Classification Scientific Names Organisms are universally...
Transcript of Classification Scientific Names Organisms are universally...
Classifying Organisms
* Organisms are divided into 3 domains
and 6 kingdoms based on the following
characteristics
Classification
Cell Structure: Cell wall & Organelles
Cell wall give structure & support
Cell Type: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic - No nucleus
Eukaryotic - nucleus
Classification
Classifying Organisms
* Organisms are divided into 3
domains and 6 kingdoms based on the
following characteristics
Number of cells: Unicellular vs. Multicellular
Unicellular - 1 cell
Multicellular - more than 1 cell
Nutrition: Autotrophic vs. Heterotrophic
Autotrophic - makes their own food
Heterotrophic - must consume food
Reproduction: Asexual vs. Sexual
DOMAINS
KINGDOMS
Classifying Organisms
ArchaebacteriaDomain - ArchaeaKingdom - Archaebacteria
* Prokaryotic cells* Cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan* Unicellular* Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic* Live in extreme environments
Examples: Thermophiles - extreme temperaturesHalophiles - extreme salinityMethanogens – live in methane gas
Classifying Organisms
Bacteria
* Prokaryotic cells* Cell walls contain peptidoglycan* Unicellular* Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic* Asexual Reproduction
Examples: Streptococcus
Escherichia
coli
Domain - BacteriaKingdom - Eubacteria
* Bacteria can be further classified by shape
Coccus (cocci): round
Bacillus (bacilli): rod-like
Spirillus (spirilli): spiral
Classifying Organisms
Bacteria
Examples: strep throat,
pneumonia, tuberculosis
* Bacteria can be harmful
- Pathogens: agents that cause disease
- Can be treated with an antibiotic
* Bacteria can be helpful
- Help to produce food products: yogurt, pickles
- Decomposers - recycle nutrients in the environment
- Help organisms digest food
- Transgenic bacteria can produce medicines
Classifying Organisms
Protists
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom - Protista
* Eukaryotic cells
* (some) Cell walls contain cellulose
* Unicellular and multicellular
* Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
* Mostly asexual reproduction
Examples: Paramecium, euglena, algae
Classifying Organisms
Protist Movement
* Flagella - whiplike projection
* Cilia - hairlike projections
* Pseudopod - false foot formed when cytoplasm moves into a
projection of the cell membrane
* Protists can be helpful
- Help to produce food products: ice cream, gels
- Algae produce the majority of oxygen on our planet
* Protists can be harmful
- Pathogens: agents that cause disease
Examples: malaria, ameobic
dysentary
Classifying Organisms
Protist effect on equilibrium
* These are beneficial, but can be harmful
when the microorganisms disrupt the
ecosystem equilibrium
*Example: If something were to happen to
green algae, the decrease in population size
would severely affect the rest of the
ecosystem that is dependent on algae (pretty
much everything)
Classifying Organisms
Fungi
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom - Fungi
* Eukaryotic cells
* Cell walls contain chitin
* Unicellular and multicellular
* Heterotropic decomposers - externally digest dead matter
* Asexual and Sexual reproduction
Examples: Yeast, bread mold, mushrooms
* Fungi can be helpful
- Decomposers - recycle nutrients
- Live on plant roots and help plants absorb nutrients
- Food products - mushrooms, bread, wine, soy
sauce
- Used to produce antibiotics; penicillin
* Fungi can be harmful
- Pathogens: agents that cause disease
Examples: athletes foot, ringworm
- Spoil food
Classifying Organisms
Fungi
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom – Fungi
* Fungi can disrupt the ecosystem equilibrium
The Great Famine of Ireland (1800’s)
-Potato Blight
-Fungus that infected potatoes
-Caused humans to starve as
a result, resulted in a mass
immigration from Ireland
Classifying Organisms
Plants
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom - Plantae
* Eukaryotic cells
* Cell walls contain cellulose
* Multicellular
* Autotrophic
* Asexual and Sexual reproduction
Examples: Corn, ferns, pine trees
Classifying Organisms
Animals
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom - Animalia
* Eukaryotic cells
* No cell wall
* Multicellular
* Heterotrophic
* (Mostly) sexual reproduction
Examples: bees, turtles, fish, elephants