Anything that has mass and

occupies space

Chemical Physical

Relating to how chemicals react with each other

Properties we can observe

with our senses

1) Strength

Ability to withstand great load

2) Thermal Conductivity

Ability to conduct heat

3) Electrical Conductivity

Ability to conduct electricity

4) Brittleness

How easily it breaks

5) Malleability

Ability to be made into sheets

6) Ductility

Ability to be made into wire

7) Elasticity

How easily it can be stretched

8) Density

Mass per unit volume

9) Melting and Boiling point

Temperature where substance

melt and boil

10) Magnetic

Whether it attracts

ferromagnetic substances

A combination of two or more

pure substances that are not

chemically bonded together

1) Substances can be mixed in any

relationship

2) Substances keep their separate

properties

3) Substances can be separated

mechanically

Homogeneous Heterogeneous Uniform

composition

Substances

aren’t easily

differentiated

Non-uniform

composition

Substances are

easily

differentiated

Saltwater

Solutions Substances are in the

same phase Differentiation between

particles cannot be done using the senses

Sand and water

Substances are probably not in the same phase

Differentiation between particles can be done using the senses

Oil and water

Multiple liquid phases

Emulsions Suspensions

Compounds ElementsTwo or more

DIFFERENT

elements

chemically

bonded together

Cannot be divided

into simpler

substances

Molecules of multiple atoms of the same element

are NOT compounds

Atoms of

an elementMolecules of

an element

Molecules of

a compoundMixture

A

B

C

D

E

F

A method of separating a

mixture by carrying it in a

solution (or gas stream)

across an absorbent material.

Based on the principle that different substances dissolve at different rates

Used to separate mixtures

Used to identify unknown components

Stationary Phase

Mobile Phase

AnalyteSample

Control Samples

Chromatogram

1. Cut the filter paper so it does not touch

the sides of container

2. Draw a thin pencil line 1 cm from the

bottom

3. Transfer samples onto the filter paper on

top of the pencil line and mark clearly

4. Keep the samples at least 1 cm apart

5. Fill a glass beaker up to about 1 cm with

a solvent

6. Attach the filter paper to a pencil and

immerse in solvent, so that liquid level

does not reach pencil line.

7. Compare analyte to controls for

identification of components, etc.

1. Stationary phase absorbs the liquid

Liquid travels upwards

2. Liquid reaches samples

Samples dissolve and travel upwards

with liquid

3. Components are retained by stationary

phase to different extents

Separation

Pure substances have unique boiling points

Impurities raises the boiling point

Substances now boil over a range of temperatures depending on their concentration

Pure substances have unique melting points

Impurities lowers the melting point

Substances now melt over a range of temperatures depending on their concentration