ClassificationClassification

Why do we classify things?

� Classification provides scientists and students a way to sort and group organisms for easier study.

� There are millions of organisms on earth!

� ____________________________________� ____________________________________

Organisms are classified by their:

� ___________________ (how they look)

� ___________________

� ___________________

� ___________________

� ___________________

UNITY AND DIVERSITY Organizing the world of organsims

� The Tree of Life

� ______________

______________

______________

______________ ______________

� how they are built

� how they live

� organize them

into groups of

______________

______________

In one classification system, there are 2

main groups. In others, there are 3. In the

one used by most of the world’s scientists,

there are 6 main groups.

All living things are placed in one of the six

____________ …which are the most general

group (sort of).

They are then broken down into smaller

groups, then smaller groups, then smaller

and so on until there is just one…

____________ is the most specific group…

Classification of Animal Kingdom

� _______

� _______

� _______� _______

� _______

� _______

� _______

� _______

Classification

Here is another way

of looking at it…

That’s my That’s my idea baby!

Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus

Organizing systems

� Making sense out of the differences

Eastern gray squirrelSciurus carolinensis

K P C O F G sCan you make a sentence using the first letter of

each classification subgroup?

______________ — the branch of science

that classifies and names living things

______________ — a system for naming ______________ — a system for naming

things

In biology there is a two-word system that

is used to name organisms. It is called

____________________________

________________ devised this in the 1700’s

(18th century) using the last two subgroups

for the specific species name:

GENUS

( ___________ )

GOLDBERG

SPECIES

( ___________ )

JASON

species

Humans are known as _______ _______

genus

GOLDBERG

GOLDBERG

GOLDBERG

JASON

BILL

WHOOPI

The Five Kingdoms__________

__________

__________

__________

____________________

Organisms are grouped among these six kingdoms by:

� the presence or absence of a nuclear membrane� Prokaryotes — _____________________________

Eukaryotes —

Classification

Prokaryote

Prokaryotes — _____________________________

� Eukaryotes — ______________________________Eukaryote

� unicellular ( _______ ) or multicellular (_____)� _____________________________ :

(heterotrophic or autotrophic)

Kingdom

Protist

Kingdom

Archaebacteria

Kingdom

Bacteria Protist

Kingdom

Fungi

Kingdom

Plant

Kingdom

Animal

ArchaebacteriaBacteria

KINGDOMS BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA

� ___________________________________

___________________________________

� most of these organisms are unicellular

(some can exist as multicellular

clusters)clusters)

Both Good & Bad…

� pathogens

� _________________

� beneficial & necessary

� help in digestionhelp in digestion

� help plants grow

� make foods

Bacteria live EVERYWHERE

� On plants & animals

� In plants & animals

� In the soil

� In the extreme cold� In the extreme cold

� In the extreme hot

� On the living

� On the dead

ProtistsSimple Eukaryotes

DomainBacteria

DomainArchaebacteria

DomainEukaryotes

Common ancestor

Simple Eukaryotes

KINGDOM PROTISTA

� ___________________________________

___________________________________

� predominantly unicellular

KINGDOM PROTISTA

� two main phyla

A. Protozoa—animal-like nutrition (heterotrophic)

B. Algae—plant like nutrition (autotrophic)

FungiEukaryotesEukaryotes

DomainBacteria

DomainArchaebacteria

DomainEukaryotes

Common ancestor

KINGDOM FUNGI

� ___________________________________

___________________________________

� absorbs food from its environment

(heterotrophic), does NOT ingest it!

�� organized into branched (usually

multicellular) filaments

Importance of fungi to humans

� food production

� bread

� beer, wine

� medicine production� medicine production

� antibiotics

PlantsMulticellular Photosynthetic Eukaryotes

Domain

Bacteria

Domain

Archaea

Domain

Eukarya

Common ancestor

Multicellular Photosynthetic Eukaryotes

KINGDOM PLANTS

� ___________________________________

___________________________________

� all are multicellular

� all are ________________ (autotrophic)� all are ________________ (autotrophic)

photo = synthesis =

Plant Diversity

Mosses

no water

transport

Mosses

no water

transport

Ferns

water

transport,

Ferns

water

transport,

Conifers

pollen &

seeds

Conifers

pollen &

seeds

Flowering plants

flowers

& fruit

Flowering plants

flowers

& fruittransport

system

(pipes)

transport

system

(pipes)

transport,

no seeds

transport,

no seeds

seedsseeds & fruit& fruit

seed plantsseed plants

water transport systemwater transport system

colonization of landcolonization of land

Animals

Complex Multicellular Heterotrophic Eukaryotes

Domain

Bacteria

Domain

Archaea

Domain

Eukarya

Common ancestor

Complex Multicellular Heterotrophic Eukaryotes

KINGDOM ANIMALS

� largest grouping of organisms

� ___________________________________

___________________________________

� all are multicellular� all are multicellular

� all ingest food ( ____________ )

spongessponges jellyfishjellyfish flatwormsflatworms roundwormsroundworms mollusksmollusks segmentedworms

segmentedworms

insectsspidersinsectsspiders

starfishstarfish vertebratesvertebrates

segmented bodysegmented body internal skeletoninternal skeleton

Animal Evolution

many-celledmany-celled

Ancestral Protist

tissuestissues

left-right symmetryleft-right symmetry

separate digestive systemseparate digestive system

A) Coelenterates

1. ________________________

2. ________________________

� hydra

� jellyfish

B) Annelids

1. ________________________

� earthworm

� sandworm

� leeches

fan worm leech

C) Arthropods

1. _____________________

2. _____________________

� grasshopper

� lobster

� spiders� spiders

� insects

Arthropod groups

crustaceansgills, 2 pairs antennae

crab, lobster, barnacles, shrmp

arachnids8 legs, 2 body parts

spiders, ticks, scorpions

insects6 legs, 3 body parts

D) Chordatesbecomes brain &

spinal cordbecomes brain &

spinal cord1. ________________________

2. ________________________

� humans

� frogs

� sharks

becomes vertebraebecomes vertebrae

becomes gills or Eustachian tubebecomes gills or Eustachian tube

becomes tail or tailbone

becomes tail or tailbone

� sharks

� cats

There are many CLASSES in the chordate PHYLUM!

ex. fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals

There are many CLASSES in the chordate PHYLUM!

ex. fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals

That’s

the buzz…

AnyAny

Questions?