CLASS 5. GRAND THEORIES OF PERSONALITY grand theories put it all together only a few psychologists...
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Transcript of CLASS 5. GRAND THEORIES OF PERSONALITY grand theories put it all together only a few psychologists...
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CLASS 5
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GRAND THEORIES GRAND THEORIES
OF PERSONALITYOF PERSONALITY
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• grand theories put it all together
• only a few psychologists have tried
• the three most important of these are……..
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Freud 1895-1910
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Freud 1910-1925
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Freud 1925-1940
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PSYCHO-DYNAMICTHEORY
AKA
• FREUDIAN PSYCHOLOGY
• PSYCHO-ANALYSIS
• DEEP PSYCHOLOGY
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a most elaborate theory
• We can only touch on the surface of several pieces of the theory:– Motivational model (big two)– Structure of the mind (levels of awareness)– Structure of personality (dynamics)– Model of development (stages)– Measurement techniques
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Motivational Model
• Driving forces of life
• Two major motivations
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SEX
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• Life instinct = EROSEROS
• Libido = current level
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AGGRESSION
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• Death instinct = THANATOS
–Aggression toward self
–Aggression toward others
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Two broad motivations
• More general meaning than usual
• equivalent to Positive and Negative life forces
• Both socially undesirable: need defense
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Freud’s Many methods
1. Case study
2. Hypnosis
3. Dream Analysis
4. Free association
5. Projective tests
WHY NECESSARY?• all designed to get around the patient’s defenses• Behavior is symbolic
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1. Case study method
DoraAnna O.
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2. Hypnosis
-put patient into altered state
- to avoid defenses
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3. Dream Analysis
• Manifest content– Patient’s description
Dream-work
• Latent content – requires interpretation of symbols
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4. Free Association
• open-ended method– -therapist listens to your stream-of-
consciousness
• priming method– therapist provides a series of key words– response delay indicates the sore spots
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5. Projective Tests
• ambiguous stimuli
• people ‘project’ their thoughts
• patient’s interpretation reveals innermost thoughts
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Rorschach
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e. g., Rorschach Ink Blot test
• you are what you see
• originally very casual
• later systematized by Holtzmann
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STRUCTURE OF THE MIND
-more complex than previously assumed
-has compartments
-therefore, can do strange things
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1. Conscious mind
2. Pre-conscious mind
3. Un-conscious mind
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<catch Figure 12.8>
Iceberg metaphor
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STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY
id Pleasure principle
superego Idealistic principle
ego Reality principle
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STAGE THEORY
• Oral stage
• Anal stage (retentive vs. expulsive)
• Phallic stage
• Latency period
• Genital stage