Class: Aves Marine Birds Characteristics Depend on the ocean for survival Lightweight bones Return...
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Transcript of Class: Aves Marine Birds Characteristics Depend on the ocean for survival Lightweight bones Return...
Class: Aves
Marine Birds
Characteristics
• Depend on the ocean for survival• Lightweight bones• Return to land to breed.• Endothermic = create their own body heat• 3 Types of feathers:• 1- Down = small, fluffy, closest to skin, for
warmth.• 2- Contour = larger, cover wings and body, for
flight.• 3- Powder = Repel water, protect the down
• http://www.birds.cornell.edu/–Online Bird Guide
Bird Orders• Class Aves broken into 29 orders• All orders end in –iformes–Ex. Pelecaniformes- Pelicans
(totipalmate swimmers)–Ex. Passeriformes- Songbirds
Diving Pelagic Birds
• Open-ocean birds, spend most of their lives at sea
• Puffins, petrels, shearwaters, albatross• Migrate thousands of km each year
• Large nostrils located in short tubes on sides/top of bill• Spend most of life at sea • Come to land only to breed• Wandering Albatross-Largest
wingspan of all living birds (nearly 12 feet)
Wandering Albatross
WanderingAlbatrosschick
Shearwater
Penguins• Can dive down 800 meters
for food• Flightless, marine, pelagic,
swimming and diving birds• The Emperor Penguin is the
largest @ 4ft, 75lb
Penguins
• The most aquatic of all marine birds• 15 species (all are in the Southern Hemisphere)• No contour feather (can’t fly)• Thick layer of fat and dense down feathers• Excellent swimmers/divers• Eyes adapted for underwater vision• Both males and females take care of watching
the egg and chicks
Emperor Penguins
Adelie Penguins
Babies
Rockhopper Penguin
King Penguins
Penguin
Totipalmate Swimmers• All 4 toes are webbed• Pelicans, Gannets, Cormorants&
Frigatebirds• Some breathe through their
mouth (nasal openings are closed)
American White Pelican
Blue-footedBooby
Long-legged Waders• Herons, Egrets, Ibises,
Spoonbills, Storks & Vultures• Herons & Egrets have S
shaped neck in flight
Herons & Herons & Egrets Egrets have S shaped have S shaped neck in flightneck in flight
• Storks hold neck extended in flight
• Bird populations decreased because of plume hunters (1902-1903)• Fashionable for women to
wear feathers in their hats• 4 birds=1 ounce ($32/oz)
• 1,608 packages of plumes in a commercial sales room in 1902• Each package weighed 30 oz
totaling 48,240 oz• Required the lives of 192,960
herons
Flamingos• Pink plumage due to
carotenoids obtained from food, cyanobacteria•Most unusual feature is the
bent bill held upside down to feed
• At one time occurred naturally in the state of Florida•Nest made on a cone shaped
pedestal of mud• Young swim day of hatching
Flamingo
Marsh birds• Crane, Coots & Moorhens• Losing more species of birds
than any major order of birds• The Whooping Crane is the
tallest American bird
Whooping Crane &chick
Sandhill Crane-Morecommonly seen
Roseate Spoonbill
Shorebirds•Much diversity–Divers, skimmers, waders–Lakes, coastal waters,
beaches, meadows
Shorebirds• Sandpiper – narrow, pointed bill• Snowy egret – long, flexible neck• Roseate Spoonbill• Sea ducks• Sea Gull - scavengers
American Avocet
Diurnal Birds of Prey• Hawks, Eagles, Kites & Ospreys• Have short, decurved hooked
beaks• Excellent eyesight• Feed on birds, mammals, fish or
reptiles
Osprey
Kingfishers• Large heads with spearlike
bills• Dive straight into water for
fish
Belted Kingfisher
Perching Birds• All the Songbirds• Ex. Cardinals, Jays, Wrens,
Warblers, etc.• Includes Loggerhead Shrike &
Florida Scrub Jay
Feather Anatomy
What is preening?
• Definition: Preening is the process by which birds groom and care for their feathers. When a bird is preening, she uses her beak to pick through her feathers -- removing any debris, arranging feathers that are out of place, and distributing a special oil that is secreted from a gland at the base of the tail. This oil helps a bird's feathers stay healthy and shiny.