Classification Chapter 18. Taxonomy The field of biology that deals with classifying organisms. Each...
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Transcript of Classification Chapter 18. Taxonomy The field of biology that deals with classifying organisms. Each...
ClassificationChapter 18
Taxonomy
The field of biology that deals with classifying organisms.
Each level is called a Taxon.
How do Taxonomists classify?
1. Physical Structures
2. Embryological Development
3. Chemical Processes
4. DNA
There are 8 major levels for classification!
Organisms within each category are:
more closely related as you move from the domain toward the species level!
SpeciesRecall… a species is a
group of organisms that share most
characteristics and can interbreed to produce
fertile offspring.
Domains are:The largest groups in the modern classification system.
There are 3 domains shown above.
The next level down from domain is…
Kingdom
As shown above, each domain includes:
1 or more kingdoms of organisms
Domain Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Protista Fungi Plantae AnimaliaArchaebacteriaEubacteriaKingdom
The domain Bacteria is made up of:
1 Kingdom: Eubacteria “true bacteria”
Domain Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Protista Fungi Plantae AnimaliaArchaebacteriaEubacteriaKingdom
Recall that bacteria:are single celled prokaryotes. Their cell walls
contain a substance called
peptidoglycan
The domain Archaea also contains:
1 kingdom, archaebacteria.
Domain Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Protista Fungi Plantae AnimaliaArchaebacteriaEubacteriaKingdom
The cell walls of archaea DO NOT contain Peptidoglycan.
Archaea live in extreme environments like thermal vents and salt lakes.
The domain Eukarya contains 4 kingdoms:
Protista (protists), Fungi, Plantae (plants), and Animalia (animals)
Domain Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Protista Fungi Plantae AnimaliaArchaebacteriaEubacteriaKingdom
All members of the Eukarya Kingdom are eukaryotes!
–Johnny Appleseed
“Autotrophs - Organism that makes its own food
Heterotroph - Feeds on other organisms.”
Kingdom Characteristics Examples
ProtistaUnicellular or Multicellular, nucleus, plasma
membrane. May have a cell wall and chloroplasts, includes heterotrophs and
autotrophs.
Euglenas, algae, paramecia, amoebas
FungiUnicellular or multicellular, has a
nucleus, plasma membrane, and cell wall. Only heterotrophs.
Yeasts, mushrooms, molds, mildews
PlantaeMulticellular, nucleus, plasma
membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts. Only autotrophs.
Mosses, ferns, trees, grasses
AnimaliaMulticellular, nucleus, plasma
membrane, no cell wall or chloroplasts, only heterotrophs.
Sponges, worms, insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles,
birds, mammals
Kingdoms in the Domain Eukarya
Kingdoms are divided into Phyla or Phylum
Phyla are subdivided into classes, then orders, family, genera, and species.
Binomial NomenclatureGiving each organism a 2 part name
First part of name is genus:
This includes related species
Second part of name identifies the organism’s
species
Binomial Nomenclature was created by:
A swedish botanist in the 1700’s: Carolus Linnaeus
PhylogenyEvolutionary history of a group of organisms.
Scientists show the development of
groups of organisms from a common ancestor
in branching diagrams called
Phylogenetic Trees.
Evolutionary Relationships can also be shown through:
Cladograms
Dichotomous Keys
A tool that can be used to determine the identity of something by matching
observations to a series of paired statements or
questions.