Class Mammalia Subclass Prototheria Order Triconodonta Morganucodontidae Amphilestidae...
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Transcript of Class Mammalia Subclass Prototheria Order Triconodonta Morganucodontidae Amphilestidae...
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Class Mammalia Subclass Prototheria
‡ Order TriconodontaMorganucodontidaeAmphilestidae
Triconodontidae ‡ Order Docodonta Order Monotremata
‡ Subclass Allotheria Order Haramiyoidea
Order Multituberculata Subclass Theria
‡ Infraclass Trituberculata Order Symmetrodonta
Kuehnoetheriidae Order Eupantotheria
Dryolestidae Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria
(After Carroll 1988)
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‡“Class” Mammaliformes Order Morganucodontia
Morganucodontidae Order Docodonta Order Haramiyoidea
Class Mammalia Subclass Prototheria
Order Platypoda Order Tachyglossa
Subclass Theriiformes ‡ Infraclass Allotheria
Order Multituberculata ‡ Infraclass Triconodontia Infraclass Holotheria ‡ Order Symmetrodontia
‡ Order Eupantotheria Order Metatheria Order Eutheria
(After McKenna & Bell 1997)
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PROTOTHERIA – Order TriconodontaMorganucodon (late Triassic)
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PROTOTHERIA – Order TriconodontaMorganucodon (late Triassic)
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PROTOTHERIA – Order TriconodontaTriconodon
Jurassic - Cretaceous
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PROTOTHERIA – Order Docodontia
Haldanodon (mid-late Jurassic)
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ALLOTHERIA – Order Multituberculata
Late Triassic-Oligocene (160 million yrs.)
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ALLOTHERIA – Order HaramiyoideaLate Triassic – Jurassic, Europe, Greenland & Africa
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ALLOTHERIA – Order MultituberculataFamily: Eucosmodontidae
Kryptobaatar late Cretaceous, Mongolia
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ALLOTHERIA – Order Multituberculata
Ptilodus Paleocene N. America
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Ornithorhynchus anatinus
PROTOTHERIA -- Order MonotremataFamily Ornithorhynchidae
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ObdurodonMiocene, Australia
OrnithorhynchusRecent
Deciduous teeth
SteropodonCretaceous, Australia
KollikodonCretaceous, Australia
MonotrematumPaleocene, South America
PROTOTHERIA -- Order MonotremataFamily Ornithorhynchidae (fossil history)
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TachyglossusShort-beaked echidna (Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea)
PROTOTHERIA -- Order MonotremataFamily Tachyglossidae (echidnas)
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PROTOTHERIA -- Order MonotremataFamily Tachyglossidae (echidnas)
ZaglossusLong-beaked echidna (New Guinea)
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ORDER SYMMETRODOTA earliest therians
Vincelestes early Cretaceus, Argentina
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PROTOTHERIAN - THERIAN CONTRASTS
PROTOTHERIANS THERIANS (monotremes) (marsupials & placentals)
Teeth Deciduous teeth only Permanent dentition multi-cusped molars tribosphenic molars
Skeleton Therapsid features: skull with “extra” bones fusion of skull bones cervical ribs cervical ribs lost “reptilian” shoulder girdle “mammalian” shoulder sprawling limb posture upright limb posture Reproduction “reptilian” cloacal opening separate urogenital & anal openings oviparous viviparous mammary glands not well-developed teats forming teats
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POSSIBLE SUB-ORDER RELATIONSHIPS
MAMMALPOLYPHYLY
MONOTREMES PLUSMULTITUBERCULATES
MONOTREMES PLUSMARSUPIALS
PROTOTHERIA PLUSTHERIA(prevailing view)