Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

23
Mechanics Lecture 3, Slide 1 Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 Today's Concepts: Newton’s Laws a) Accelera6on is caused by forces b) Force changes momentum c) Forces always come in pairs d) Good reference frames

Transcript of Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Page 1: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  1

Classical Mechanics Lecture 3

Today's  Concepts:  Newton’s  Lawsa)  Accelera6on  is  caused  by  forcesb)  Force  changes  momentumc)  Forces  always  come  in  pairsd)  Good  reference  frames

Page 2: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Midterm

D100:  11:30—13:20  (A&B)  SUR2975,  (C—F):  SUR  5360        

D200:  15:30—17:20    SUR  3090  

10  MulGple  Choice,  4  or  5  WriMen  ! (2  short,3  long  or  4  long)

You  may  use  your  acGvity  guides.

No  other  notes  or  books.  

Bring  pen,  pencil,  scienGfic  calculator,  ruler! Problems  wriMen  in  pencil  cannot  be  regraded          

Page 3: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Your comments

Page 4: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  3

AcceleraGon  is  caused  by  force.

A  bigger  mass  makes  this  harder

Newton’s 2nd Law

Page 5: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  4

CheckPoint

The  net  force  on  a  box  is  in  the  posiGve  x  direcGon.  Which  of  the  following  statements  best  describes  the  moGon  of  the  box  :

A)  Its  velocity  is  parallel  to  the  x  axisB)  Its  acceleraGon  parallel  to  the  x  axisC)  Both  its  velocity  and  its  acceleraGon  are  parallel  to  the  x  axisD)  Neither  its  velocity  or  its  acceleraGon  need  be  parallel  to  the  x  axis

Page 6: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  5

B)  F  =  ma  so  force  in  the  x  direc6on  will  cause  an  accelera6on  in  that  direc6on  but  the  velocity  is  not  stated  so  it  may  have  a  y  velocity  and/or  a  nega6ve  star6ng  x  velocity.

C)  The  direc6on  of  accelera6on  is  the  same  as  the  direc6on  of  the  force.  And  the  direc6on  of  velocity  is  the  same  as  that  of  accelera6on.  

CheckPoint

The  net  force  on  a  box  is  in  the  posi6ve  x  direc6on.  Which  of  the  following  statements  best  describes  the  mo6on  of  the  box  :

A)  Its  velocity  is  parallel  to  the  x  axisB)  Its  acceleraGon  parallel  to  the  x  axisC)  Both  its  velocity  and  its  acceleraGon  are  parallel  to  the  x  axisD)  Neither  its  velocity  or  its  acceleraGon  need  be  parallel  to  the  x  axis

Page 7: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  6

Concerns you raised:

! I  did  not  clearly  understand  the  relaGon  between  force  and  momentum  and  I  hope  we  go  over  it  in  class.

! when  to  take  into  consideraGon  two  forces  acGng  on  an  object  or  when  to  only  take  into  account  one  force.

Page 8: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  3

AcceleraGon  is  caused  by  force.

A  bigger  mass  makes  this  harder

Newton’s 2nd Law

Net Force

Page 9: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  6

more Concerns you raised:

! The  bug  ge]ng  smashed  by  the  car  concept.  ! Later  we  will  smash  carts  together  and  measure  the  forces.

! Can  we  go  over  the  example  given  in  the  pre-­‐lecture,  where  they  express  that  according  to  Newton's  third  law,  only  the  force  that  the  man  is  exerGng  on  the  box  is  taken  into  account  and  not  the  force  back  on  the  man?

! Try  a  demo  with  two  ppl  on  chairs  pushing  off  each  other.

! it  was  kind  of  lame  to  have  circular  moGon  show  up  when  we  haven't  covered  it  yet.

! OK,  there  are  a  few  dislocaGons  between  SmartPhysics  and  Workshop  Physics  but  we  do  circular  moGon  soon.

Page 10: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  7

Clicker Question

A  force  F  is  applied  to  a  small  block,  that  pushes  a  larger  block.  The  two  blocks  accelerate  to  the  right.  Compare  the  NET  FORCE  on  the  block  with  mass  M,  to  the  net  force  on  the  block  with  mass  5M.

A)  FM < F5MB)    FM = F5MC)  FM > F5M

MFa

Net  ForceSame  acceleraGon,  so  larger  mass  has  larger  net  force.

5M

Page 11: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  10

*  They  can  have  also  have  tangenGal  acceleraGon  if  their  speed  is  not  constant

Aside: Centripetal acceleration and force

1)  Objects  moving  in  a  circle  always  have  a  component  of  acceleraGon,  called  centripetal,  which  is  toward  the  center  of  the  circle.*

2)  Centripetal  acceleraGon  must  be  caused  by  a  force:! FricGon,  gravity  –  whatever  force  keeps  it  moving  in  a  circle.! This  force  is  ogen  called  the  “centripetal  force”

3)  There  is  no  “new”  kind  of  force  here.

4)  There  is  no  such  thing  as  centrifugal  force.

Page 12: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Midterm

D100:  11:30—13:20  (A&B)  SUR2975,  (C—F):  SUR  5360        

D200:  15:30—17:20    SUR  3090  

Coverage:  Up  through  last  Friday.

10  MulGple  Choice,  4  or  5  WriMen  ! (2  short,3  long  or  4  long)

You  may  use  your  acGvity  guides.

No  other  notes  or  books.  

Bring  pen,  pencil,  scienGfic  calculator,  ruler! Problems  wriMen  in  pencil  cannot  be  regraded          

Page 13: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  11Tablecloth  &  Dishes

Momentum & Force

Page 14: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  12

         Oooomf

Students’ Momentum Concerns

! Need  more  feedback  on  the  topic  of  momentum! The  concept  of  momentum  was  very  confusing  to  me.  ! Concept  of  momentum  is  bit  confusing..  

Page 15: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  13

CheckPoint

You  are  driving  a  car  with  constant  speed  around  a  horizontal  circular  track.  The  momentum  of  your  car

A)  Points  radically  inward  toward  the  center  of  the  circular  track

B)  Points  radically  outward,  away  from  the  center  of  the  circular  track

C)  Points  forward  in  the  same  direcGon  your  car  is  moving

D)  Points  backward,  opposite  to  the  direcGon  your  car  is  moving

E)  Is  zero.

Page 16: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  14

A)  The  momentum  is  in  the  same  direcGon  as  the  force.  

C)  It  points  in  the  same  direcGon  as  v,  which  is  forward  

CheckPoint ResponsesYou  are  driving  a  car  with  constant  speed  around  a  horizontal  circular  track.  The  momentum  of  your  

car

A)  Points  radically  inward  toward  the  center  of  the  circular  track

B)  Points  radically  outward,  away  from  the  center  of  the  circular  track

C)  Points  forward  in  the  same  direcGon  your  car  is  movingD)  Points  backward,  opposite  to  the  direcGon  your  car  is  moving

E)  Is  zero.

Page 17: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  15

Page 18: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  16

Page 19: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  17

Ice-­‐puck Fake  Forces:  Coriolis  (YouTube)

Newton’s 1st Law

Page 20: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  18Physics  211    Lecture  3,  Slide    18

This  effect  can  make  cannons  miss  their  targetif  you  don’t  takeit  into  account.

Hurricane  Earl

And  makes  hurricanes  rotate  CCW    in  the  Northern    hemisphere  —CW  in  Southern.

Page 21: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  19

Forces  come  in  pairs!

Fire-­‐cart

Newton’s 3rd Law

Page 22: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mechanics    Lecture  3,  Slide  20

Newton’s 3rd Law Concerns

I  would  ask  you  to  briefly  explain  why  when  the  person  is  pushing  the  box  does  his  force  on  the  box  not  per  se  cancel  with  the  force  the  box  exerts  on  him  and  the  box  remain  moGonless?

Fbm and –Fmb are on different objects; they don’t add.

Page 23: Classical Mechanics Lecture 3 - Simon Fraser University

Mass Comparisons

How does one weight oneself in a space station when “weightless.”