ROLL NO.

GROUP MEMBERS’ NAME

01 Karina Chandwani 02 Anurag Kanjani 03 Vrinda Rathod 04 Abhishek Kumar 05 Ishika Jain 06 Nidhi Singh

BIOLOGY GROUP PRESENTATION

INTRODUCTIO

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Today ,Earth is the only known place to us where life really exists. But this planet is so favorable in supporting life , that there has born an extremely huge, huge, huge, biodiversity. And this really does mean huge. Till today, scientists have only found over a million organisms , while it is supposed that over 30 million of them are still hidden. To know our existence , we have to know about existence of universe. Before that we have to know Earth and finally for it, all organisms are to be known.

Images of all the organisms on Earth. To fit all of them , every image has became so small that they have become a single dot only. Now maybe , you can understand the meaning of biodiversity , that also just on Earth. The whole universe (with over 30 m. organisms) is still left . To completely understand the above picture , the way of classification can only help us. That’s why CLASSIFICATION is very, very, very, very, important to satisfy our curiosity.

Now you can suppose how much time it will take for the whole process . And Time is Precious. That's why scientists have discovered the shortest way of this - “Classification” , which simply means , grouping organisms into categories and study them together.

What is Classification? The scientific practice of

identifying, naming and grouping living organisms is called “CLASSIFICATION”

The branch of Biology ,that deals with the classification of organism is called “TAXONOMY”

PURPOSEof

CLASSIFICATION

It makes the study of living organisms convenient.

It helps in the specific identification of any given organism.

It provides information about plants and animals, which occur in specific geographical regions.

Systematic study can help in exploring unknown potential of many helpful organisms.

Taking help from these potential can help us in restoring the ecosystem, which has got imbalanced today.

ADVANTAGESOF

CLASSIFICATION

Knowing more organisms can inspire engineering more.

It can give an idea about the evolution of past 3.5 billion years and also of the future evolution.

It reveals the relationships among various groups of organisms. Some natural cycles or chains can also be related by this.

We only get the fossils of extinct species. But seeing the relationship of evolution and organisms can give an idea about their structure.

Basis of

CLASSIFICATIO

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FIRST BASIS : Whether the organism was beneficial or harmful to humans . But it mixed plants and animals both , which is improper ,like

BENEFICIAL HARMFUL

Second BASIS : What was the organism’s habitat , which was done by Aristotle and was improper for amphibians and many others , like

AERIAL TERRESTRIAL AQUATIC

WHERE TO GO

OR

THIRD BASIS : Whether the organism was a plant or animal , but again a problem aroused for microbes , like :

PLANT ANIMAL

SAME QUESTION

fourth BASIS : This one was the most accurate basis, which was given by Robert Whittaker, Earnest Haeckel and Carl Woese . It is this,

Basis of classification , used today :

The presence or absence of a nuclear membrane , i.e., Prokaryotic (Primitives) or Eukaryotic (Complex ones).

Is it Unicellular or Multicellular.

The type of nutrition used by the organism (i.e., Heterotrophic or Autotrophic).

Finally Phylogenic Relationships and Body Design.

Evolved from me. Aren’t you?

Yeah. You’re Quite Intelligent !

SYSTEM of

CLASSIFICATION

THE FIVE KINGDOMSProposed by ROBERT

WHITTAKER

MONERA Prokaryotic Unicellular , some exists in clusters Mostly Heterotrophic , except Blue-Green

Algae Has Cell Wall and is the most primitive

organism on earth

PROTISTA Eukaryotic Unicellular Mostly Heterotrophic ,some are

photosynthetic Possesses motility

M.I.

FUNGI Eukaryotic Exists both as Unicellular and Multicellular Heterotrophic Possesses Cell wall , made of Chitin

Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophic Has Cell wall , made of cellulose and

is immotile

Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophic Possesses motility (except spongilla) and

includes the most complex organisms on earth

Summary of the five kingdoms

Diversity of the

organisms

THE HIERARCHIAL ORDER

Of CLASSIFICATION

How it works?After classifying all organisms into biggest

group KINGDOM , they are further separated into groups again inside the kingdom itself , which has the basis of many factors like complexity or others , depending upon the type of kingdom and the organisms taken in it. Then groups are further shortened and shortened to the lowest possible group , i.e. , the species. In this the lowest diversity is seen , where alike organisms are only present.

THE HIERARCHIAL ORDER

/ Division

The Discoverer of the orderIt was the greatest contribution

in Biological section of taxonomy given by the great scientist CARLOUS LINNAEOUS. Not only this , but he also gave the system of naming every known organism by a unique name. For this ,he is also called as the “Father of Taxonomy”.

Nomenclature It is defined as the ‘Method of Naming

things’ The way Carlous Linnaeus named

organisms is known as ‘Binomial Nomenclature’ as it included two names for every unique organisms.

In the system , first the GENUS of the organism is written , followed by its SPECIES and thus, every one has its own unique name.

Extra Knowledge Do you know that the only organisms, which

is not classified into any kingdom are VIRUSES. It's because they act as dead until they enter others and get the components necessary for its revival.

If learning the hierarchal order is a little difficult for you , then this statement can help you out :

KINGDOM PHYLUM DIVISION CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENERA SPECIES

KING PHilips of Denmark CLASSed ORDinary FAMILies as GENERous SPECIaland

THANK YOU

AH !!!! TIGER !!!!