Classification
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Transcript of Classification
Classification
I. Carl LinnaeusA. Classification System
1. Taxonomy – the science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups
a. Similar structural characteristics
b. Similar functions & behaviors
2. Taxa – different levels of classificationDOMAIN (3 largest groups – Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)a. Kingdom – Animalia b. Phylum – Chordata c. Class – Mammalia d. Order – Carnivora e. Family – Felidae f. Genus – Felis g. Species – Domesticus
B. Naming System1. Binomial nomenclature – two-part scientific name
2. Made up of the organism’s genus and species names
3. House cat – Felis domesticus (if typed) or Felis domesticus (if written)
a. Whole name is in italics or underlined
b. Genus is capitalized; species is lowercase
II. Taxonomy TodayA. Taxonomy & Phylogeny
1. Phylogeny – evolutionary history
2. Species that are closely related by evolution are grouped together
3. Homologous structures – classify more closely together
(Human arm & whale flipper)
4. Analogous structures – similar structures that develop separately in organisms not closely related – classified further apart
(Bat wing & butterfly wing)
B. Biochemical Taxonomy1. Compare nucleotide sequence in DNA or RNA
2. Compare amino acid sequence in proteins
3. Similar sequences? Classify together
III. Six Kingdom Classification SystemA. Archaebacteria (Domain Archaea)
- Prokaryotic- Unicellular- Auto/Hetero- Some are mobile (flagella)- Methanogens (make methane - found in harsh environments)
Halophiles (love salt – Dead Sea)Thermophiles (love heat – hot
springs, thermal vents)
Examples of halophilic
(salt loving) bacteria
http://filebox.vt.edu/users/chagedor/biol_4684/Microbes/natrono.html
http://minst.org/images/23899A.jpg
B. Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria)
- Pro
- Uni
- Auto/Hetero
- Some are mobile (also by us!)
- In your yogurt, on your hands, E. coli in your large intestine, disease-causing like Strep
Escherichia coli (E. coli)http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2144.jpg
Bifidobacteria (the kind in your yogurt)
http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/gnn_images/news_content/10_02/bifido/bifido_1.jpg
Streptococcushttp://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t028/T028362A.jpg
C. Protista
- Eu
- Uni (multi – colony)
- Auto/Hetero
- Yes (cilia or flagella)
- Amoeba, paramecium, euglena
Amoebahttp://greggsutter.com/mt/archives/freelivingameoba.jpg
Parameciumhttp://upsidedownhippo.com/archives/Paramecium.jpg
http://arnica.csustan.edu/Biol1010/classification/euglena.JPG
Euglena
D. Fungi
- Eu
- Multi
- Hetero
- Not mobile
- Mushrooms, ringworm, athlete’s foot, mold
Mushroomhttp://www.seattle.net/media/mushroom-thumb.jpg
Microsporum canis (Causes athlete’s foot)
www.provlab.ab.ca/mycol/image/derm/mcanmic.jpg
Microsporum gypseum (Causes ringworm)http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/Photography/Images/POD/r/ringworm-fungus-522315-lw.jpg
E. Plantae
- Eu
- Multi
- Auto (photosynthesis)
- Not mobile
- Mosses, ferns, flowering plants
F. Animalia
- Eu
- Multi
- Hetero
- Yes
- Sponges, worms, insects, mammals, etc.