Class 4 Processing

8/8/2019 Class 4 Processing

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MANAGERIAL COMPUTING

Processing



y A process is an instance of a computer program that is being

sequentially executed

y The procedure which transforms raw data into information ,

is called processingy We need two components to accomplish this task

y Processor and Memory



Processor

y The term CPU(Central processing unit) refers to a computer

processor

y A Central Processing Unit (CPU), or sometimes just

called processor, is a description of a class of logicmachines that can execute computer program

y A processor usually consists of one or more specialised chips

, called microprocessors, which are silvers of silicon or other

material etched with many tiny electronic circuits.y A CPU is plugged into the computer·s motherboard



y A processor controls all internal and external devices , and

perform arithmetic and logic operations.

y A processor only works on binary data, 0 and 1

yThe speed of a computer system is def ined by thearchitecture of the processor being used.



y The central processing unit consists of three main

subsystems.

y Control unit

y

Arith

meti

c logic un

it

y Registers



y Data and instructions do not enter either the ALU or the CU,

instead the ALU works on the data held in the registers along

with the instructions on which it acts.

y Instruction addresses are normally stored in consecutive

registers and are executed sequentially.

y The number and sizes of registers vary from processor toprocessor



Control unity The control unit is treated as heart of the CPU.

y It controls the I/O devices and transfer of data from the primarystorage

y The control unit of the CPU selects and interprets program instructions and then sees that they are executed

y Control unit does not perform any actual processing of data



y It acts as a central nervous system for other components of

the computer

y It manages and coordinates the entire computer system,

including the input and output unitsy It obtains instruction from the program stored in the main

memory, interprets the instructions and issue signals, which

cause other units of the system to execute it



Arithmetic logic unity Arithmetic logic units carries out arithmetic and logical

operations on the data made available to it.

y Actual execution of the instructions take place during thedata processing operation



y When control unit encounters an instruction, which involve

an arithmetic operation or a logic operation it passes control

to the ALU.

y

Alu has special purpose register and the necessary circuitry,to carry out all the arithmetic and logic operations, which are

included in the instructions supported by the CPU.

Class 4 Processing

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