Classification of microbes neeraj sarman
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CLASSIFICATION OF MICROBES
Neeraj Env Engg. I yr29 Oct 2015
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Prokaryotes & EukaryotesEtymology
Prokaryotes Eukaryotebacteria Fungi,protozoa,pla
nts,animalsLoose strands of DNA
Arranged & organised
No membrane organelles
Several
No definite membrane bound nucleus
Complex
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TypesBacteriaVirusFungiProtistaArchaea
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BacteriaSingle celled prokaryoteFound in various shapes and sizesMycoplasma - Smallest bacteria with rigid cell
wallCauses infectious diseases like typhoid,
dysentry, waterborne gastroentritis, etc
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Coccus (Spherical)
Streptococcus
pneumonia
Found in chains, pairs and irregular groups
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E. coli
Bacillus (rod)
tuberculosis
whooping cough
peptic ulcers
: Seen as chains, branched, etc
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Spirilus (Spiral)
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VibrioSmall slightly curved rods measuring 3-4 microns
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VirusMost abundant biological entityCan infect all life forms including microbesClassified according to infected hostAcellular and nanometre in sizeContain RNA or DNARequire a host cell for sustenanceCauses jaundice, fever, etc.
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ProtozoaEukaryotesUsually single cellsMajority aerobicOften consume bacteria and PMCauses diarrhea and intestinal problemsEg: Entamoeba histolytica cysts present in
raw waste water
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Algae Unicellular or multicellular autotropic
eukaryotesPhytoplanktons responsible for 40% of all
photosynthetic output.Very vital to water ecology.Eg: green algae cyanobacteria
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Fungi Multicellular, nonphotosynthetic and
saprophytic microbesCan grow under low moisture, low pH
conditions as well.Can degrade cellulose and are useful in
sludge treatment processes.
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ArchaeaSimilar to bacteria in size and basic cell
componentsDiffer in RNA compostion, cell wall and cell
materialImportant in anaerobic processes and
extreme conditions of temperature and pressure
Found in soils, marshes, skin, oral cavity,etcHelps in biogeochemical cycles
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Thank You!