencing – Driving motor vehicle under influence of drugs – Inhaling dangerous drugs on two occasions – Defendant taxi driver consumed ketamine before starting to drive – Second occasion occurred whilst defendant on bail in respect of first occasion – Defendant's conduct indicated deliberate and blatant disregard for public safety – Drug-driving problem increasingly prevalent – Whether total sentence of 18 months' imprisonment and two-year disqualification manifestly inadequate

刑事罪判刑－在藥物影響下駕駛汽車－兩次吸服危險藥物－被告人是的士司機－在開始駕

駛前服用氯胺酮－被告人在第一次的保釋期間犯第二次－被告人的行為顯示蓄意並公然罔

顧公眾安全－藥物駕駛的問題愈趨普遍－總共監禁18個月及取消駕駛資格2年是否明顯不

足 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244


(xxxvii)

Failure to Provide Breath Specimen

Criminal sentencing – Failure to provide a specimen of breath (s 39B(2) and (6), Road Traffic Ordinance (Cap 374)) – Whether the sentences of a fine of $5,000, a disqualification order for 12 months and the attendance of a driving improvement course manifestly inadequate and/or wrong in principle – Non-custodial sentence normally imposed on a first time offender where no one injured and no evidence of serious impairment due to intoxication – Custodial sentence falls within permissible range where there is evidence of serious impairment resulting from intoxication

Criminal sentencing – No one is accorded favour because of wealth or connections – No extra punishment to defendant from privileged background simply to make sure it cannot possibly be said that such a person is being favoured

刑事罪判刑 — 沒有提供呼氣樣本（香港法例第 374 章《道路交通條例》第 39B(2) 及 (6)

條）—罰款5,000元、取消駕駛資格12個月及修習駕駛改進課程的判刑是否明顯不足及 /或

原則上錯誤—如無人受傷亦無證據顯示因神智不清而嚴重損害能力，則初犯者通常被判處

非監禁刑罰—如有證據顯示神智不清引致嚴重能力受損，則監禁刑罰屬可容許的範疇之內

刑事罪判刑—無人因財富或關係可獲得優待—不會純粹為確保免被指責優待來自有特權背

景的被告人而對該人施加額外懲罰 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

False Imprisonment






交本案判刑法官考慮 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Criminal sentencing – False imprisonment – Indecent assault – Multiple offences - One transaction rule only a practical working rule, not a rule of law – Importance of totality principle – Emphasis on reflecting offender’s overall culpability – Old age on its own not a mitigating factor – Effect of sexual assaults on victim - Victim impact statement not required

刑事罪判刑－非法禁錮－猥褻侵犯－多項罪行－「同一事件」的原則只是實際做法而不是

法律規則－整體量刑原則的重要性－重點在於反映罪犯的整體罪責－高齡本身不是減刑因

素－性侵犯對受害人的影響－無須受害人所受影響的評估報告 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249


(xxxviii)

Handling Stolen Goods

Criminal Sentencing – Burglary – Conspiracy to steal – Handling stolen goods – Aggravating factors – Whether the sentences imposed manifestly excessive

刑事罪判刑 —入屋犯法罪—串謀偷竊罪—處理贓物罪—加重刑罰的因素—判刑是否明顯過

重 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Immigration

Criminal sentencing – Assisting passage to Hong Kong of unauthorized entrants – Endangering safety of others at sea – Being person in charge of sampan, failing to stop as required by light signal displayed by police vessel – Applicant coxswain of motorized sampan which carried 8 unauthorized entrants – Sampan not equipped with fire-fighting or life-saving equipment – Whilst being pursued by police vessel, Applicant manoeuvred sampan into path of police vessel

刑事罪判刑－協助未獲授權進境者前來香港的旅程－在海上危及他人的安全－身為掌管在

航舢舨的人，沒有按水警小艇展示燈號的要求停船－申請人是載有8名未獲授權進境者的

機動舢舨的船長－舢舨沒有裝設滅火器具或救生裝置－被水警小艇追逐時，申請人將舢舨

駛入水警小艇的航道 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Criminal Sentencing – Concurrent/consecutive sentences – Remaining in Hong Kong without the authority of the Director after having landed unlawfully (s 38(1)(b) of Immigration Ordinance) and possession of false document intended for use for the purposes of Immigration Ordinance (ss 42(2)(c)(ii) and 42(4) of Immigration Ordinance)

刑事罪判刑－刑期同期 /分期執行－在非法入境後未得處長授權而留在香港罪(《入境條

例》第 38(1)(b) 條 ) 及管有意圖為入境條例的目的而使用的虛假的文件罪 (《入境條例》

第 42(2)(c)( i i )及42(4) 條) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Criminal sentencing – Immigration offence - Conspiracy to obtain services by deception

刑事罪判刑－入境罪行－串謀以欺騙手段取得服務 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Indecent Assault

Criminal sentencing – Indecent assault – Touching the complainant’s buttocks – Being playful not necessarily renders the touch less than highly offensive

刑事罪判刑－猥褻侵犯－觸摸投訴人的臀部－即使是嬉戲式觸摸未必絶不令人高度反感 . . . . . . 258

Criminal sentencing – Indecent assault – Taxi driver indecently assaulted a drunken passenger

刑事罪判刑—猥褻侵犯—的士司機猥褻侵犯醉酒乘客 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258


(xxxix)

Criminal sentencing – indecent assault – community values

刑事罪判刑—猥褻侵犯 —社會價值觀 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Criminal sentencing – Aiding, abetting, counselling and procuring the making of child pornography – Criminal intimidation - Indecent assault – Misuse of the internet by older man to seek and groom victims who are vulnerable and immature – Need to protect the young and the vulnerable – Deterrent sentence required

刑事罪判刑－協助、教唆、慫使和促致製作兒童色情物品－刑事恐嚇－猥褻侵犯－年長男

子利用互聯網作不當用途，藉此搜尋並結識易受傷害及未成熟的受害人以發展性關係－需

要保護年輕人及易受傷害者－須判處阻嚇性刑罰 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260





Manslaughter

Review of sentence – Whether probation order sufficient sentence for manslaughter – Whether exceptional circumstances justifying non-custodial sentence

覆核刑罰—誤殺罪判處感化令是否足夠的刑罰—特殊情況是否足以支持判處非監禁刑罰 . . . . . . 263

Criminal sentencing – Manslaughter – Diminished responsibility – Drug dependency syndrome – Irresistible urge to consume ketamine – Psychosis induced by long-term ketamine consumption – Damage to the mind brought about by conduct of the accused himself – Proper sentencing approach

刑事罪刑罰—誤殺—減責神志失常—藥物倚賴綜合症—在不可抗拒的衝動下服用氯胺酮—

長期服用氯胺酮引發的精神病—被告自己的行為帶來精神損害—適當的量刑方法 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Criminal sentencing – Manslaughter - Whether the judge erred in drawing no distinction for sentencing purposes between D1 and the Applicants

刑事罪判刑－誤殺－法官沒有為判刑目的而將第一被告人與申請人予以區分是否犯錯 . . . . . . . . . . 267

Money Laundering

Review of sentence – “Money Laundering” – Aggravating features

刑期覆核—“洗黑錢罪”—加重罪責因素 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269


(xl)

Criminal sentencing – Money laundering of $3 million proceeds of letter of credit frauds over 2 years – Aged defendants – Limited level of participation – 12 months’ imprisonment after trial not excessive

刑事罪判刑—在兩年間清洗300萬元的信用證欺詐罪行得益—年老的被告人—參與程度有

限—審訊後被判監禁12個月並非過重 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Criminal sentencing – Conspiracy to live on earnings of prostitution of others – “Money laundering” offence – Offences connected on the facts – Totality of sentence

刑事判刑─串謀依靠他人賣淫的收入為生─“洗黑錢”罪─控罪在事實方面有關連─總刑期 . . . 272

Criminal law & procedure – Sentencing – Money Laundering – Bookmaking was the underlying offence

刑事法及訴訟程序－判刑－洗黑錢－收受賭注為有關的基礎罪行 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Murder

Criminal sentencing – Murder – Defendants killed victim in course of gang fight – Defendants aged between 15 and 18 – Whether sentences imposed manifestly excessive

刑事罪判刑－謀殺－被告人在集體打鬥中殺死受害人－被告人15至18歲－判刑是否明顯過

重 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Obscene Articles

Criminal sentencing – Disparity of sentence – Possession of obscene articles for the purpose of publication – s 21(1)(b) of Control of Obscene and Indecent Articles Ordinance

刑事罪判刑 – 判刑上的差異 – 管有淫褻物品以供發布 –《淫褻及不雅物品管制條例》第

21(1)(b)條 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Theft of “Incense Tree”

Criminal sentencing – Applicant and three other mainlanders cutting tree – Theft of wood blocks of “incense tree” of the endangered species Aquilaria sinensis – Value, quantity or weight not the only considerations – Different considerations where stolen property involved protected endangered species – Injury to the protected flora – Starting point of three years for theft of “incense tree” by mainlanders cannot be faulted

刑事罪判刑－申請人與其他3名內地人砍伐樹木－偷取瀕危物種Aquilar ia sinensis「牙香

樹」樹木－價植、數量或重量並非唯一考慮因素－贓物如涉及受保護瀕危物種有不同的考

慮因素－損害受保護植物－以3年為量刑起點判處偷取「牙香樹」的內地人並無犯錯 . . . . . . . . . . . 278


(xli)

Town Planning

Sentence – Failure to comply with Enforcement Notice of the Planning Department – Section 23(6) of the Town Planning Ordinance (Cap 131) – Whether fines (ranging from $30,000 to $100,000) manifestly excessive or contrary to principle

刑罰─沒有遵從規劃署強制執行通知書─香港法例第 131 章《城市規劃條例》第23(6)條─

罰款金額 ($30,000至$100,000不等)是否明顯過重或違反原則 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Trafficking in Dangerous Drug

Criminal law & procedure – Sentencing – Attempting to traffic in a dangerous drug – Trafficked in substance thought to be 39.5g ICE – Harm created by advancement of the culture and of the business of trafficking in dangerous drugs – Substantial degree of criminality by reason of the mens rea – Significant part of sentencing aim is deterrence - Sentence of 4 years’ imprisonment appropriate

刑事法及訴訟程序－判刑－企圖販運危險藥物－販運誤以為是39.5克冰的物質－助長販毒

歪風及活動所造成的害處－因犯罪意圖而刑責程度嚴重－判刑目的之主要部分是阻嚇作用

－判處4年監禁屬恰當 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Appeal against sentence – Unlawful trafficking in 7.22 grammes of “ice” – Pleading self-use as mitigation – More than half for self-use – Multiple similar convictions – Whether 10% reduction sufficient – Considerations for range of reductions

判刑上訴—非法販運7.22克“冰”毒—以自用為求請理由—超過一半為自用—多次同類犯罪

記錄—10% 的減刑幅度是否足夠—減刑幅度考慮的因素 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

USI

Application for leave to appeal against sentence – Unlawful sexual intercourse with girl under 16 – Buggery with girl under 21 – Important considerations in sentencing

判刑上訴許可申請 - 與16歲以下女童非法性交罪 - 與21歲以下女童肛交罪 - 判刑重要考

慮因素 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Vice

Criminal sentencing – Conspiracy to live on earnings of prostitution of others – “Money laundering” offence – Offences connected on the facts – Totality of sentence

刑事判刑─串謀依靠他人賣淫的收入為生─“洗黑錢”罪─控罪在事實方面有關連─總刑期 . . . 287


(xlii)

SENTENCE (PRINCIPLES)

Dashed Hope

Criminal sentencing – Criminal intimidation – Section 24(a)(ii) of the Crimes Ordinance (Cap 200) – Appellant threatened victim by saying he would sent her nude photographs to her boyfriend if she refused to have “compensated dating” with him for free – Whether starting point of 18 months manifestly excessive – “Dashed hope” factor – Lack of positively good character

刑事罪判刑 —刑事恐嚇—香港法例第200章《刑事罪行條例》第24(a)( i i )條—申請人威脅

受害人稱若她不與他免費「援交」，他會將她的裸照傳送給她的男友—18個月的量刑起點

是否明顯過重—「希望粉碎」因素—無正面良好品格 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

Deterrence

Criminal law & procedure – Sentencing – Attempting to traffic in a dangerous drug – Trafficked in substance thought to be 39.5g ICE – Harm created by advancement of the culture and of the business of trafficking in dangerous drugs – Substantial degree of criminality by reason of the mens rea – Significant part of sentencing aim is deterrence - Sentence of 4 years’ imprisonment appropriate

刑事法及訴訟程序－判刑－企圖販運危險藥物－販運誤以為是39.5克冰的物質－助長販毒

歪風及活動所造成的害處－因犯罪意圖而刑責程度嚴重－判刑目的之主要部分是阻嚇作用

－判處4年監禁屬恰當 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Disparity of Sentence

Criminal sentencing – Disparity of sentence – Possession of obscene articles for the purpose of publication – s 21(1)(b) of Control of Obscene and Indecent Articles Ordinance

刑事罪判刑 – 判刑上的差異 – 管有淫褻物品以供發布 –《淫褻及不雅物品管制條例》第

21(1)(b)條 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

International Element

Criminal sentencing – Immigration offence - Conspiracy to obtain services by deception

刑事罪判刑－入境罪行－串謀以欺騙手段取得服務 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Criminal sentencing – Theft – Coming to Hong Kong as a group to steal a diamond at an international jewellery show - Appropriateness to enhance the sentence by 50% under OSCO due to planning and international element involved

Criminal sentencing – Theft – Giving effect to aggravating features of the offence without recourse to OSCO – International element, planning and offence committed by several persons


(xliii)

刑事罪判刑－盜竊罪－集體來港在國際珠寶展偷竊一枚鑽石－因有計劃部署並涉及國際犯

罪元素而根據《有組織及嚴重罪行條例》加刑百分之五十是否恰當

刑事罪判刑－盜竊罪－沒有訴諸《有組織及嚴重罪行條例》但使罪行的加重刑罰因素有效

－國際犯罪元素、有計劃部署及多人犯案 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Mitigating Factors





Totality





Victim Impact





Young and Vulnerable Vicitms

Criminal sentencing – Aiding, abetting, counselling and procuring the making of child pornography – Criminal intimidation - Indecent assault – Misuse of the internet by older man to seek and groom victims who are vulnerable and immature – Need to protect the young and the vulnerable – Deterrent sentence required


(xliv)

刑事罪判刑－協助、教唆、慫使和促致製作兒童色情物品－刑事恐嚇－猥褻侵犯－年長男

子利用互聯網作不當用途，藉此搜尋並結識易受傷害及未成熟的受害人以發展性關係－需

要保護年輕人及易受傷害者－須判處阻嚇性刑罰 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

SENTENCING BASIS

Criminal sentencing – Trafficking in dangerous drugs – 12.85 gms of "Ice" – Defendant exported drugs from Hong Kong to Macau – Where defendant intended to use drugs for self-consumption, wrong to impose sentence on basis of possession for self-use and then enhance sentence by reason of defendant exporting drugs

刑事罪判刑－販運危險藥物－12.85克“冰”－被告人將毒品從香港出口往澳門－若毒品是

被告人擬供自用，則以管有毒品供自用為基礎定出刑罰後再以被告人出口毒品為理由加刑

是錯誤的 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306






交本案判刑法官考慮 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Criminal Sentencing – Concurrent/consecutive sentences – Remaining in Hong Kong without the authority of the Director after having landed unlawfully (s 38(1)(b) of Immigration Ordinance) and possession of false document intended for use for the purposes of Immigration Ordinance (ss 42(2)(c)(ii) and 42(4) of Immigration Ordinance)

刑事罪判刑－刑期同期 /分期執行－在非法入境後未得處長授權而留在香港罪(《入境條

例》第 38(1)(b) 條 ) 及管有意圖為入境條例的目的而使用的虛假的文件罪 (《入境條例》

第 42(2)(c)( i i )及42(4) 條) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

Criminal law and procedure – Application for leave to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal against sentence – Leave granted only in “extremely rare and utterly exceptional circumstances” – Whether the basis for sentencing infringed Applicant’s right to silence

刑事法及訴訟程序—針對刑罰向終審法院申請上訴許可—只在「極為罕見及完全例外的情

況」下才給予許可—判刑理據有否侵犯申請人的緘默權 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310


(xlv)

Criminal sentencing – Rape – Guideline judgments are intended to assist the judge to arrive at the correct sentence only and do not purport to identify the correct sentence

Criminal sentencing – Rape – Absence of additional aggravating features – Does not mitigate the gravity of the offender’s conduct

Criminal sentencing – Rape – No suggestion that rape of a girl or woman in a place familiar to her is less serious than rape elsewhere

Criminal sentencing – Offender entitled to know the factual basis upon which he is being sentenced – Where there exists a report placed before the judge – Copy of the report should have been made available to the offender

刑事罪判刑─強姦─具指引性的判決只是擬協助法官達致正確的判刑，其本意並非指出正

確的判刑

刑事罪判刑─強姦─沒有額外的加重刑罰因素─不會減輕罪犯的行為嚴重性

刑事罪判刑─強姦─並非指婦女在熟悉地方被強姦較在其他地方被強姦嚴重性為低

刑事罪判刑─罪犯有權知道判刑所依據的事實基礎─如有報告呈交法官考慮─罪犯須獲提

供報告副本 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

STAY OF PROCEEDINGS

Criminal law & procedure – Conviction following guilty plea – Prior unsuccessful application by the Appellant to permanently stay proceedings by reason of a deliberate infringement by ICAC of the co-defendant’s legal professional privilege – Whether abuse of process and deprivation of fair trial – Whether conviction unsafe or unsatisfactory – Whether error in refusing to stay proceedings so overriding as to be inconsistent with due administration of justice

刑事法及訴訟程序—認罪後被定罪—上訴人之前以廉政公署蓄意侵犯同案被告人的法律專

業保密權為理由申請永久擱置法律程序而不成功 — 是否濫用法律程序和剝奪公平審訊機

會—定罪是否不穩妥或不令人滿意—錯誤拒絕擱置法律程序是否凌駕一切以致與正當司法

相悖 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

SUBSTITUTION OF VERDICT

Criminal law & procedure – Whether the trial judge entitled to convict on a basis different from the case advanced by the prosecution without affording the defence an opportunity to make submissions – Whether there was a fair trial in the circumstances

Criminal law & procedure – Substitution of verdict under s 83A CPO – Conditions to be satisfied


(xlvi)

刑事法及訴訟程序—主審法官是否有權在沒有給予辯方機會作出陳詞下基於有別於控方所

提的案情定罪—在此情況下審訊是否公平

刑事法及訴訟程序—根據《刑事訴訟程序條例》第83A條取代裁決—須符合的條件 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

SUMMING UP

Criminal law & procedure – Prosecution witness gave evidence via live television link – Witness had acted in dual capacity of accomplice and police informer – “Witness in fear” within meaning of s 79B of Criminal Procedure Ordinance – Whether judge correct in allowing live television link – Whether to use a screen as an alternative

Whether summing-up imbalanced – Summary of defence points in brief précis form – Whether convictions rendered unsafe

刑事法及訴訟程序—控方證人透過電視直播聯繫作供—證人曾以從犯及警方線人雙重身分

行事—《刑事訴訟程序條例》第79B條所指「在恐懼中的證人」—法官准許電視直播聯繫

是否正確—可否使用屏風作為另一選擇

總結詞是否不能持平—以簡短摘要方式撮寫辯方論點—是否令定罪不穩妥 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317




Criminal law & procedure – Rape – Buggery – Whether judge should give directions to jury on alternative charge of indecent assault which was open on the evidence – Whether jury’s verdicts rendered unsafe and unsatisfactory

刑事法及訴訟程序－強姦罪－肛交罪－若證據存在，法官應否給予陪審團猥褻侵犯交替控

罪的指引－有否令陪審團所作出的裁決不穩妥 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320





(xlvii)






方同意－有否向陪審團公平和徹底地提出辯方論據 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323





Criminal law and procedure – Summing-up – whether trial was rendered unfair by the judge’s “point by point demolition of almost every aspect of the defence case” in his summing-up – whether judge’s comments on defendant’s failure to give details in police interview amount to a misdirection – whether it was improper to direct jury not to consider version of events put to witness which had been disagreed

Closing speech – Counsel makes submissions but not expresses his or her own opinion

刑事法及訴訟程序—總結詞—審訊是否因法官在總結詞中「幾乎逐點摧毀辯方的各方面論

據」而不公平—法官評論被告人沒有在警方會面中提供細節是否構成錯誤指引—證人不同

意辯方就事件提出的說法，法官指示陪審團無須對此考慮，此舉是否不適當

結案陳詞—律師作出陳詞，但不能表達個人意見 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Criminal law and procedure – Murder – Duty of trial judge to summarize issues and evidence relating to the issues clearly, accurately and fairly to the jury

刑事法及訴訟程序—謀殺—原審法官有責任向陪審團清楚準確並公平地撮述各爭論點及與

該等爭論點有關的證據 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

TELECOMMUNICATIONS



(xlviii)


案件呈述方式上訴 - 香港法例第106章《電訊條例》第23條下的第3級罪行是否符合憲法 . . . . . 329

TELEPHONE NUISANCE

Criminal law and procedure – Persistently making telephone calls without reasonable cause – Defendant unrepresented – Magistrate’s duty to ensure fair trial – Whether procedural error material

刑事法及訴訟程序 - 無合理因由而不斷打電話 - 被告人無律師代表 - 裁判官確保公平審訊

的責任 - 程序錯誤是否關鍵性 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

TIME BAR








出全面評估亦同樣重要 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

TOWN PLANNING

Criminal law & procedure – Town Planning Ordinance – Enforcement on land within development

permission area – Site designated for agricultural use on statutory plan – Whether rearing earthworms a type of agricultural activities

刑事法及訴訟程序 — 《城市規劃條例》—在發展審批地區內的土地上的強制執行—地盤在

法定圖則上被規劃為農業用途—飼養蚯蚓是否農業一種 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

TRADE DESCRIPTIONS OFFENCES

Possession for sale or for any purpose of trade or manufacture, of goods to which forged trademarks had been applied, contrary to s 9(2) of the Trade Descriptions Ordinance (Cap 362) – Persuasive burden placed upon a defendant under section 26(4) – Component of reasonable diligence


(xlix)

為售賣或任何商業或製造用途而管有應用偽造商標的貨品，違反香港法例第362章《商品

說明條例》第9(2)條－根據第26(4)條被告人須負說服責任－「合理努力」的要件 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

TRANSCRIPTS OF PROCEEDINGS

Practice and Procedure – Preparation for criminal appeal cases – Purpose for obtaining transcripts of proceedings – Requests for large quantities of unnecessary transcripts cause delay to transcription of genuinely useful records of proceedings – Duty of counsel to ensure that the requested transcripts are essential

常規與程序－處理刑事案件上訴的備審工序－取得聆訊謄本目的－要求大量無用的聆訊謄

本對真正有用的聆訊記錄的謄寫造成延誤－大律師有責任確保要求提供的聆訊謄本是必需

的 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

TRIAD OFFENCE











妥性 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342


(l)

USI

Criminal law and procedure – “Indecent assault” and “unlawful sexual intercourse with a girl under the age of 16 years” – “Procurement by threats to do unlawful sexual act” – Victim’s diary improperly admitted as evidence – “Previous consistent statement” – Not “recent complaint” – Application of “proviso”

刑事法及訴訟程序—「猥褻侵犯」及「與16歲以下女童非法性交」—「以威脅手段促致他

人作非法的性行為」 — 受害人的日記不當地被接納為證供 — 「早前作出的一致陳述」

(previous consistent sta tement)—並非「新近投訴」 ( recent complaint) —行使「但書」

(proviso) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

VOIR DIRE










例》第7(2)條


否構成重大不當之處 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348


(li)

VULNERABLE WITNESS

Criminal law & procedure – Prosecution witness gave evidence via live television link – Witness had acted in dual capacity of accomplice and police informer – “Witness in fear” within meaning of s 79B of Criminal Procedure Ordinance – Whether judge correct in allowing live television link – Whether to use a screen as an alternative

Whether summing-up imbalanced – Summary of defence points in brief précis form – Whether convictions rendered unsafe

刑事法及訴訟程序—控方證人透過電視直播聯繫作供—證人曾以從犯及警方線人雙重身分

行事—《刑事訴訟程序條例》第79B條所指「在恐懼中的證人」—法官准許電視直播聯繫

是否正確—可否使用屏風作為另一選擇

總結詞是否不能持平—以簡短摘要方式撮寫辯方論點—是否令定罪不穩妥 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

WITNESS CREDIBILITY











妥性 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

Classified Criminal Appeals Bulletin · 2018-02-05 · Summing-up – Whether act of sexual...

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Transcript of Classified Criminal Appeals Bulletin · 2018-02-05 · Summing-up – Whether act of sexual...