What are these? To which civilization does it belong?

What is this? To which civilization does it belong?

What is this? To which civilization does it belong?

Indian Numerals (Arabic numerals)

Chinese water mill-grind grain/making of cast iron

Roman aqueduct

Classical Civilizations

Scientific Advancements and Technological

Innovations

Science and Technology in India, China, and the MediterraneanEducation

Gupta leaders set up a university systemHan leaders set up schools for scholar officialsGreece and Egypt remained centers for learning.

Advancements in EngineeringCHINA

Roads, canals, the Great Wall

INDIARoads

MediterraneanRoads, aqueducts, monumental structures, water and sewer systems

Grand Canal Roman Roads

Great Wall

Roman Aqueduct

Roman Baths

Mediterranean Colossal Structures

Greek Parthenon

Roman Pantheon

Science and Technology in Both India and China – but not MediterraneanAdvanced metallurgy

Steel in India, Iron in China

Advanced textile manufacturing

cotton in India, Silk in China

Science and Technology in China – Practical ApplicationsAgricultural technology*Plows and new collarWater millsWheelbarrowPaper manufacture

The Science and Technology in India - Theoretical

Gupta India*Number SystemConcept of ZeroDecimal system

MedicineSurgeryInoculations

Astronomy Round EarthSolar Year

Science and Technology in the Mediterranean – “relatively few new scientific findings”Classical Greece

TheoreticalAstronomy?Geometry & Physics

PhilosophicalSocrates, Plato, Aristotle

Classical RomePreserved Hellenistic (Greek) learning in textsPracticalLimited technology because of slave labor!Engineering!