Class Arachnida: Spiders, ticks, mites, harvestman, scorpions, etc.

Class Arachnida: Spiders, ticks, mites, harvestman, scorpions, etc.

Yellow Garden Spider

Tick

Mite

Arachnids are amazing, but they are NOT insects!

• Many people talk about “BUGS,” but that’s not a scientific term.

• What they really mean is:

• Insect or

• Arachnid

Class Arachnida

• Mouthparts are calledchelicerae.

• Most contain venom.• Antennae are absent.• Four pairs of legs.• Book lungs for respiration.

Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis

Ronald F. BillingsTexas Forest Servicewww.forestryimages.org

Yellow Garden Spider,Argiope aurantiaScott Bauer, USDA Agricultural

Research Service, www.insectimages.org

Arachnids

• This class of animals include spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions and other 8 – legged invertebrates.

• Have an exoskeleton• The arachnid body is divided into two parts: anterior and posterior.

– Anterior: contains sense organs, mouthparts, and limbs in pairs – posterior: bears the genital opening and other structures and some sort of

modified gills (called “hook lungs”)

• Two body regions(cephalothorax, abdomen).

• Fangs (chelicerae), mostare venomous.

• Most are not dangerous.• Most make webs. • Most have poor eyesight;

hairs compensate for it(jumping spiders are an exception).

• Potentially dangerous spiders (bites are uncommon):

Brown recluse spider, Black widow spider

Class Arachnida:Order Araneae: Spiders

David Cappaert, www.insectimages.org

Jumping Spider, Phidippus audax

pedipalp

chelicera (fang)

cephalothorax

abdomen

narrow waist

Spider Anatomy

Abdomen

Pedipalp

Chelicera (fang)

Cephalothorax

Jumping Spider

Wolf spider with egg case Spitting spider

TarantulaOrb-weaving spider

Black widow with egg case

Brown recluse

Class Arachnida:Order Araneae:

Spiders

David Keith, Department of EntomologyUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln

Crab Spider,Misumenoides

formosipes

Wolf Spider,Lycosa carolinensis

James O. Howell, The University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org

• One apparent bodyregion.

• Abdomen andcephalothorax short.

• Common and harmless.• Nocturnal. • Feed on detritus, fruit,

or other animals.

Class Arachnida:Order Opiliones: Harvestman

(Daddy Longlegs)

Leiobunum sp.Joseph Berger, www.insectimages.org

daddy long-legs

cephalothorax abdomen

• Long tail with sting. • Pedipalps are modified

as pinchers.• Most scorpion stings

are no worse than beestings; only a minorityof species arepotentially dangerous.

• Nocturnal. • Common in warm

climates.• Feed on other animals.

Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones: Scorpions

Striped Bark Scorpion, Centruroides vittatus,

gravid female from Texas

E. Tenczar

Scorpion Anatomy

chelicerae eyes pedipalp

Class Arachnida:Order Scorpiones:

Scorpions

Northern Desert Hairy Scorpion, Hadrurus spadix, native to US

E. Tenczar

Emperor Scorpion,Pandinus imperator,

female eating cockroach, native to West Africa

E. Tenczar


Arizona Bark Scorpion, Centruroides exilicauda, mating

E. Tenczar


Lined Devil Scorpion,Vaejovis spinigerus,

female from Arizona with young

Flat Rock Scorpion,Hadogenes troglodytes,

female, native toSouth Africa

E. Tenczar

E. Tenczar


Slenderbrown Bark Scorpion,Centruroides gracilis,male from Central America

Pandinus imperator; scorpions glow under UV/ black light

E. Tenczar

E. Tenczar


E. Tenczar E. Tenczar

Black Thick-Tailed Scorpion, Parabuthus transvaalicus, a highly venomous species native to South Africa

Pseudoscorpion

• Ticks have two body regions.• Young have six legs, adults have eight.• There are hard and soft-bodied ticks.• Ticks are much larger than mites, some

females as large as a nickel.

Class Arachnida: Order Acari: Ticks

Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularisJim Occi, BugPics, www.insectimages.org

American dog tick male

Blacklegged (deer) tick female

American dog tick female laying egg mass (1000-2000 eggs!).

• Attach to skin using twoclaws.

• Two blade-like beaks enterthe skin.

• Injected fluid dissolves skintissue around beaks, buthardens surrounding tissue so that a stylostome, or tube is formed.

• Chigger sucks up liquid through stylostome.

• Tube remains after chigger leaves, causing itching.

Class Arachnida:Order Acari: Chiggers

Chigger Bites on Human

• Mites have only one noticeable body region.

• Many are microscopic or close to it.

Class Arachnida:Order Acari: Mites

Mites

• Egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, adult.

• Four pair legs; three pairs on larvae.

• Two body segments: head, thorax.

• Chelicerae: fangs like spiders.

• Suck cells.

• Cause chlorosis; yellowing of foliage.

• Transmit disease.

• Diagnostics: chlorosis, webbing, rusetting, galls.

• Female: round abdomen

• Male: pointed abdomen

• Larva 3 pairs of legs

Mites

pedipalps &chelicerae

cephalothorax

abdomen

Mite and Tick Body Regions

Warm/Cool Season Mites

Warm season

• Twospotted spider mite

• European red mite

• Bulb mite

• Gall, rust mite

• Cyclamen mite

Cool season

• Spruce spider mite

• Clover mite

Twospotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae

Jack Kelly Clark, University of Californiahttp://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/T/I-AC-TSPP-AD.022.html

Family Tetranychidae:

• Twospotted spider mite

• Lewis mite

Family Tarsonemidae:

• Cyclamen mite

• Broad mite

Family Acaridae:

• Bulb mite

Family Eriophyidae:

• Gall, rust mite

Mites in the Greenhouse

Cyclamen Mite

CUEShttp://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/inter/inmine/Mitesc.html

Clover mites

Twospotted spider mites

Predatory mite

Helpful Arachnids…

• Arachnids can be helpful!

• Spiders help to control the insect population by catching insects in their webs as their prey.

Harmful Arachnids

• Bites from the Black Widow Spider and the Brazilian Wandering Spider can be deadly if not treated.

• Ticks can carry blood-borne diseases such as Lyme Disease.

Designed for Miss. Stone’s 3rd Grade Classhttp://www.photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=368713

Introduction

Did you know that some spiders are as big as your face?...Some can live for 28 years?...Scorpions are arachnids too?

Discover amazing facts about spiders, how they catch their food, what they eat, where they live, and how they defend themselves.

I didn’t know that…

Spiders make a new web every day. Spiders are always making new webs because their old ones break easily and lose their stickiness. A web traps food for the spider so it is essential for survival and needs to be in perfect order.

http://www.americanarachnology.org/gallery_entrance.html

! People have been known to use spiders’ webs as fishing nets.

! The silk in a spiders’ web could stretch the length of a tennis court.

Some spiders live underwater.

Water spiders live in lakes and ponds, but they can’t breathe underwater. They spin themselves a bell-shaped web and keep it filled with air by collecting bubbles from the surface.


! Spider silk is stronger than steel wire of the same thickness.

! Some spiders lie in wait in their webs, hoping to catch tadpoles.

http://www.herper.com/Waterspider.html

http://www.seghea.com/pat/art/bugs/bugth1.html

Some spiders jump through trapdoors.

Trapdoor spiders dig a burrow in the ground, cover it with a trapdoor, and hide inside. Then they pounce on any creature that passes.


! The bolas spider is named after the bolas, a South American lasso.

! Trapdoor spiders dig out their tunnels with their jaws.

Some spiders spit.

Spitting spiders don’t use webs. Instead, they make a sticky gum, which they fire out through their fangs. This completely covers an insect and sticks it to the spot.


! Wolf spiders eat up to 15 insects on a good hunting day.

! Unlike many spiders, hunting spiders have very sharp eyesight.

http://www.photostogo.com/store/search.asp?SearchStr=%27Spider%27 http://www.troyb.com/photo/gallery/section2.htm%20

Some spiders have fangs.

Like snakes, spiders use poison to defend themselves and kill their prey. A spider jabs its fangs into its victim and holds on while the poison pumps into the prey.


! A spider bite always leaves two little holes in the skin.

! Most spiders are poisonous- at least to insects.

http://www.sphoto.com/mspiders.htmlhttp://www.sphoto.com/insects.html

Spiders have nurseries.

Just before her eggs hatch, the nursery-web spider spins a tent of silk. It’s a nursery, where tiny baby spiders stay safe and sound, while their mother keeps guard nearby.


! After they have hatched, baby spiders still need a parents’ protection.

! House spiders often stick their nests to door and window frames.

http://www.sphoto.com/mspiders.html

http://www.sphoto.com/landscape.html

Some spiders can change color.

Crab spiders are masters of disguise and can match their color to their surroundings. This clever trick keeps them hidden inside flowers, where other spiders would be more easily seen


! Spiders that hunt on the ground need good camouflage.

http://ln.doubleclick.net/adi/tr.ln/memberembedded;kw=spider%20photos;h=misc;sz=468x60;ord=210737637424058?http://www.sphoto.com/insects.html

Wasps attack spiders.

The female tarantula hawk wasp feeds her babies tarantulas. She attacks, stings, and paralyzes these huge spiders, then drags them into a hole and lays an egg on them.


! A golden-wheeling spider escapes by cartwheeling down sand dunes.

! Chinese farmers build winter shelters for spiders in their fields.

http://www.wmspear.com/News/hawkwasp.html

http://www.desertusa.com/mag01/sep/papr/thawk.html

Class Arachnida: Spiders, ticks, mites, harvestman, scorpions, etc.

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Transcript of Class Arachnida: Spiders, ticks, mites, harvestman, scorpions, etc.