Classification and impression techniques of implants/ dentistry dental implants

Classification and impression techniques of implants
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Classification
Based upon
Placement within the tissues
Materials used
Attachment mechanism
Surface coating
Shape
Surgical stage
Mode of insertion
Tissue response & systemic toxicity effects of implants

Subperiosteal implants
Based upon the placement within the tissue

Subdivision of subperiosteal implant
Unilateral
Interdental
Total
circumferential

Unilateral subperiosteal implant
Interdental subperiosteal implant

Total subperiosteal implant
Circumferential subperiosteal implant

Transosteal implant
Also known as
Staple bone
Mandibular staple
Transmandibular

Transosteal implant

Endosteal implant

Root form
Blade/plate form
Ramus frame

Intramucosal inserts

Endodontic stabilizer implant

Based upon materials used
1.Metallic implants-commercially pure titanium
Titanium alloy
Cobalt chromium molybdenum
alloy
2.Nonmetallic implants-Ceramics
Carbon

Ceramic and titanium alloy implants

Based upon the attachment mechanism
1.Osseointegration
2.Fibro osseous integration

Based upon their surface coating
Titanium plasma sprayed
Hydroxyapatite coating
Grid blasting with TiO
SLA(sandblasted-largegrid-acidetched)
Acid etched
Machined surface

Based upon the shape

Contd.
Threaded,nonthreaded
Tapered,parallel
With vent holes,without vent holes
Hollow cylinder,solid screws
Root form,blade form

Based upon the surgical stage
Two stage implants
One stage implant

Based upon mode of insertion
1.Axially inserted (crestal approach)

2.Laterally inserted(basal approach)

Based upon tissue response &systemic toxicity effects of implants
Biotolerant materials-polmethylmethacrylate
Bioinert materials-titanium and aluminium oxide
Bioactive materials-glass and calcium phosphate ceramic

Components of implant
Implant body

Cover screw
Healing abutment

Healing cap
Implant abutment

Impression posts

Laboratory analogs

IMPRESSION MATERIALS
Ideal Requirements
Complete plasticity before cureFluidity to record fine detailAbility to wet oral tissuesDimensional accuracyDimensional stabilityComplete elasticity after cureOptimal stiffness

Materials Used
Alginate Agar Polysulphide Polyether Condensation Silicone Addition Silicone

ALGINATE
Poor dimensional stability Poor dimensional accuracy Poor tear strength Poor stiffness Interferes with setting of gypsum

AGAR
Interferes with setting of gypsum Dimensional instability Elaborate equipment needed Low tear resistance

Polysulphide
Base-polusulfide polymer, Catalyst- lead dioxide High tear strength Messy,unpleasant odour Long setting time Poor dimensional stability Hydrophobic

Condensation silicone
Cheaper Good tear strength, accuracy & elastic properties Dimensional instability,due to loss of ethyl alcohol Poured quickly

Addition silicone
Shorter setting time Easy to mix- automatic mixing devices Adequate tear strength Extremely high accuracy Dimensional stability even after 1 week Least distortion on removal Hydrophilic Good compatibility with gypsum

Polyether
Good dimensional stability & accuracy Short setting time Material very rigid Not available in all consistencies Most expensive

Dispensed as :
Manual mixing
Automixing system

Manual mixing
Putty Heavy body Monophase Light body

Automixing equipment & materials

Two basic impression techniques for implants are
1. indirect technique or closed tray technique
2.direct or pick-up or open tray technique.

Indirect impression technique

Contd

Direct impression technique

Contd

Indirect method

Direct method

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Tautin(1985)presented a technique to accurately, transfer and reproduce the relationship between implant dentures , in which no preliminary impression or acrylic resin custom tray were needed. He used modeling compound to form a custom tray by adapting it over transfer copings,pressing the compound over the superior aspect of the coping so that its circular outline is seen through the compound.After trimming the outline

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