Classification of Classification of PlantsPlants

A plant can be divided into 3 partsA plant can be divided into 3 parts

Types of Stems

• Tree – – one main woody

stem– Usually over 3

meters tall

• Shrub– Multiple woody

stems– Normally under 3

meters tall

Types of Stems

• Vine– No supporting stem– Woody or non-woody

• Herbaceous– Non-woody– Grasses, bamboo

Types of Roots

• Fibrous– no root grows larger

than another – can have up to 14

million roots (i.e. rye grass)

– Help prevent erosion

– Examples: grasses, marigolds,

Types of Roots

• Taproots– Primary root grows

larger than secondary roots

– Makes it harder to pull them from the ground

– Examples include carrots, dandelions, beets and radishes

Types of Roots

• Rhizomes– usually underground,

horizontal stem of a plant that often sends out roots and shoots from its nodes.

– may also be referred to as creeping rootstalks, or rootstocks

• Stolons– similar to a rhizome,

but exists above ground, sprouting from an existing stem.

Types of Roots

• Tuber – thickened part of a

stolon that has been enlarged for use as a storage organ.

• Corm– short, vertical, swollen

underground stem of a plant that serves as a storage organ to enable the plant to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat

Leaves

• The leaf is a plant organ specialized for photosynthesis

• Starts at the axillary bud

Leaf Form

Simple Compound

One blade per leaf

Multiple blades or leaflets per leaf

Leaf Arrangement

Compound Leaflet Arrangement

Compound Leaflet Arrangement

Plant Kingdom

Flowering Plants

Non-flowering Plants

3 groups

FernsFernsMossesMosses GymnospermsGymnosperms

Non - flowering Plants

Do NOT produce flowers

Examples of Examples of MossesMosses

spores

Spore-producing capsule

No true roots, No vascular tissues (no transport)

Characteristics of Characteristics of MossesMosses

Simple stems & leaves

Have rhizoids for anchorage

Spores from capsules (wind-dispersal)

Damp terrestrial land

Simplest plants

underground stem

root

A leaf (finely divided into small parts)

roots, feathery leaves & underground stems

Characteristics of Ferns

have vascular tissuesvascular tissues (transport & support)

DampDamp & shadyshady places

Spore-producing organSpore-producing organ on the underside of leaves (reproduction)

needle-shaped leaves

Male cones (in clusters)

Female cones (scattered)

roots, woody stems

Characteristics of Characteristics of GymnospermsGymnosperms

needle-shaped leaves

tall evergreen trees

cones with reproductive structures

dry places

vascular tissues (transport)

naked seeds in female cones

Question and Answer Pairs

• Take one minute to develop a question over the material you just learned.

• Then, see if you can stump your partner!

2 2 groupsgroups

MonocotyledonsMonocotyledons DicotyledonsDicotyledons

Flowering Plants

roots, stems, leaves

vascular tissues (transport)

flowers, fruits (contain seeds)

MonocotyledonsMonocotyledons

Parallel veins

one seed-leaf

Characteristics of Characteristics of MonocotyledonsMonocotyledons

leaves have parallel veins

herbaceous plants

e.g. grass, maize

DicotyledonDicotyledonss

Veins in network

two seed-leaves

Characteristics of Characteristics of DicotyledonsDicotyledons

leaves have veins in network

e.g. trees, sunflower, rose

Drill Partners

• With your neighbor, drill each other on the differences between monocots and dicots until you are both certain you can remember them.

Plant ClassificationPlant Classification

Non-flowering

Plants

Flowering

Spore-bearing

Naked seeds

No roots

with roots

Mosses Ferns

Gymnosperms

1 seed-leaf

2 seed-leaves

Monocots Dicots

Ticket Out the door

• List three important facts you learned today.